赤松毛虫防治指标的研究

赤松毛虫(Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler)是山东省松树的主要害虫,常将成片的松树吃光,危害十分严重。目前在治虫工作中,往往只根据经验性“指标”决定防治与否,盲目性很大。因此,研究和提出一个准确有效的防治指标,具有非常重要的意义。我们于1986～1987年在山东省新泰市土门林场,对赤松毛虫防治指标进行了初步研究,现将结果整理报告如下。     

松阿扁叶蜂防治指标及预测预报技术研究

通过野外观察和模拟自然环境饲养松阿扁叶蜂，测定该虫各虫态历期、幼虫期食叶量和咬断后未取食针叶损失量，确定了30cm长油松单枝松阿扁叶蜂各龄幼虫的防治指标值，研究了该虫的物候法、发育进度法和有效虫口基数法预测预报，从而为确定该虫的防治方式及防治适期提供了可行技术。     

Interactive effects of nitrogen and water availabilities on gas exchange and whole-plant carbon allocation in poplar

Cuttings of balsam spire hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa var. Hastata Henry x Populus balsamifera var. Michauxii (Dode) Farwell) were grown in sand culture and irrigated every 2 (W) or 10 (w) days with a solution containing either 3.0 (N) or 0.5 (n) mol nitrogen m(-3) for 90 days. Trees in the WN (control) and wn treatments had stable leaf nitrogen concentrations averaging 19.4 and 8.4 mg g(-1), respectively, over the course of the experiment. Trees in the Wn and wN treatments had a similar leaf nitrogen concentration, which increased from 12.0 to 15.8 mg g(-1) during the experiment. By the final harvest, mean stomatal conductances of trees in the wN and wn treatments were less than those of trees in the Wn and WN treatments (1.8 versus 4.6 mm s(-1)). Compared to the WN treatment, biomass at the final harvest was reduced by 61, 72 and 75% in the Wn, wN and wn treatments, respectively. At the final harvest, WN trees had a mean total leaf area of 4750 +/- 380 cm(2) tree(-1) and carried 164 +/- 8 leaves tree(-1) with a specific leaf area of 181 +/- 16 cm(2) g(-1), whereas Wn trees had a smaller mean total leaf area (1310 +/- 30 cm(2) tree(-1)), because of the production of fewer leaves (41 +/- 6) with a smaller specific leaf area (154 +/- 2 cm(2) g(-1)). A greater proportion of biomass was allocated to roots in Wn trees than in WN trees, but component nitrogen concentrations adjusted such that there was no Wn treatment effect on nitrogen allocation. Compared with WN trees, rates of photosynthesis and respiration per unit weight of tissue of Wn trees decreased by 28 and 31%, respectively, but the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf nitrogen remained unaltered. The wN and Wn trees had similar leaf nitrogen concentrations; however, compared with the Wn treatment, the wN treatment decreased mean total leaf area (750 +/- 50 cm(2) tree(-1)), number of leaves per tree (29 +/- 2) and specific leaf area (140 +/- 6 cm(2) g(-1)), but increased the allocation of biomass and nitrogen to roots. Net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen was 45% lower in the wN treatment than in the other treatments. Rates of net photosynthesis and respiration per unit weight of tissue were 48 and 33% less, respectively, in wN trees than in Wn trees.     

攸县油茶生物学特性及矮化密植早实丰产的研究

对从湖南引种至浙江的攸县油茶生物学特性进行了系统观察,同时对与果实产量有关的主要性状进行相关分析,并就各种不同造林密度进行了试验,得出冠高(x_1)、冠幅(x_2)与单株产量(y)的回归方程:y=0.048 x_1-4.537;y=0.034 x_2-2.24。结果表明,攸县油茶的最适造林密度为每亩500～950株(即7500～14 250株/ha),以此密度造林可达到早实高产之目的。     

油松人工林叶面积指数与其生物量及生长因子关系的研究

选取内蒙古大青山区30a生油松人工林作为标准地,研究了其叶面积指数与生物量之间的关系及叶面积指数与各相关生长因子之间的关系,结果表明:1)油松单株各龄叶的叶面积与其叶生物量均呈正相关直线;油松叶面积指数与单位样地面积叶生物量关系可模拟为:y=k-aEXP(-bx)。整个生长季叶生物量达到最大时的叶面积指数变动范围为10.75~16.19。2)油松单株各龄叶面积与总叶面积的关系可模拟为y=aEXP(-b^xk)。3)林分叶面积指数与其胸径的关系,经比较分析y=aEXP(-b/^xk)(x为平均胸径,y为叶面积指数)的模拟效果最好。叶面积指数随着平均胸径的增大而逐渐减小直至最后达到稳定。     

Effects of elevated concentrations of ozone and carbon dioxide on the electrical impedance of leaves of silver birch (Betula pendula) clones

Effects of elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone ([O3]) and carbon dioxide ([CO2]) on leaves of two silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones were monitored for three growing seasons (1998, 1999, 2000) by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The field trial with open-top chambers (OTCs) was conducted on two clones (Clone 4 and Clone 80) with five treatments and four independent replicates. Treatments were: (1) outside control, (2) chamber control, (3) 2x ambient [O3], (4) 2x ambient [CO2] and (5) 2x ambient [CO2] + 2x ambient [O3]. Fumigations started in 1999 and continued in 2000. Measurements were made in 1998 before the fumigations and thereafter EIS was carried out four times in each season. The impedance spectra of about 10 leaves from each tree at each time were measured at 42 frequencies between 80 and 1 MHz. Leaf spectra were modeled by a distributed circuit element model (DCE) (one DCE in series with a resistor), which yields the extracellular and intracellular resistances, the relaxation time and the distribution coefficient of the relaxation time. The EIS properties of the leaves changed significantly during the growing season when new leaves were expanding. The clones differed in their EIS properties. Clone 4 had a significantly higher extracellular resistance and distribution coefficient than Clone 80. The clones responded similarly to the fumigation treatments. Differences between treatments emerged especially during the second fumigation season in 2000. Elevated [O3] reduced both the relaxation time and the extracellular resistance, indicating cell membrane damage. Elevated [CO2] increased the intracellular resistance, indicating changes in symplastic composition. The biological interpretation of the EIS parameters in birch leaves is discussed.     

Dynamics of nitrogen nutrition of coexisting dominant trees in mixed broad-leaved/Korean pine forest

IntroductionThecapacityofwoodyplantstoassimilateavail-ablenitrogen(nitrateandammonium)hasbeenweIlstudied,especiaIIyintermsofhabitatandspe-cies-reIateddifferencesinnitrateandammoniumassimiIationcapacity(Addoms1937lHauck1968lAlGharbietaI.1984,L8eetaI.1978,Tamm,1991,Vi-touseketaI.,1982iLietaI1994a,1994b,1995)However,nostudyhasfocusedonspecies-specifictemporalvariationinnitrateandammoniumassimiIa-tionamongexplicitIyco-existingwoodyplants,eventhoughtemporaIdifferentiationintheuseofnitratean…     

黄河羊曲水电站库区乔木状甘蒙柽柳种群特征分析

在全面调查资源分布的基础上,对基径≥30cm的树木进行每木检尺,分析库区甘蒙柽柳的资源分布、种群结构和生长规律。结果表明:库区甘蒙柽柳分布范围51.3hm2,占库区总面积的0.88%。基径30~49cm的植株占总株数的64.7%,种群结构增长型。年均生长量在0.3~1.25cm之间,基径和年轮之间存在较大的相关性,符合y=0.9721x+13.027。年均生长量单样本T检验结果显示差异极显著。     

Biomass and nutrient accumulation in young Prosopis juliflora at Mombasa,Kenya

The biomass of a six-year-old plantation of Prosopis juliflora was determined using simple linear regressions of (y) the tree components: stem (over bark), large branches, small branches and leaves on (x), diameter at the base of the trees. Similar regressions were used to estimate height and volume produced by both stem and large branches. Macronutrient concentrations in the different tree components were determined and multiplied by the appropriate total dry weights to obtain total contents per hectare. The total stem volume (at age 6) was 209 m³/ha and large branch volume was 75 m³/ha. Total biomass was 216 tons/ha. Over 77% of the total biomass was accounted for by stem and large branches. Nevertheless, the leaves plus small branches (making 22.6% of the biomass) contained over 50% of the total pool of the individual nutrients N, P, K and Mg. The implications of this finding on site depletion due to total tree use as fuelwood and folder is discussed.     

湖南主要经济林树种滞留PM2.5等颗粒污染物能力研究

以湖南省7种常见经济林树种为研究对象,研究其在单位叶面积上对空气中PM2.5等颗粒物的滞留量,为揭示湖南省主要经济林树种降低空气中PM2.5等颗粒污染物能力提供科学依据。结果表明:不同树种单位叶面积吸附PM2.5的量各不相同,主要受其叶表微结构、枝叶密集度、叶质地、叶面倾角等因素的影响。各树种单位叶面积吸附PM2.5量由大到小排序依次为板栗(0.144μg/cm~2)、柑橘(0.038μg/cm~2)、油茶(0.034μg/cm~2)、花椒(0.03μg/cm~2)、枣(0.029μg/cm~2)、杜仲(0.023μg/cm~2)、光皮树(0.019μg/cm~2)。各树种单位叶面积吸附TSP、PM1、PM10量大小排序规律基本相同。板栗单位叶面积吸附TSP、PM1、PM10量最大,分别达到1.088、0.04、0.47μg/cm~2,光皮树单位叶面积吸附的TSP、PM1、PM10量最小,分别为0.119、0.006、0.048μg/cm~2。就叶习性而言,单位叶面积吸附的TSP、PM1、PM10、PM2.5量表现为常绿树种大于落叶树种。