Antinociceptive effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit seeds in mice

The antinociceptive effect of different Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit seed extractives was studied in mice using hot-plate and writhing tests. Following intraperitoneal injection, the decoction (EaDE), the ethanol extract (EaEE), the aqueous and n-butanol fractions (EaAF, and EaBF, respectively) of a polyphenolic fraction, and two flavonoid-enriched fractions of EaBF (EaBCF1 and EaBCF2) showed significant antinociceptive activity in both tests, markedly and dose-dependently increasing the pain threshold.     

Lipid-lowering effects of standardized extracts of Ilex paraguariensis in high-fat-diet rats

Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is a native species of South America used to prepare traditional beverages. Recently a possible effect of its infusion on oxidative stress found in dyslipidemias has been reported. The main compounds related to these activities are phenolic compounds derived from chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to determine the anticholesteremic effect of the hydroethanolic extract (HEIP) and its n-butanolic fraction (n-BFIP), with standardized content of phenolic compounds derived from chlorogenic acid, in rats treated with high-fat diet (HFD). The contents of these compounds in the ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction were respectively two and three times higher than in traditional infusion with predominance of dicaffeoylquinic derivatives. The extracts were able to reduce serum triglycerides and cholesterol and decrease the atherogenic index in treated animals. These results support a potential effect of the mate extract in cardiovascular disease.     

Effects of a hexane extract from Laurus novocanariensis leaves on the ethanol metabolism of Wistar rats

A hexane extract from the leaves of Laurus novocanariensis was investigated for its activity on ethanol metabolism in Wistar rats. The extract could interfere with blood ethanol elevation, the induction of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the reduction of erythrocyte catalase (CAT). The sesquiterpene lactones dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide were identified in the active extract, and might represent its active constituents. These results support the use of L. novocanariensis in the traditional Madeira Island medicine to protect against ethanol injury.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin in plasma after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang or pure baicalin in MCAO and sham-operated rats

A sensitive and specific HPLC method was developed to analyze baicalin in rat plasma. The author had compared the pharmacokinetics of baicalin after oral administration of HLJDT decoction or pure baicalin in MCAO and sham-operated rats. All the rats were divided into two groups, MCAO and sham-operated rats. Each group contained two subgroups: HLJDT decoction and pure baicalin subgroup. The HLJDT subgroup oral administration of HLJDT decoction extract 10.00 g/kg according to body weight (containing baicalin 400.00 mg/kg according to body weight), the pure baicalin subgroup received a gavages at a dosage of baicalin 400.00 mg/kg according to body weight too. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analyzed by kinetica. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of baicalin in rat plasma was non-linear and there were significant differences between different groups. No matter in MCAO or sham-operated rats, pure baicalin had shown better absorption than HLJDT decoction. Whether administration of pure baicalin or HLJDT decoction, the MCAO rats show better, quicker absorption of baicalin than sham-operated rats. It was good for baicalin to exert pharmacological effects on healed cerebrovascular diseases. The method had been applied successfully to pharmacokinetics of baicalin in rat plasma after oral administration of pure baicalin or HLJDT decoction.     

杜仲叶提取物的抑菌活性研究

为了发现新的抑茵材料,对杜仲叶70％(体积分数)乙醇提取物及其分级组分进行了抑菌试验.结果显示:杜仲叶的乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物对细菌和真茵都有抑制作用,而且乙酸乙酯提取物对黄曲霉和黑曲霉有特殊的抑制特征;正丁醇和水提取物对细菌有抑制作用,但对真菌几乎没有抑制作用;石油醚提取物几乎对细菌和真茵都没有抑制作用.最大抑茵圈直径超过了10 mm,最小抑茵浓度(MIC)在0.25％～3.0％之间.杜仲叶提取物在抑菌活性方面具有一定的热稳定性,抑茵率随时间而逐渐增加,16 h之后基本保持不变.     

浅谈紫穗槐4种提取液对大皱鳃金龟子的活性分析

以甲醇、乙醇、氯仿和蒸馏水为溶剂获得的4种紫穗槐提取液,对沙地害虫大皱鳃金龟子进行了活性测定。结果表明：乙醇提取液（100mg/mL ）对大皱鳃金龟子毒杀活性最强,氯仿提取液次之,蒸馏水和甲醇提取液在4种提取液中活性最差;紫穗槐4种溶剂提取液对大皱鳃金龟子均有一定的触杀作用,但是活性均不高。     

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Erigeron breviscapus

The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the ethanol extract of Erigeron breviscapus whole plant was evaluated. The extract showed a moderate antibacterial activity and a high antifungal activity.     

Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity of Calligonum comosum in rats.

The 10% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Calligonum comosum (50--400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the increase in hind paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats. Following sub-acute oral administration of the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, daily for 14 days), a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton pellet model was observed. Pre-treatment with the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) produced a significant and dose-dependent inhibition to the acute gastric ulcers induced by phenylbutazone, indomethacin, 0.2 N NaOH and 80% ethanol.     

Preliminary assay on the radical scavenging activity of olive wood extracts

The dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of Olea europaea wood (picual olive cultivar) were screened for antioxidant activity, determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The ethanol extract displayed potent antioxidant activity.     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。     

桉叶抗氧化物的提取与抗氧化性质研究

以广林9号桉叶粉为材料,通过单因素和正交实验,确定最佳提取条件为50％乙醇、料液比1：20、50℃提取1h;抗氧化稳定性研究表明：光照、空气和温度对提取物抗氧化活性均有较大的影响,而pH值对其影响较小;对酚类物质的含量进行测定,表明提取物中酚类物质的含量与抗氧化效果成正相关;以有机溶剂对上述提取物进行萃取,抗氧化效果为正丁醇萃取物〉乙酸乙酯萃取物〉水萃取物〉石油醚萃取物;然后比较了不同浓度乙醇作为洗脱剂对正丁醇萃取物分离的影响,以50％和70％乙醇洗脱成分活性最强。     

Antifungal activity of Cynara scolymus L. extracts

Chloroform, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Cynara scolymus L. leaves, heads and stems were tested for their antifungal activity using the agar-well diffusion assay technique. The leaves extracts and the ethanol fractions were found to be the most effective extract against all the tested organisms.     

Antinociceptive activity of Ceriops decandra leaf and pneumatophore

The ethanol extract of Ceriops decandra leaf and pneumatophore, at the oral doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, showed a dose-dependent and significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. On the contrary, the bark extract was devoid of any significant activity.     

麻竹叶抑菌活性成分的分离鉴定

对麻竹叶抑菌活性成分进行了分离鉴定.结果表明:将麻竹叶干粉加70%乙醇抽提至色淡,抽提液浓缩后经石油醚萃取,水相过聚酰胺柱,用水和70%乙醇洗脱,醇洗部回收溶剂经60℃低温干燥,得红棕色结晶性粉末;该物质经真空层析、聚酰胺层析,得单一色斑;在聚酰胺柱色谱中呈单一吸收蜂,经高压液相色谱检验,单一主峰面积比例为97.75%;用盐酸镁粉检出其为黄酮化合物;经酸水解,用硅胶薄板层析检出有木糖;用UV-vis光谱法及化学法对其结构进行分析,其分子结构为黄酮醇类,该化合物具有较强抑菌活性,酸水解后抑菌活性升高.     

不同提取工艺对金樱子黄酮体外抗氧化活性的影响1）

以金樱子为原料,分别采用水、一定浓度的甲醇、乙醇及丙酮为提取剂提取金樱子黄酮,采用在体外设计超氧自由基,羟基自由基体系,测定不同来源的黄酮对它们的清除作用及测定其对脂质抗氧化作用。实验结果表明,以乙醇提取的金樱子黄酮对超氧阴离子自由基,羟基自由基都有显著的清除作用,在脂质中有较好的抗氧化活性,具有进一步研究价值。     

Antifungal activity of Piper guineense of Cameroon

The antifungal activity of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Piper guineense and some of its fractions obtained by column chromatography was investigated using filamentous fungi and yeasts. The results indicated a significant antifungal effect. No toxic effect was observed in mice treated per os with the extract.     

Antioxidant activity of Arbutus unedo leaves

The ethanol and methanol extracts of Arbutus unedo leaves were screened for antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by an improved assay based on the decolorization of the radical monocation of [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS). The ethanol and methanol extract of A. unedo leaves displayed potent antioxidant activity.     

Antimicrobial activity and constituents of Coccoloba acrostichoides

The ethanol extract and fractions from Coccoloba acrostichoides aerial parts were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity. The extract was active against the assayed bacteria while most of the fractions also inhibited fungal growth, especially the n-hexane and EtOAc fractions. The isolated beta-sitosterol and betulin were tested, being the last one active against Fusarium oxysporum.     

Anti-browsing effects of birch bark extract on fallow deer

A major problem within forest industry is unwanted browsing on seedlings from mammalian herbivores. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of birch bark extracts as repellents towards fallow deer. Birch bark was extracted in a conventional way with ethanol as solvent at ambient temperature and with a new method, liquid CO₂ extraction. An analysis of the ethanol-extracted birch bark showed that it contained large amounts of terpenoids, of which the most abundant was betulin. In seven different treatment trials, we used 15 individually handled fallow deer. To investigate the binary taste preferences, birch bark extract was added to food and presented in two bowls in typical two-choice tests. We found that the amount of a food type consumed during a trial and the number of shifts between food bowls were dependent on the amount of the birch extract the food contained. Concentrations of above 1 % by dry weight of birch extract acted as a repellent. In addition, such concentrations produced shorter feeding bouts by a greater willingness to change bowls. Therefore, our conclusion is that birch bark extract acts as a repellent towards fallow deer and is therefore likely to act as a repellent against other deer species. In addition, we show that birch bark extract produced by the new and more environmentally sustainable method employing liquid CO₂ mixed with ethanol has the same repellent effect as the traditional ethanol extraction.