Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Trewia polycarpa roots

The total alcoholic extract, its chloroform soluble and aqueous fractions of the roots of the plant Trewia polycarpa exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested with six bacterial and four fungal strains.     

Identification and evaluation of antioxidant activities of bamboo extracts

The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from two main bamboo species, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and madake bamboo (P bambusoides) in Japan, was first evaluated by scavenging free radical of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the inhibition activity for peroxidation of linoleic acid, and the reduction power. The methanol-extracts of moso bamboo culms and madake bamboo leaves presented stronger antioxidant activity compared with DPPH scavenging activity. Methanol-extract of moso bamboo culms was further fractionated by different solvents and n-butanol soluble fraction exhibited the most significant activity in the DPPH scavenging assay. The fractionation of n-butanol soluble extract was isolated by silica gel column with gradient mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol. The isolated fractions were directed by the antioxidant activity measured by scavenging the stable DPPH free radical. It was observed that most of the eluted fractions showed the antioxidative activity. Fractions acquired from elution with the mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol (10:1-5:1) showed stronger antioxidant activity than the other fractions.     

望天树天然林土壤微生物生物量碳氮垂直分布及相关性分析

选取广西田阳县望天树Parashorea chinensis 天然林、油茶Camellia oleifera 人工林及桉树Eucalyptus robusta 人工林为研究对象,通过氯仿熏蒸浸提法对微生物生物量C、N 以及诸因素的垂直变化进行了研究。研究结果表明：3 种林分土壤微生物生物量C、N 均随着土层深度显著下降(P<0.05),其中不同林地0~10 cm 土壤微生物生物量C 差异最大,20~40 cm 土壤微生物生物量N 差异最大;0~10 cm 望天树天然林微生物生物量C 分别比油茶人工林、桉树人工林高1.41 倍、1.63 倍,20~40 cm 微生物生物量N分别比油茶人工林、桉树人工林高1.54 倍、2.87 倍。相关性分析表明,3 种林分微生物生物量C、N 均与土壤全氮、速效钾呈极显著(P<0.01) 的正相关。综上所述,目前,望天树天然林各土层土壤微生物生物量C、N 均保持在良好水平,土壤深度、土壤养分、林分组成等能对土壤微生物生物量碳氮产生显著影响。     

Antinociceptive activity of Maytenus rigida stem bark

Ethanol extract of Maytenus rigida stem bark and its fractions were assessed for antinociceptive activity in tail-flick test in rats. The activity was located in the chloroform, ethyl acetate and aq.methanol fractions. Phytochemical screening revealed that catechin was the only common class of compounds present on the ethanol extract as well as on the active fractions. 4'-Methylepigallocatechin, isolated from the ethyl acetate and aq.methanol fractions, showed antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test (75 mg/kg; p.o.), which was reversed by the opiate antagonist naloxone (3 mg/kg; i.p.).     

Antibacterial activity of Barringtonia racemosa

The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Barringtonia racemosa roots, its chloroform soluble fraction and, a there from an isolated clerodane diterpenoid is reported.     

Antibacterial activity of Mappia foetida leaves and stem

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Mappia foetida leaves and stem were tested for their antibacterial activity. The methanol fractions were found to be most effective against all the tested organisms.     

The influence of chemical factors on the selectivity of Pinus resinosa stumps for Fomes annosus

Compounds such as resins or phenols produced by the host in response to wounding or fungal penetration may play an important role as factors of resistance against Fomes annosus. By extracting stem sections, that were kept for different intervals in a closed chamber, with different organic solvents chloroform produced the most inhibitory extractives against F. annosus. This may explain at least partially the decreasing stump selectivity for F. annosus. Three compounds were isolated from the neutral fractions of chloroform extractives from 24 days wounded wood discs which were found to be different from the compounds in normal and 12 days fractions. Spectrophotometric analyses reveal some characteristics of these isolated compounds, whereas their chemical formula and structure need further investigation.     

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on phosphorus fractions in different organs of Cordia trichotoma

The application of phosphorus(P) to soil can increase its availability to plants and alter P fractions in annual and perennial organs of Cordia trichotoma.If a portion of P accumulates in perennial organs in organic fractions it can be used in the next growth season,possibly decreasing plant dependence on P derived from soil fertilization.However,if P is preferentially accumulated in inorganic fractions in annual organs,plants will be more dependent on phosphate fertilization.This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of P fractions in organs of C.trichotoma grown on sandy soil treated with 120 and 360 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1).The control was a zero application.After 24 months following fertilization,C.trichotoma seedlings were cut and separated into leaves,branches,stems and roots,dried,ground and subjected to chemical fractionation of P,which estimates fractions of total soluble P,soluble inorganic and organic P,lipid P,P associated ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid,and residual P.P in annual organs,as leaves,accumulated preferentially in the soluble inorganic fraction in both treatments.In perennial organs such as stems and branches,P accumulated preferentially in the soluble organic fraction.The application of 300% of the recommended dosage(360 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1)) promoted the accumulation of P in soluble organic fractions which may contribute to annual growth the following season and be a strategy to reduce the dependence of 2-year-old stands on soil-derived P and on fertilizers.     

山竹果皮提取物抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH自由基清除能力、超氧自由基清除能力、β-胡萝卜素漂白抑制、还原力测定及抗脂质过氧化等试验方法对山竹果皮提取物及其二氯甲烷可溶部分、正丁醇可溶部分、水可溶部分进行抗氧化活性评估,同时对总酚含量进行测定。结果表明,山竹果皮提取物的各分离部位以正丁醇可溶部分的抗氧化活性最好,总酚含量也最高。因此,山竹果皮提取物正丁醇可溶部分具有极佳的抗氧化能力,有进一步开发应用的价值。     

Insecticidal action of the polyphenolic rich fractions from the stem bark of Streblus asper on Dysdercus cingulatus

Extracts from the stem bark of Streblus asper possess insecticidal activity against the fifth instar of Dysdercus cingulatus. Methanolic extract showed an LC(50) value of 5.56 microg/insect. Partition with chloroform increased the insecticidal activity (LC(50) 2.01 microg/insect). Three polyphenolic rich fractions were obtained from silica-gel column chromatography of the chloroform fraction and found to have noteworthy insecticidal activity (LC(50): 1.82 microg, 2.70 microg, 2.26 microg/insect) by topical application. This may provide a useful beginning for the development of biopesticides.