日本落叶松自由授粉家系纸浆材材性遗传变异的研究

对12年生日本落叶松自由授粉子代测定林纸浆材材质性状进行了遗传变异分析、遗传参数估计、相关分析及综合评价和选择。结果表明:家系间综纤维素含量、基本密度、早材和晚材纤维长度、早材和晚材壁腔比差异极显著或显著,10g·L-1NaOH抽出物差异也达10%水平显著。各性状受强度或中等强度的遗传控制,对日本落叶松进行家系水平的材性改良具有很大的潜力。木材密度与早、晚材壁腔比、10g·L-1NaOH抽出物呈显著正相关,与综纤维素含量呈显著负相关,与早、晚材纤维长度相互独立;晚材纤维长度与早材纤维长度存在紧密正相关,纤维长度与早材壁腔比存在显著负相关关系,与晚材壁腔比、综纤维素含量和10g·L-1NaOH抽出物相互独立;综纤维素含量与早材壁腔比呈显著负相关,与晚材壁腔比相关不显著;10g·L-1NaOH抽出物与综纤维素含量、早、晚材壁腔比均相互独立。根据对日本落叶松材质性状的综合评价结果,选出最适合作纸浆林培育的249、340、346、217和364号家系。     

群改杨无性系材性性状遗传分析

对22个群改杨无性系的材性和生长性状进行综合评定，分别采用六项指标（纤维长度、壁腔比、纤维长宽比、密度、树高、胸径）评分法和三项指标（纤维性状、木材密度、材积）评分法，探讨了无性系评定方法。     

湿地松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传分析及联合选择

对１９８１年营造的湿地桦４３个半同胞家系测定林的研究结果表明：家系树高、胸径、材积、干形、枝粗、木材密度等生长、形质和木材性状有显著的差异,具有适度的遗传力,而未发现管胞长度显著的家系效应。生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制,树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系,木材基本密度、管胞长度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此,利用约束选择指数,根据纸浆材和建筑材不同材种要求,进行生长、形质和材性联     

火炬松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异及选择

对1988年营造的火炬松36个半同胞家系测定林的研究结果表明：树高、胸径、材积、木材密度、纤维素含量、管胞长度和宽度等生长和木材性状在家系间有显著的差异，具有较高的遗传力。生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制，树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系，木材基本密度、纤维素含量、管胞长度、管胞宽度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此，利用约束和无约束选择指数，根据纸浆材的要求，进行生长和材性联合选择，评选出82-51、82-89、82-22、82-32、82-5、84-6、82-64、85-32、83-19等9个家系为纸浆材优良家系。     

落叶松人工林纸浆材选择的研究

选取伊春林科院实验站内落叶松试验林6个树种,对其生长和纸浆材材性进行分析.结果表明,各树种的树高、胸径、材积、基本密度、纸浆得率、综纤维素含量、木素含量、纤维长度、纤维宽度等指标差异均达到了显著或板显著水平.通过综合坐标法,选出黑龙江省伊春地区生长和纸浆材材性兼优的落叶松树种.     

桤木优良造纸材改良潜力研究

对桤木优树树高、胸径、材积、单株纤维量、纤维长、纤维长宽比、纤维含量、木材密度的变异规律和各性状间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:性状变异系数规律是生长性状大于材性性状;各性状间没有显著相关,各性状可独立改良;材积、纤维含量、木材密度对单株纤维量的贡献率分别为67.47%、17.02%、15.51%;各性状的改良潜力是:材积可达1倍以上,胸径48%,树高18%,木材密度可提高10%以上,纤维含量可提高4%以上,纤维长度、长宽比分别可提高7%、12%以上,生长与材性联合改良的效益在30%以上。     

杂种落叶松F1代生长性状、木材性状的变异及相关分析

通过对44株日×兴杂种落叶松F1代个体的生长性状、木材性状调查结果进行变异分析发现,杂种群体中的生长指标、材性均存在较大变异,其中材积变异系数达25.69%,管胞长度、宽度变异系数为11.67%、17.5%,管胞长/宽变异系数为19.45%。相关分析结果表明,日×兴F1代群体树高与胸径显著相关,树高、胸径均与材积极显著相关,冠幅与材积显著相关。     

15个杨树无性系在纸浆林培育上的分析研究

通过对5年生15个杨树无性系为材料的树高、胸径、材积及木材的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维的长宽比及木材的基本密度等的对比分析,结果表明:15个杨树无性系的木材平均纤维长度为0.773～1.111mm,纤维长宽比在34.5～46.0之间,基本密度在0.291～0.369g/cm3之间,壁腔比在0.26～0.39之间。综合评价认为592、107、187、303、2025、725、108、69、皖林2、皖林1等10个优良无性系可作为营造纸浆林的品种,符合造纸原料的要求。     

湿地松全同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异与选择研究

对湿地松52个全同胞家系测定林进行了研究。结果表明:树高、胸径、材积、木材密度等性状有显著的差异,具有适度的遗传力,而未发现管胞长度有显著的家系效应;生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制;树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系;木材基本密度、管胞长度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此,利用约束和无约束选择指数,进行生长和材性联合选择,评选出了22个家系(杂交组合)为优良家系。     

杂种落叶松大径材优良家系选择

以材积生长量为主要指标,对27年生杂种落叶松进行优良家系初步选择,并初步探讨了树高、胸径、中央直径及其相互作用对材积生长量的影响,进而找出影响材积生长的主要因子。研究表明,中央直径是影响材积的主要性状,性状对材积的影响依次为中央直径〉胸径〉树高。胸径与中央直径的相关较紧密,而胸径与树高、中央直径与树高的相关不同家系表现各异。     

长白落叶松纸浆材优良家系多性状联合选择研究

采用胸径木芯与伐倒木取样方法,对24年生长白落叶松优树子代测定林14个处理的生长性状、木芯材质性状、解析木材质性状及其制浆造纸特性进行了研究,结果表明:生长性状、木芯基本密度、木芯管胞性状均存在丰富的变异;家系间生长性状差异极显著;木芯基本密度、木芯管胞性状差异显著,家系遗传力在0.56 0.80之间;解析木基本密度、早材微纤丝角、管胞长度、早材壁腔比、木质素、阿拉伯糖含量、抗张强度、撕裂度等差异极显著,家系遗传力在0.64 0.86之间;晚材率、管胞长宽比、综纤维素含量等差异显著,家系遗传力在0.51 0.61,家系水平的材性改良潜力较大。生长性状与木芯管胞长度呈极显著正相关,与木芯基本密度、管胞长宽比相关不显著;木芯基本密度、管胞长度、管胞宽度以及管胞长宽比与解析木相应性状呈极显著正相关关系,且回归模型较为理想,可以利用胸径木芯各性状值预测其单株值,间接选择和评价纸浆材优良家系。通过生长性状、木芯基本密度和木芯管胞长宽比综合分析选出166、169为优良家系,根据解析木生长、材质以及纸张物理性状选出的优良家系与其结果一致。优良家系材积、木芯基本密度和木芯管胞长宽比的遗传增益(超过对照)分别为48.34%(38.80%)、14.01%(3.63%)和19.89%(6.42%)。     

苦楝家系生长性状相关分析与单株选育

以河南省国有温县苗圃试验地6个种源的180个家系的实生苦楝为研究对象进行生长性状差异性分析。结果表明,180个家系间胸径、树高和冠幅差异极显著;6个种源间胸径和树高差异极显著。对试验地现存的苦楝个体生长性状进行相关分析,结果表明,树高与胸径、枝下高、冠幅,胸径和冠幅表现出极显著相关。对苦楝180个家系进行选优,共选出32个优良家系,其中渭南种源12个,郑州种源15个,兰考种源2个,新乡种源3个。对1211株苦楝个体进行无性系选优,共选出90株优良无性系苦楝,选中的家系和个体可用于下一步的选优选育。     

马尾松工业用材优良家系选择的研究

对设在福建三明和仙游 2个试验点 1 0 5个 9a生的马尾松自由授粉子代试验林进行了调查研究。结果表明 ,不同家系在树高、胸径、材积生长性状上存在极显著差异 ,这些差异主要由遗传因素控制 ;在木材基本密度、木材化学组分、木材纤维形态、通直度、圆满度性状上也存在较大的差异。以单株木材干物质产量为主要指标 ,从三明点选出W0 0 2 5 1、W0 0 2 5 5等 9个建筑材优良家系 ,从仙游点选出W0 0 3 0 8、W0 0 2 98等 9个建筑材优良家系 ;以单株纤维素产量为主要指标 ,从三明点选出W0 0 2 49、W0 0 2 5 1等 1 0个纸浆材优良家系 ,从仙游点选出W0 0 3 0 7、W0 0 3 3 5等 1 0个纸浆材优良家系。上述入选的优良家系不但单株木材干物质产量或单株纤维素产量高 ,而且具有明显的生长优势 ,增产效果显著 ,可在生产上推广应用。     

Genetic variation of wood tracheid traits and their relationships with growth and wood density in clones of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabuliformis</Emphasis>

To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW): tracheid length (TL), double wall thickness (WT), radial lumen diameter (R_D1), tangential lumen diameter (T_D1), radial central diameter (R_D2), and tangential central diameter (T_D2). We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits: diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), crown breadth south-north axis (NSC), crown breadth east–west axis (EWC), ring width (RW), latewood percentage (LWP), and wood density (WD). All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49–26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. \( H\frac{2}{C} \) was higher in LW (0.50) than in EW (0.20) for TL, while \( H\frac{2}{C} \) was higher in EW (0.27–0.46) for other tracheid traits and the two ratios (TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1) than in EW (0.06–0.22). WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values (EW_WT/R_D1, LW_WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/T_D2), were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW (r² = 0.22). Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% (wood density was reduced by 0.14%) and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits: a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters (from 0.36 to 5.24%) and double wall thickness (0.07 and 0.87%). The two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 across tissues (EW and LW) declined 0.59 and 4.56%, respectively. The decreased tracheid length and the ratio between tracheid length and diameter is disadvantageous for pulp production. The unfavorable relationship of tracheid traits with wood density indicate that multiple trait selection using optimal economic weights and optimal breeding strategies are recommended for the current long-term breeding program for P. tabuliformis.     

马尾松无性系种子园半同胞子代变异分析和家系选择

以福建省漳平五一林场马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代半同胞家系为研究对象,分析其树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、通直度、高径比、冠径比、木材基本密度、管胞长度和宽度、管胞长宽比等性状,发现家系间除管胞长宽比性状差异显著,其余性状均达差异极显著,暗示着马尾松种子园半同胞家系间存在较为丰富的变异,具选育潜力。8年生林分内各性状的家系遗传力以树高性状为最高(0·691),其次是木材基本密度(0·640)。各性状间的相关性分析结果表明,生长量性状的改良可间接改善通直度,且生长量性状与木材基本密度存在显著正相关关系,木材基本密度与管胞长度和宽度不相关。采用10%入选率,发现5年生林分和8年生林分入选家系一致,材积遗传增益分别达19·74%和19·23%,且5年生林分和8年生林分生长量性状的遗传相关极显著,认为马尾松制浆造纸材短轮伐期的初选年龄可确定为5年生;根据性状遗传力的相对大小和典型相关分析的结果,认为马尾松家系选择可适当注重树高生长量指标。以树高和材积为选择指标,按照10%入选率,兼顾材性和种子园内无性系的开花结实情况,筛选出制浆造纸材短轮伐期优良家系12个。     

Variation analysis and fine family selection on half-sib progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana

Variation of traits that include height, diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume, crown width, straightness, wood basic density, tracheid length and width of open-pollinated progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana was analyzed. Differences in traits such as growth, tree form and wood quality among families was significant, which indicated that the improvement potential was notable. Heritability of height and wood basic density reached 0.691 and 0.640, respectively. According to a correlation analysis between traits, stem straightness could be improved indirectly when growth traits are improved; growth traits were significantly correlated with wood basic density; and wood basic density was not significantly correlated with length and width of the tracheid. Under the selection ratio of 10%, genetic gains were 19.74% and 19.32% respectively, and selected families from the progeny test stands at the age of five years and eight years were the same. Genetic correlation of height, DBH and stem volume was also significant at the level of 0.01. These show that selection of the short rotation of P. massoniana for pulp and paper use would be efficient for five-year-old trees. According to the comparison of the heritability of all the traits and taking into account the result of canonical correlation analysis, height could be considered as the most important index for selection. Given wood quality of all the families, and flowering and fruit settings of the clones in a seed orchard, twelve fine families were selected at 10% selection ratio of height growth and stem volume. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 43–49 [译自: 林业科学]     

火炬松纸浆材优良家系多性状选择

对６年生火炬松自由授粉子代测定林进行了生长、材性和干形等性状的遗传参数估算和相关关系分析。树高、木材基本密度在家系间存在极显著差异，且具有较高的遗传力，胸径、材积、干材干重和管胞长度具中度遗传力，树干通直度和分枝性状未发现显著的家系间差异。干材干重与生长性状呈高度正相关，与木材基本密度呈微弱的负相关，而与管胞长度呈负相关。以浆材为选择目的进行家系指数选择，认为包含产量（干材干重）和质量（木材基本密     

36个美洲黑杨无性系基本材性遗传变异的研究*

山东省长清县３６个８年生美洲黑杨无性的木材基本密度、纤维长度，树高和胸径在无性系间的变异达极显著水平，用选优法选出５个密度较高，纤维较生，生长较快的优良无性系，它们的引种号分别是１３号，３号，３４号，２２号和８号，除２２号起源于加拿大外，其余均起源于美国，木材基本密度，纤维长度，树高和胸径的广义遗传力分别为０．３２、０．４０、０．４３和０．７１，材性和生长性受中等或较强遗传控制。树木生长速度分别与