基于生物质燃气介质下的落叶松热处理木材的制备技术

本文以人工林落叶松木材为试材、以生物质燃气为木材热处理介质,采用特定的处理装置和一定的处理条件,对照生物质燃气和氮气两种介质,试验分析处理介质对落叶松热处理木材性能的影响。结果表明:落叶松热处理木材的密度、平衡含水率和尺寸稳定性在两种处理介质中没有显著的变化,说明生物质燃气可以作为热处理木材的介质,并且具有处理成本低、原料来源广泛的特点。     

热处理马尾松木材的防霉变处理方法预筛选

马尾松（Pinus massoniana）热处理材不具备防霉变效力，且较未热处理材更易发生霉变，为 了其推广应用的健康，需采用技术手段提升其防霉变效力。马尾松热处理木材经抽提后，其霉变防治效 力均未超过 75%；5% 硼化物先预处理木材，再以 180、200、220 ℃分别热处理 1、3、5 h，其获得的最 高霉变防治效力为 41.7%。预处理在一定程度能够增强马尾松热处理材的霉变防治效果。     

马尾松木材热处理研究

采用单因素试验方法对马尾松木材进行热处理研究,选用温度和时间两个因素,比较了热处理和未处理马尾松木材的物理力学性质、色差和甲醛吸收率等性能。研究认为:热处理材的颜色随着热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的增加而变黑,并且热处理温度对热处理材的影响比热处理时间的影响要大。低温热处理时生产的热处理材的湿胀率比高温热处理生产的热处理材的湿胀率高,尺寸稳定性差。热处理材的静曲强度MOR和弹性模量MOE随着热处理温度和热处理时间的增加而降低。顺纹抗压强度变化较小。热处理材对甲醛有明显的吸收作用,是用于室内装饰的良好环保型材料。     

高温热处理对木材颜色变化影响综述

通过总结热处理对木材颜色变化的研究结果,分析热处理方式、热处理工艺参数包括温度和时间、树种与化学成分对热处理材颜色变化的影响,颜色变化与化学成分以及物理力学性能的相互关系,以及热处理材颜色光稳定性能。对今后研究提出几点建议。     

热处理改性木材的性能分析Ⅲ——热处理材的防霉性能

检测了4种热处理材的防霉性能,以及桦木和樟子松热处理材中还原糖的含量。结果表明,热处理材的含糖量升高,且表面部分比中间部分高。故热处理材比其素材更易长霉,尤其是木材表面部分。清漆处理可避免木材霉变。     

热处理木材材色变化机理研究现状北大核心

热处理是一种应用广泛的木材改性方法,不仅能改善木材材色,还能提高木材的尺寸稳定性和生物耐久性。总结了热处理工艺对木材性能的影响,详述了热处理过程中木材化学组分变化。从处理过程和老化过程讨论了环境对处理材性能的影响,并概括了热处理木材材色变化机理。未来应深入解析热处理化学反应路径及其内在机理,建立木材材色与其他材性的关系,并通过联合改性处理提升热处理木材的耐久性。     

热处理木材性质变化规律及变化机理研究

以蒸汽为加热介质,介绍了国外常用的几种木材热处理工艺及产品性能变化,重点阐述热处理木材各项性能变化规律,并深入分析了其性质变化的内在机理.热处理可以提高木材使用性能,拓宽木材使用领域,木材热处理是木材工业未来的发展方向.     

国内外木材热处理技术研究进展及展望

介绍了国内木材热处理的工艺研究进展,并从尺寸稳定性、耐久性和物理力学性能方面介绍了热处理木材材性及机理研究进展,提出我国木材热处理技术应寻求热稳定性好、价格低廉、能耗少的导热媒质,以降低成本;设计合理的热处理没备,提高设备的自动化水平;平衡和调节处理设备,寻求尺寸稳定增加、耐久性提高与强度降低的平衡点,从而获取性能更好的产品.     

思茅松热处理木材的研究

热处理对于提高木材的尺寸稳定性和耐久性、抵抗生物破坏等性能来说是一种非常有效的方法。作者采用油浴法对思茅松木材进行热处理工艺的探讨,分别对热处理木材的失重率、吸湿率、线性胀缩率、以及微观构造等进行了分析,研究结果表明：（1）思茅松热处理材随着处理温度和处理时间的增加,失重率逐渐增加;（2）思茅松热处理材随着处理温度和处理时间的增加,吸湿率逐渐降低;（3）思茅松热处理材随着处理温度和处理时间的增加,线性胀缩率逐渐降低;（4）在微观构造观察方面,由于早材腔大壁薄,材质较松软,经过热处理后早材部分容易引起径向开裂,早材管胞形态的变形程度要比晚材要大,早材轴向管胞壁的弯曲变形较晚材的要严重。随着热处理温度升高,热处理时间的延长,炭化程度越来越严重,为不使木材物理力学以及微观构造方面遭到严重破坏,建议木材热处理温度为160℃、热处理时间为6～12h或木材热处理温度为180℃、热处理时间为6～8h为宜。     

硬杂小径木材干燥技术初探

我国森林资源中小径材的蓄积量占有相当大的比重,其中以硬杂树种数量最多。小径材具有带髓心、弯曲度大、节疤多等自然生长特征及干燥易裂开等问题,给干燥技术和后续加工增添了很大难度。通过对柞木、桦木等树种小径材的实验室及工业试验,认为:硬杂小径材在干燥过程中不宜采用高温介质处理,以采用较缓和的水分蒸发强度和中、低温介质为宜,应保持锯材厚度方向较平稳的温度梯度。     

热处理对木材力学性能的影响综述

热处理可有效提高木材尺寸稳定性,同时对木材力学性能也有明显的影响。文中按照力学指标分别综述热处理工艺对静曲强度/弹性模量、抗压强度、脆性/冲击韧性及其他力学性能的影响,进而总结热处理对木材力学性能影响机理的研究进展;提出可以从以下方面深化热处理技术的研发:一是热处理技术研发时宜根据应用领域科学选择合适的力学指标,二是进一步拓展热处理介质以控制力学性能损失,三是进一步探索热处理对木材不同力学指标的影响机理。     

Vibrational properties of heat-treated green wood

To investigate the influence of water on heat treatment, green wood was heat-treated. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) with about 60% moisture content (MC) was used. Young's modulus and loss tangent were measured by the free-free flexural vibration test. The specimens were heated in nitrogen at 160°C for 0.5h. The results were as follows. (1) Recognizing that the effects of heat treatment are mild and that the same specimens cannot be used for both heat treatment and as controls, it was necessary to investigate the effects of the heat treatment based on the variations of properties in the whole of the test lumber. (2) Young's modulus increased and the loss tangent decreased due to heat treatment. When the vibrational properties were measured at various MCs, the MCs at the maximum value of Young's modulus and the minimum value of the loss tangent were lower in heat-treated specimens than in controls. The effects of heat treatment in green wood were similar to those in air-dried wood. (3) The loss tangents of heat-treated specimens were smaller than those of controls at about 0% MC but were larger than those of controls at about 10% MC. We thought that this resulted from the decreased MC at the minimum loss tangent after the heat treatment mentioned above. (4) The properties measured at several MCs were more useful than those at only one moisture content for investigating the effects of heat treatment.This study was presented in part at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 3–5, 1996; and at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 3–5, 1997     

Review on Color Change of Heat Treated Wood at High Temperature

The authors reviewed the previous research results about the color changes in heat treated wood,and deeply analyzed the effect of heat treatment method and parameters including temperature and time of heat treatment,species and chemical composition on the color changes in heat treated wood.The relationships between color changes and chemical composition,physical and mechanical properties were found.The optical stability of the color of heat treated wood was studied.Some suggestions were proposed for the future research.     

Effects of borate impregnation on the response of wood strength to heat treatment

Based on the strong correlation between acidity and thermal degradation in wood reported in previous studies, the effect of borate impregnation as an alkali-buffering medium was investigated on the strength properties of thermally modified wood. Wood samples were impregnated with 0.1 M Sodium borate solution (pH=9) before they were subjected to heat treatment at temperatures of 180°C and 200°C for durations of 2 and 4 h. The borate impregnation results in some reductions in the severity of strength loss during heat treatment and this is invariably due to buffering effect of the alkali on the acidity of wood, which could have mitigated the degree of degradation. The positive effects of borate impregnation as a pretreatment on the strength properties of heat-treated wood depend on the degree of heat treatment. Hence, the use of borate impregnation as a pretreatment method for heat treatment is recommended only where a relatively mild heat treatment is involved.     

高温热处理对水曲柳材色的影响

The color change of ash wood ( Fraxinus mandshurica ) before and after high temperature heat treatment were investigated with WSC-S color difference meter in this paper. The results showed that: the color of treated wood is affected by the processing temperature, the higher the temperature, the darker the appearance, moreover, the change in L~* component can be used for quantitative analysis on color change. The color of treated ash wood by suitable processing temperature could be simulated to some valuable wood, for example, teak wood, some rosewood species, etc. The color of treated wood could be well replicated from laboratory scale experiments to commercial scale production.     

Fundamental characteristics of microwave explosion pretreatment of wood I. Properties of temperature development

In this study,the effects of microwave radiation intensity,radiation time and initial wood moisture content (MC) on the properties of temperature development in Eucalyptus urophylla wood samples during the microwave explosion pretreatment have been investigated using a new microwave pretreatment equipment.The results show that 1) with the increase of microwave radiation intensity and a decrease in initial wood MC,both the average temperature and its rate of increase in wood rise rapidly;2) with an increase ...     

微波处理中木材内温度分布的数学模拟

从热传导的物理规律出发,建立微波加热过程中木材内部热传导模型,并通过理论模拟揭示不同微波加热方式对预处理中木材内部温度分布的影响规律。结果表明:微波处理过程中,木材内部的温度分布规律及均匀性与微波加热方式直接相关;当采用单向微波辐射的方式进行加热时,沿着微波入射方向,木材温度逐渐降低,木材内部温差较大,且温度分布均匀性较差;当使用双向微波辐射的方式进行加热时,木材内能形成内高外低的温度梯度,且温度分布均匀性较好。     

国外木材防腐技术和研究现状

从木材防腐剂、防腐处理工艺、改性处理及环境特性等几个方面对国外的木材防腐技术及研究现状进行较为系统、全面的介绍,并在此基础上指出木材防腐研究的几个主要方向.木材防腐剂的发展趋势是近期以水载防腐剂为主导,以开发综合性能优良的不含金属的有机防腐剂作为未来的发展方向;木材防腐处理工艺的重点在于增强防腐剂在木材中的渗透性,加速防腐剂与木材之间的固着反应以及开发新型的防腐处理工艺以适应新的防腐剂的需要.改性处理方面主要介绍木材的热处理和化学改性处理在防腐方面的应用现状.木材防腐处理的环境特性则着重介绍LCA技术(生命循环分析技术)以及防腐处理材的废弃处理问题.另外,还简要介绍木材防腐研究机构和协会、木材防腐标准等方面的情况.本文旨在使国内的木材研究者对当前木材防腐技术和研究有一个总体的认识,并在此基础上结合国内的实际情况,发展适于处理中国国内树种及适合市场需求的木材防腐技术,为更科学、更高效地利用国内木材资源提供新途径.