用电导法配合Logistic方程确定灵武长枣的抗寒性

以宁夏灵武长枣和中宁圆枣1年生休眠枝条为试材,经低温处理后,测定电导率,经Logistic方程计算,结果表明:其抗寒半致死温度度分别为-33.58℃、-34.44℃。抗寒能力中宁圆枣灵武长枣。     

灵武长枣产业发展中急需解决的问题及应对策略

正灵武长枣是灵武市农业优势特色产业,在农业产业结构调整、农民增收、农业增效中具有重要地位和作用。为加强对灵武长枣这一地方优良品种资源的挖掘与利用,自治区、银川市人民政府及灵武市人民政府,在充分调研论证的基础上,结合当地实际,大力栽植灵武长枣,发展灵武长枣产业。截止2015年底,全市已发展灵武长枣栽植面积9333.33hm~2,挂果面积达3866.66hm~2,产量达1624.3万kg。基本形成了以灵     

灵武长枣春季修剪及树体改造培训示范现场会在灵武园艺场顺利召开

<正>近年来,由于我市灵武长枣在修剪、施肥、花期管理、枣果管理上有一定的误区,种植管理水平参差不齐,造成品质不能保证,风味及质量有所下降,影响了灵武长枣的声誉和市场竞争力,也直接影响到每一位枣农的切身利益。尤其是10生以上枣树主枝更新迫在眉睫。开展技术更新,进行树体改造,提升长枣品质,已成为当前乃至今后灵武长枣产业发展的主要任务。3月13日,市林业局在灵武园艺场组织了一场灵武长枣树体改造及春季修剪示范培训现场会,培训会     

灵武长枣稳产高产栽培技术

灵武长枣在灵武地区有800多年的栽培历史。是宁夏最有特色的优良的鲜食枣树品种之一。因其果实个大、色艳、皮薄、肉质酥脆、营养丰富等特点深受广大消费者的青睐。2006年国家林业局把灵武长枣作为地理标志产品加以保护，自治区也把灵武长枣列为全区9大优势特色农产品大力推广。本人经过几年的实践，总结出了灵武长枣的主要栽培技术如下。     

对灵武长枣产业发展方向和提质保值的几点体会

<正>宁夏灵武园艺试验场成立于1950年,是集生产科研、示范推广、观光旅游为一体的场家。种质资源丰富,技术力量雄厚,科研成果丰硕。我场于1998年10月向国家专利局申请获得了“灵州牌”商标(专利号ZL98301579.1)。自2001年起,在灵武率先发展种植灵武长枣,成功总结了灵武长枣矮化密植栽培技术,目前已发展灵武长枣3000多亩,其中有机灵武长枣500亩。2003年我担任灵武市林业局局长期间,正是     

不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合指标的影响

为了提高灵武长枣坐果率和单果质量,采用以色列专用肥(0.3%)、赤霉素(30×10-6)、爱乐壮(ALA、5-氨基乙酰丙酸)喷施处理大田种植的灵武长枣,测定其坐果率、光合速率、叶绿素含量、吊果量、单果质量等指标,分析不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合作用的影响。结果表明:1‰ALA处理下的坐果率提高近1倍,且叶绿素含量、单果质量均高于对照;以色列肥处理下灵武长枣叶片的水分利用效率比对照高40%左右。因此推荐将1‰ALA和以色列专用肥应用于灵武长枣的生产实践中。     

幼龄灵武长枣摘心试验初报

灵武长枣是宁夏地方乡土良种。截止2005年底,全市有4年生以下灵武长枣幼龄园5.16万亩。怎样使幼龄枣树实现早果早产是生产中亟待解决的难题。笔者通过试验得出,对灵武长枣幼龄枣树采取枣头摘心和二次枝摘心,可促进二次枝增粗,提高座果率。     

设施灵武长枣促早丰产优质推广示范

正(2016年自治区财政林业科技项目)本项目应用技术主要来源于灵武大泉林场科技攻关项目"设施灵武长枣促早丰产优质推广示范项目"取得的成果,以及大泉林场良繁场基地科研带头人万仲武同志多年研究成果"灵武长枣物候期与气温、地温的关系初探"、"灵武长枣设施促早栽培技术"中取得的冬     

灵武长枣自由纺锤形整形及综合配套技术示范推广

正(2017年中央财政林业科技项目)灵武长枣自由纺锤形整形及综合配套技术示范推广项目是201 7年中央财政林业科技推广示范项目,由宁夏林权服务与产业发展中心主持,宁夏银湖农林牧开发有限公司、灵武市大泉林场具体实施。项目示范推广《灵武长枣自由纺锤形整形及综合配套技术集成与示范》技术成果和《灵武长枣自由纺锤形整形修剪技术规程》关键技术,已建成成龄灵武     

灵武长枣嫁接育苗技术

文章通过对灵武长枣的嫁接育苗技术进行总结。砧木培育方面从条播酸枣到酸枣仁覆膜培育;嫁接方面从插皮接、常规辟接到双舌接技术应用。经过不断的摸索和技术改进,形成了二改(改进嫁接方法和改变嫁接部位),二优(优选砧木培育方法、优质接穗)的覆膜播种酸枣仁培育优质灵武长枣苗木技术。结果表明:经二改、二优培育灵武长枣简便易行,树势强健,树姿直立,发枝力强,截后成活率高。为推广灵武长枣嫁接育苗提供科学技术。     

Canopy management possibilities for arboreal Leucaena in mixed sorghum and livestock small farm production systems in semi-arid India

A major problem for small farmers in the semi-arid tropics is the chronic shortage of fodder for draft animals. Leucaena leucocephala has improved productivity in many places in India and in various cropping systems, usually as either a pure crop or in a hedgerow alley-cropping configuration. Mixed cropping with arboreal forms is seldom seen. For off-season fodder production, hedgerows have the disadvantage of being open to unmanaged browsing when unfenced (as is usual). Arboreal forms are generally far less vulnerable. In this paper, the components of production of sorghum and arboreal Leucaena are measured under different intensities of canopy lopping. The most productive management system of those examined was pollarding of the Leucaena at the time of under-sowing with sorghum. In a year with less than 50% of average seasonal rainfall, this system gave a yield of 4.6 tonnes/ha/yr fresh wt fodder and 3.8 tonnes/ha/yr dry wt. of fuel harvests, while increasing the standing crop of wood by 1.8 t/ha/yr and retaining a yield of sorghum grain equivalent to 46% of pure sorghum cropping; the LER of this system was 1.35. Cash values of the alternative management systems were estimated, including the discounted Net Present Value of the standing crop of timber. Maximum value was attained with unlopped pure crop Leucaena followed by pollarded Leucaena with sorghum; pure crop sorghum achieved a lower value. These results demonstrate both the high productivity of Leucaena/sorghum based systems, and the stability of production even in poor rainfall conditions. Pollarding transferred the high future value of Leucaena timber to the present value of sorghum grain and fuelwood.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

瓜州绿洲植被退化原因及保护对策

瓜洲县近年来人口数量增长和土地开发规模过大,成为水资源紧张、植被退化、生态环境质量下降的重要原因之一,对绿洲农业生产和人居环境影响很大,因此,严格控制人口数量的增长和土地开发规模,大力发展节水农业,保障生态供水,加强对现有植被的保护,维护生态平衡,是瓜洲县实现可持续发展必须认真考虑的问题。     

Using degree-day accumulations and host phenology for predicting larval emergence patterns of the olive psyllid, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphyllura phillyreae</Emphasis>

The olive psyllid, Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster is one of the most destructive pests on buds and flowers of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) in May when the olive growers cannot apply any insecticides against the pest. Temperature-dependent development of the psyllid was studied at constant temperatures ranged 16–26°C. A degree-day (DD) model was developed to predict the larval emergence using the weekly cumulative larval counts and daily mean temperatures. Linear regression analysis estimated a lower developmental threshold of 4.1 and 4.3°C and a thermal constant of 164.17 and 466.13 DD for development of egg and larva, respectively. The cumulative larval counts of E. phillyreae approximated by probit transformation were plotted against time, expressed as the sum of DD above 4.3°C, the starting date when the olive tree phenology was the period of flower cluster initiation. A linear model was used to describe the relationship of DDs and probit values of larval emergence patterns of E. phillyreae and predicted that 10, 50 and 95% emergence of the larvae required 235.81, 360.22 and 519.93 DD, respectively, with errors of 1–3 days compared to observed values. Based on biofix depends the development of olive tree phenology; the DD model can be used as a forecasting method for proper timing of insecticide applications against E. phillyreae larvae in olive groves.     

我国竹类植物种质保护体系的适度理念研究

竹类是一类具特殊生长习性与生长型的植物,其分布范围广泛、有性生殖脆弱而无性繁殖发达,易于受到人为和自然因素的影响而沦为小种群或濒危物种。本文从小种群近交危害与集合种群上分析了竹类种质保护的适度思想,即适宜的局域种群与集合种群结构度是优化竹类野生种质保护的重要依据;并从区域相对封闭生态系统结构度与竹类种质稳定性上分析了野生种质适度保护的策略;最后从加强竹类种质种群生态学特征的编目清查、自然野生栖息地就地保护、竹类种质保存圃建立与完善,以及竹类原料林的定向培育4方面阐述了竹类种质的适度保护体系。     

Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans

The envelope of Candida albicans, with its outermost array of macromolecules protruding towards the environment, is pivotal to the expression of major virulence factors such as adhesiveness, and the morphological transition to hyphal form. We tested the anticandidal activity of eugenol, main component of clove oil, and thymol, main component of thyme oil, alone or in combination, by investigating their ability to interfere with the architecture of the envelope of C. albicans. Both molecules alterated the morphogenesis of the envelope, but the effects of thymol were more pronounced than those of eugenol. Certain combinations of the two molecules led to a synergistic effect, which is interesting in the view of potentiating their inhibition of C. albicans colonisation and infectiousness.     

Trade-Offs in Forest Utilization from a Sustainability Perspective

Abstract

A sustainable use of forests may be conceived of differently by different scientific disciplines. An underlying definition of sustainability is therefore central to the understanding of any analysis on the subject. This paper approaches the idea of sustainability from an economic perspective. The interpretation of sustainability in terms of concepts such as efficiency, equity and welfare are initially described. Empirical research aiming at obtaining basic elements of economic sustainability analyses is subsequently outlined. Finally, the implications for applied welfare and sustainability analysis at different economic and geographical levels of aggregation are discussed     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Modeling spatial variability and pattern of rust and brown eye spot in coffee agroecosystem

The advent of Precision Agriculture has made possible the analysis of complex spatial patterns of plant disease epidemiology considering statements of integrated disease management. The objective of this work was to use geostatistics, statistics and geographical information systems to characterize the structure and magnitude of spatial dependency of rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola) incidence and severity in coffee agroecosystem cultivated with Catuai Vermelho IAC-99 (Coffea arabica L.). Evaluations of incidence and severity of rust and brown eye spot were accomplished at 67 georeferenced points arranged in 6.6202 ha of coffee crop, in the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Exponential models of covariance enabled the characterization of the magnitude and structure of rust and brown eye spot spatial variability in the evaluated dates. Ordinary block kriging presented satisfactory performance to map rust and brown eye spot outbreaks based on kriging error coefficients. Kriged maps enabled the visualization of intensity of rust and brown eye spot in each evaluation date. Assessments of incidence and severity presented highly statistical correlation based on linear regression models, also confirmed by the spatial variability of kriging maps. Kriging maps of rust and brown eye spot enabled to observe that intensity of disease was dispersed in foci patterns along the coffee plantation, indicating that the current strategy of disease control based in total area may be replaced by site specific disease management, with less environmental impact and sustainability of coffee crop, according to statements of integrated disease management and precision agriculture.