植物三倍体育性的研究进展

对植物三倍体育性的研究进展进行了综述,同时提出了三倍体育性研究的不足及今后的研究前景     

松扁叶蜂生物学及防治效益综合评判的研究

本文根据松扁叶蜂生物学特性,依照模糊数学原理,对松扁叶蜂进行了成虫烟雾剂及三种农药对1、2龄幼虫不同浓度梯度的涂环防治试验。并对三种农药的防治效益进行了模糊综合评判,得出了各种农药的优化排列顺序,从中筛选出效果较好成本低的农药。     

林木抗病育种研究进展

从林木结构、生理、生化三方面对林木抗病机理及目前抗病育种的进展情况进行了概述和总结。     

几种适于沈阳庭院栽植的木兰属植物引种

通过对木兰属几种玉兰引种 ,对其进行物候期、生态习性、生长规律观测及抗寒生理指标测定 ,基本摸清了三种玉兰的生物学特性及繁殖、栽培技术 ,对其抗寒性有了一定了解 ,为今后木兰科植物引种奠定了基础     

我国的采伐管理及其基本制度

从理论基础、法律依据、管理实践三个方面对采伐管理进行了系统阐述。认为森林永续利用理论是我国采伐管理的理论基础；对凭证采伐制度的基本内容和重要作用进行了总结概括；按采伐管理的时间顺序把采伐管理全过程分为伐前、伐中、伐后三个管理环节，对各环节管理内容进行详细描述，提出了每个管理环节的目标；最后对我国采伐管理中存在的问题及应采取的措施进行了分析探索。     

林业机械产品标准检验规则的理解与应用

阐述了林业机械产品标准中出厂检验、型式检验和第三方检验的具体要求及内容,并对其应用进行了举例说明。     

南方集体林区"三总量"监督检查方法的研究

对目前福建省南方集体林区"三总量"监督检查存在的问题进行分析.探讨了采取自查上报与二阶等距抽样进行林木采伐总量监督检查的方法,提出对木材运输、销售总量监督检查的一些看法及"三总量"监督检查中应注意的问题.     

云南"三总量"检查的实践与探索

“三总量”检查是指由国家林业局统一部署的对县、森工局、林场等单位林木采伐总量、木材销售总量、木材运输总量的计划及采伐限额执行情况进行全面检查。详细介绍了“三总量”检查的内容、方法。总结了通过“三总量”检查实践所取得的成果。     

广东省海岸防护林初探

对广东省的海岸防护林进行了调查研究,着重介绍了海岸防护林带的自然条件及概况;海岸防护林带的三个主要类型及划分依据。阐述了海岸防护林的营造技术,包括树种的选择、育苗造林的关键技术及林带的规划设计。总结了海岸防护林带给沿海地区带来的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。最后还提出了三个建设性的意见。     

三种野生豆科牧草引种试验初报

文章观察了来自俄罗斯乌兰乌德的黄花苜蓿、红三叶和来自伊尔库茨克地区的牧地山黧豆三种野生豆科牧草的种子萌发、幼苗生长发育及物候期。对硬实率、发芽率、发芽指数及幼苗的生长速度、干鲜重等进行了观测。结果表明:三种野生豆科牧草均具有较高的硬实特性;在种子萌发过程中黄花苜蓿发芽率和发芽指数均相对较高;三种牧草生育期均较长。     

灌木在湖南园林植物造景中的应用研究

提出了灌木是城市园林绿地系统的重要组成部分,介绍了灌木在园林植物造景中的功能、应用方式和应用种类,并对湖南省园林灌木植物的发展方向提出了相关的建议。     

我国西北地区的木材供需问题

我国西北地区的木材供需是影响西部大开发进程的一个重要问题，本文从沙生灌木和农业剩余物的角度，以现有的资料为基础，初步推算和分析了西北地区木材供给的可能性，并依此提出了初步建议。     

Maple Sugar Bush Management and Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Eastern Ontario, Canada

As in many parts of the world, rural and forest-dependent communities in Ontario are struggling with a variety of economic and demographic challenges. Ontario government ministries are seeking to enhance rural sustainable development while at the same time maintaining forest habitat and preventing forest biodiversity decline. Commercial maple sugar bushes, which in Eastern Ontario are typically family owned and operated, have the potential to play an important role in biodiversity conservation and habitat protection, while at the same time contributing to sustainable development. Existing research has shown the social and economic benefits of small scale maple sugar bushes, but room remains for greater study of the environmental impacts, particularly in terms of forest biodiversity. In this study, woodlot management practices on twenty-two sugar bushes in Eastern Ontario were compared against established forest biodiversity conservation guidelines, using information obtained through detailed interviews with operators. Sugar bush operators reported the presence of many important habitats on their properties. The interview results show that many standard sugar bush management practices are consistent with biodiversity conservation principles. Operators were found to be receptive to biodiversity conservation ideals, and could enhance their contribution to the provincial government’s official biodiversity strategy with additional guidance, incentives, and formal planning. The findings suggest that through sound management and planning, small scale commercial sugar bush operations generally can be made environmentally sustainable, and become important components in broader rural development strategies.     

Effect of Plant Density on Bark Yield of Cinnamon Intercropped Under Mature Rubber

Possibilities for intercropping cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.Pres) under rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) were investigated. In one experiment, the 9.1 m inter row space of a 15 year old rubber plantation was intercropped with cinnamon. The effect of four cinnamon densities (17,500 bushes ha⁻¹, 8,260 bushes ha⁻¹, 7,980 bushes ha⁻¹ and 3,980 bushes ha⁻¹) and four levels of fertilizer (60 g bush⁻¹, 120 g bush⁻¹, 180 g bush⁻¹ and 240 g bush⁻¹) on cinnamon bark yield and yield components were tested in a split plot experiment. Interception of light by the rubber canopy, R:FR ratio of transmitted light under the rubber canopy and the fine root length density in the inter row was uniform in all treatments throughout the whole experimental period. R:FR ratio of light under cinnamon was significantly lower under the highest cinnamon plant density of 17,500 bushes ha⁻¹. Bushes in the highest plant density treatment (D1) produced longer shoots than those in the lowest density treatment (D4), where the weight of bark cm⁻¹ was greater. As a result there were no significant effects of plant density on cinnamon bark yield at the individual bush level. This also resulted in significantly greater weight of bark per ha in the highest density treatment (D1) indicating the possibility of increasing cinnamon plant density for obtaining greater bark yield from intercropping systems under considerable shade and root competition. Increasing the level of added fertilizer even up to four times the standard did not have any advantage on bark yield or its components.     

Viruslike particles associated with ringfleck mosaic of mountain ash and a mosaic disease of raspberry in the Bavarian Forest

Two types of spherical viruslike particles measuring ca. 25–30 nm and 80 nm in diameter, respec-tively, were found both in ringfleck mosaic affected mountain ash and adjacent raspberry bushes in the Bavarian Forest. The smaller particles were also found in symptomless mountain ash in the same forest. The sap from infected mountain ash reacted with an antiserum to tomato spotted wilt virus in agar-gel-diffusion test. No reactions were obtained with raspberry or mountain ash sap when tested against antisera to a number of small spherical plant viruses.     

榆少锤角叶蜂的研究

榆少锤角叶蜂是严重危害榔榆、白榆叶片的新害虫。该虫１ａ发生１代，老熟幼虫钻入杂灌草丛根际或疏松浅土层中结茧，以预蛹越冬。翌年３月下旬化蛹，４月上旬羽化交尾交卵，幼虫期为３２．７８±２．２７ｄ，每头幼虫平均取食量为２５９０３．８３±６７７８．５５ｍｍ２，５月下旬相继老熟下树结茧过夏越冬。成虫产卵主要在低矮小树或大树下层枝条叶片上。该虫体表光滑裸露，抗药性弱，只要防治时机恰当，一般农药均可取得良好效果。以５％氯氰菊脂、２．５％敌杀死１∶３０００或８０％敌敌畏、９０％晶体积敌百虫１∶８００为佳。     

山西北部四翅滨藜生态饲料林及几点建议

通过对四翅滨藜营养价值、适口性、生物量等调查研究,认为四翅滨藜是一种优良生态饲料林灌木树种。针对山西省北部自然条件及四翅滨藜引种现状,对其发展四翅滨藜生态饲料林提出了建议。     

Bird predation effects on bush canopy arthropods in suburban forests

Urban and suburban forests provide important recreational values to the public and can also contain high levels of biodiversity even though management regimes of such forests often include the clearing of bushes, shrubs and small trees to make them more attractive to people. In a field experiment, we studied the importance of bush canopies as foraging sites for insectivorous birds. In suburban forests, the canopies of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) were net-enclosed for two months at three study sites in SW Sweden. We compared abundance, biomass and body size distributions of arthropods between experimental and control canopies of rowan and alder buckthorn and found the effects to be strong. Biomass of arthropods was generally an order of magnitude higher on canopies protected from bird predation than on controls. Dermaptera contributed most to the biomass estimated in net-enclosed bushes. In certain taxa, however, the biomass was not significantly affected by the experimental treatment, possibly in part due to on-going reproduction during the experimental period. Furthermore, median body size in net-enclosed bushes was 1.3–3.0 times the control, excluding Araneae. The relative difference in arthropod biomass due to the experimental treatment was related to the density of breeding insectivorous birds at each site. We concluded that bush canopies are important foraging sites for birds in suburban forests, although we cannot rule out trait-mediated effects. Management regimes that include clearing of the ground may affect the bird community negatively.     

原木采集生产的生物质流特征分析

在原木采集生产系统中,木质和非木质生物质流为主要的物质流.通过现场试验,针对闽西北马尾松、杉木、桉树3种速生人工林,测量其立木的树根、树干、树枝、树叶、树皮各组成部分的干质量以及灌木、草本、枯枝落叶的干质量,得出伐区生物质的分布比例.按采集生产作业的工艺流程,分析采集生产过程中立木生物质流的原木单位耗材、原木单位产品的排放量、立木资源效率和各工序的工序材比系数.针对木质和非木质生物质流的时空分布,建立相应的时空网络图.采用网络分析方法,推导最小木质材料损耗、最大迹地剩余生物量的工艺方案,进而分析各工艺方案的木质材料、剩余生物质在采伐迹地、集材道和集材楞场的空间分布.木质和非木质生物质流的时空分布揭示了原木采集生产物质流的重要特征.时空网络图可用于分析原木采集生产物质流的特征和相应的投入产出效益.将伐区地理信息系统与木材生产时空网络图结合,可开发出林木采伐更新作业系统的模拟、优化工具.     

叶底珠野生条件下的管理措施及开发利用研究

叶底珠是承德地区常见的一种野生灌木。2002~2005年,对其生物学特性和生活习性进行了观察,对其嫩茎叶的化学成分作了定量测定和分析,同时,对其野生状态下的栽培管理以及繁殖方法、开发利用价值等也进行了初步研究和探索。结果表明,叶底珠耐干旱瘠薄、耐寒、抗病虫害、繁殖容易、嫩茎叶营养丰富、口感好,是一种极具开发利用价值的木本蔬菜和荒山绿化树种。