四川桤木木材材性初步研究

本文对四川原产区的四川桤木（Aluns Cremastogyne Burk)木材材性进行了研究，测定了木材纤维素含量，基本密度，1%NaOH抽出物，纤维长度和宽度，并计算长宽比，研究表明；四川桤木木材纤维素含量平均为49.62%,1%NaOH抽出物为16.11%。木材基本密度为0.419g/cm^3。平均纤维长度为1.222mm，且分布集中合理，纤维宽度24.8μm，长宽比为49.2，说明四川桤木的纤维形态，物理性质和化学成分均有利于造纸和降低成本，是一种优良的造纸纤维树种，并可进行全树干利用。纤维素含量，1%NaOH抽出物，木材基本密度和纤维长度在各种源间和不同年龄阶段存在极显著差异。纤维宽度在不同种源间存在显著差异。不同年龄阶段间差异不明显。四川桤木材性性状与生长性状可进行独立选择，金堂-1种源平均木的各项材性性状均优于其它种源。其单株生长量也较大，可进行优质纸浆林定向培育推广试验。     

不同种源毛竹材纤维形态和化学成分的变异

对不同种源毛竹材纤维形态和化学成分进行测定和分析,揭示了不同种源毛竹材纤维形态和化学成分的变异规律。结果表明:浙江衢县种源毛竹材纤维长度、长宽比和纤维素含量均大于其它5个毛竹种源。不同种源毛竹材纤维长度、纤维宽度和长宽比差异均极显著。培育毛竹纸浆材应优先选择浙江衢县种源。     

日本落叶松自由授粉家系纸浆材材性遗传变异的研究

对12年生日本落叶松自由授粉子代测定林纸浆材材质性状进行了遗传变异分析、遗传参数估计、相关分析及综合评价和选择。结果表明:家系间综纤维素含量、基本密度、早材和晚材纤维长度、早材和晚材壁腔比差异极显著或显著,10g·L-1NaOH抽出物差异也达10%水平显著。各性状受强度或中等强度的遗传控制,对日本落叶松进行家系水平的材性改良具有很大的潜力。木材密度与早、晚材壁腔比、10g·L-1NaOH抽出物呈显著正相关,与综纤维素含量呈显著负相关,与早、晚材纤维长度相互独立;晚材纤维长度与早材纤维长度存在紧密正相关,纤维长度与早材壁腔比存在显著负相关关系,与晚材壁腔比、综纤维素含量和10g·L-1NaOH抽出物相互独立;综纤维素含量与早材壁腔比呈显著负相关,与晚材壁腔比相关不显著;10g·L-1NaOH抽出物与综纤维素含量、早、晚材壁腔比均相互独立。根据对日本落叶松材质性状的综合评价结果,选出最适合作纸浆林培育的249、340、346、217和364号家系。     

不同种源马尾松纸浆材制浆性能的差异分析

以不同种源马尾松纸浆材为研究对象,分析比较其化学组分、纤维形态与纸浆性能。结果表明:福建武平、广西岑溪、广东信宜3个外地种源马尾松木材的α-纤维素含量、纤维长度、长宽比以及纸浆的裂断长、耐破指数均大于闽北当地种源,苯醇抽出物含量低于闽北当地种源;不同种源马尾松木材的纸浆得率十分相近,而广东信宜种源马尾松木材密度高于其他3个种源,其单位体积木材可制得更多的纸浆;马尾松3个外地种源比闽北当地种源更适合用于造纸用材。     

日本落叶松纸浆材优良家系多性状联合选择

以12年生日本落叶松自由授粉家系子代测定林为研究对象,对生长、干形和材性性状进行相关分析、通径分析及间接选择研究,利用综合选择指数法开展了日本落叶松纸浆材优良家系选择,并为湖北等亚热带高海拔山区筛选出一批生长、干形和材性兼优的家系,最后提出了日本落叶松纸浆材选育指标及优良家系利用途径。研究表明:生长性状与纤维长度之间存在显著正相关关系,与壁腔比之间存在显著负相关关系,与木材密度、1%NaOH抽出物、综纤维素含量间相关不显著;木材密度与主枝长之间,纤维长度与主枝长、主枝粗和新枝粗之间,晚材壁腔比与主枝粗、主枝长、皮厚、冠幅、新枝数之间,1%NaOH抽出物与主枝长之间存在显著正相关关系。各控制性状对单木材积直接作用的大小依次为:胸径、树高、主枝长、壁腔比、主枝粗、皮厚、冠幅、晚材纤维长和早材纤维长,其中胸径和树高2个性状对单株材积性状的直接作用占材积总变异的63%,虽然冠幅、壁腔比等性状对单木材积的直接控制作用很小,但这些性状通过胸径对单木材积具有很大的间接遗传控制作用,由这9个性状组成的控制系统可以说明单木材积变异的98.66%。     

紫竹不同变异类型的竹材化学成分分析

紫竹因其竹竿色泽能永久保存、竹材工艺性能优良而广泛用于制作竹制品.对一年紫,二年紫和三年紫3种变异类型的紫竹分别截取1年生、3年生和5年生竹龄的竹杆分梢部、中部和基部3处部位进行综纤维素、多戊糖、木质素、苯醇抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物和热水抽出物的化学成分分析,探求紫竹材加工利用及化学利用的合理采伐类型.结果表明:紫竹杆综纤维素、多戊糖、木质素、苯醇抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物和热水抽出物含量范围分别为73.22%～77.85%、14.05%～15.99%、20.31%～24.72%、1.50%～5.73%、23.85%～32.29%和3.63%～8.02%;其平均含量分别为75.24%、15.02%,22.75%、3.22%、27.11%和5.61%.紫竹不同变异类型间综纤维素和木质素平均含量差异极显著;不同竹龄间综纤维素、木质素和苯醇抽出物平均含量差异极显著.     

油簕竹化学成分与纤维形态研究

通过对油簕竹化学成分和纤维形态的分析结果表明:油簕竹含灰分2.02%、木质素22.38%、综纤维素73.99%、多戊糖17.80%、冷水抽出物6.55%、热水抽出物9.82%、1%NaOH抽出物22.49%、乙醚抽出物0.37%、苯醇抽出物3.44%;油簕竹纤维长度为3.47 mm、宽度为24.50μm、长宽比为142、细胞腔径为9.24μm、双壁厚为15.26μm、壁腔比为1.65。从化学成分和纤维形态来看,油簕竹属优良的纸浆生产原料。     

火炬松不同种源纸浆材材性的变异

1983年火炬松31个种源引种栽培在浙江富阳中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所实验林场,研究表明该批种源间10年生树木生长量和纸浆材材性因子如晚材率、管胞形态特征值(管胞长度、宽度、腔径、壁厚、长宽比、腔径比、壁腔比)、管胞S2层微纤丝角和木材基本密度存在着显著差异,木材主要化学成分中纤维素和木素含量种源间存在着显著差异,而戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量种源间差异不显著.这些材性特征除了木材化学性状因子外,均受中等以上程度遗传控制.木材纤维素、木素、戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量的广义遗传力分别为0.088、0.003、0.340和0.307,其余性状广义遗传力均大于0.50.引种地栽培环境对木材性状有显著影响.种源原产地纬度与树木生长量、管胞宽度、管胞直径和管胞微纤丝角呈负相关,与晚材率、木材密度呈正相关.31个种源树木胸高直径与管胞长宽比、管胞壁腔比、木材密度呈显著负相关,与管胞宽度、管胞直径、管胞腔径比呈正相关.     

小黑杨幼龄材与成熟材制浆性能的比较

以小黑杨幼龄材和成熟材为研究对象,分析比较其化学组成、纤维形态和制浆性能. 结果表明:幼龄材的苯醇抽出物、纤维素、木质素含量高于成熟材,综纤维素含量低于成熟材;幼龄材的纤维平均长度低于成熟材.分别采用硫酸盐法制浆正交试验,分析得出:保温时间、用碱量对幼龄材的纸浆得率和卡伯值的影响非常显著;用碱量和保温时间对成熟材的纸浆卡伯值影响非常显著;在相同蒸煮条件下,幼龄材比成熟材纸浆得率高,卡伯值和聚合度低.     

立地条件对毛竹材化学性质的影响

对江西省14个毛竹主产区的毛竹材化学性质进行试验与研究.结果表明：不同立地条件对竹材化学性质有一定的影响,在不同立地条件下,竹材的纤维素含量比较稳定,受立地因子影响较小;综纤维素含量为73.6%,土壤厚度对竹材综纤维素含量影响差异显著;土壤厚度、腐殖质厚和母岩对木质素的影响差异显著;影响戊聚糖含量的主导因子依次为海拔、腐殖质厚和土壤厚度;影响冷水抽出物含量的主导因子依次为海拔、速效P和腐殖质厚,且海拔对冷水抽出物影响差异显著,并随海拔、速效P、有机质以及速效N含量的增大而增大,随腐殖质厚增大而减少;影响1%NaOH抽出物含量的主导因子有母岩、海拔、腐殖质厚和速效K,其中母岩对1%NaOH抽出物含量影响差异显著,1%NaOH抽出物含量随着腐殖质厚增大而减小;影响苯醇抽出物含量的主导因子依次为速效P、土壤厚度和有机质,且速效P对其含量影响差异显著.     

粉单竹的地理变异研究

对8个产地粉单竹在广东茂名试验点所造试验林的主要生长性状进行调查研究,结果表明:粉单竹表型性状变异丰富,13个生长性状在产地间差异显著或极显著,其中单丛发笋量在产地间及产地内均存在显著差异;地理变异模式呈现纬度渐变趋势但未达到显著水平,多数性状与热量因子相关紧密,相关系数达到极显著、显著或0.1显著水平,仅叶厚、枝下高与湿度因子呈现显著或0.1水平相关;所调查的生长性状均受中等以上的遗传控制;聚类分析在距离阈值1.8附近可将所有产地分为3个类群;采用综合评定法,对所涉及的8个产地进行初步选择,认为广东增城、怀集为粤西南地区粉单竹造林的最佳产地来源.     

Genetic variation in distant and inbred hybridization progenies from three sympodial bamboo parent species

To achieve germplasm innovation and study genetic variation of important traits of bamboo plants,we used Bambusa multiplex,B.chungii,and Dendrocalamus latiflorus as parent materials for distant and inbred hybridizations.Two hybrid populations and three inbred populations were obtained:two populations consisted of 57 hybrid progenies from B.multiplex 9 B.chungii,26 hybrid progenies from B.multiplex 9 D.latiflorus,and three inbred progenies were from B.multiplex,B.chungii,and D.latiflorus.Traits for growth,morphology,and fiber were examined from the five populations when plants were 3 years old.Two hybrid populations had significant growth advantages in terms of height,diameter at ground level and internodal length.In terms of variability in morphological traits,the two hybrid populations followed the same trend,namely,seven morphological traits showed phenotypes that were intermediate to those of their parents;three morphological traits showed strong maternal effects,and three other morphological traits showed strong paternal effects.Among the five populations,the two hybrid populations had high arithmetic average fiber length,lengthweighted average fiber length and mass-weighted average fiber length,moreover,extensive variations of these three traits were observed within these two hybrid populations.The establishment of distant hybrid populations from these three bamboo species increased the genetic diversity more than in the other species examined.This work provides excellent materials for breeding new varieties and lays the foundation for understanding the genetics of important traits by analyzing related functional genes.     

细叶桉和赤桉种源间材性变异研究

对海南岛乐东尖峰岭和琼海上甬的８年生细叶桉和赤桉共１５个种源（含刚果１２号桉）的木材进行了基本密度、纤维长度和宽度测定及分析。结果表明,两树种的基本密度及纤维长度在种源间均表现出显著差异。纤维宽度差异较小,变异大小排序：木材纤维长度〉基本密度〉纤维宽度。赤桉的基本密度和纤维长度值较细叶桉更易受环境影响。不同种源的树皮厚度差异显著。不同方位间的树皮厚度有差异,北向最厚。种源间不同取样等分析纤维长度影     

Geographic variation and provenance selection for bamboo wood properties in Bambusa chungii

Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences between fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude (from high to low in elevation). The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis. Foundation project: This research was funded by both of the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), grant No. PD10/00. REV. 2 (I,F), and the National ‘Tenth Five-year’ Key Program of China, grant No. 2004BA506B0103.     

Radial variations in the anatomical characteristics and density of the wood of Acacia mangium of five different provenances in Indonesia

The anatomical characteristics and density of wood were examined in 23-year-old Acacia mangium trees that had been planted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The seeds had been collected from trees of five different provenances. The distance from the pith of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood was also examined to clarify the maturity of the wood. Lengths of wood fibers near the pith and the distance from the pith of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood differed significantly among provenances. By contrast, other anatomical characteristics of the wood such as fiber wall area, fiber wall thickness, fiber diameter, vessel lumen area, vessel diameter, vessel frequency and wood density did not differ significantly among provenances. Wood density was strongly correlated with the area of fiber walls. Our observations suggest that Sidei and Daintree might be more appropriate provenances among those examined for the Acacia mangium tree-breeding programs in Indonesia that are aimed at improving wood quality, because these provenances are associated with longer initial wood fibers and narrower juvenile areas than the other provenances studied.     

大花序桉种源木材纤维特性变异研究

通过对6年生大花序桉(Eucaplyptus cloeziana)种源试验林的纤维特性进行研究,从树干方向和径向上分析纤维特性的变异规律,为该树种林木改良,定向培育和木材的合理利用提供理论依据.结果表明:大花序桉种源纤维长度在沿树干高度上相差不大,规律不明显;1.3 m高度纤维长度与长宽比随生长轮呈递增趋势,而腔径比则...     

福建青冈林主要种群生态位的研究

对福建青冈群落中12个主要种群的生态位特征进行研究,结果表明,福建青冈、黄瑞木、多穗石栎、栲树是广生态位树种,笔罗子、甜槠、长圆叶鼠刺是狭生态位树种。福建青冈与各种群的生态位相似比例的变化较大。福建青冈群落各种间的竞争并不十分剧烈,群落尚处于不稳定的演替过程中。     

福建青冈天然林种群结构特征和物种多样性

采用相邻格子法,对闽北建瓯福建青冈天然林进行群落调查,分析了福建青冈群落的种类组成、群落物种多样性.结果表明:建瓯福建青冈群落有明显的乔木层,郁闭度较大,林下植被较少;综合分析多样性各个指数,可知建瓯福建青冈群落的单一性较强,多数种群的扩展受到限制,虽然该群落目前是以福建青冈为优势树种的进展演替阶段,但如果一旦生境改变...