花团锦簇

从2001年到2007年,北京市政府大力加强城市园林绿化工作。城市园林绿地增加了1万公顷,树木增加了2271万株,草坪增加了4653万平方米,大大改善了市区的生态环境,使市民亲身感受到了绿色奥运带来的实惠。城市增添了绿色,市民增加了氧吧。     

红色旅游、红色旅游共生及红色旅游绩效研究述评

回顾了我国有关红色旅游、红色旅游共生及红色旅游绩效的相关研究并进行了综述。根据文献对相关概念进行了整理,根据研究成果的数量和内容对红色旅游相关研究进行了分析,提出了各发展阶段及各阶段内容特征。对旅游共生的研究内容进行了整理,对红色旅游研究进行了总结,得出了现阶段的发展和未来的展望。     

城市区域环境噪声污染与监测对策分析

介绍了噪声污染的现状及相关概念,分析了噪声污染的一些特点,重点探讨了噪声污染的产生因素及其监测的方法,针对噪声污染的一些问题重点介绍了解决的办法,提出了一些进行噪声污染的监测对策。     

浅谈我国工程经济学的发展

文章简单回顾了我国工程经济学的发展史,陈述了我国工程经济学的现状并进行了分析。文章还讨论了我国工程经济学的发展方向,并提出了一些列的措施。     

浅议生态旅游和环境保护的关系

指出了生态旅游作为一种可持续发展战略，正日益受到各国旅游学界和生态学界的广泛重视。在简单介绍了生态旅游概念的基础上，简述了生态旅游在我国的发展现状，分析了生态旅游和环境保护的关系，得出了两者是相辅相成、辩证统一的关系，探讨了我国在开发生态旅游过程中存在的主要问题，并提出了解决问题的方案。     

紫茎泽兰提取物国内研究进展

概述了紫茎泽兰的基本特征、起源和在我国分布的情况。综述了紫茎泽兰的研究现状,主要包括：从遗传特性上探讨了紫茎泽兰的生长优势;分析了紫茎泽兰的化学成分;研究了紫茎泽兰提取液的提取方式;根据紫茎泽兰提取液的化学性质做了杀虫活性的研究;最后指出了目前我国紫茎泽兰的开发利用存在的问题,并对我国对紫茎泽兰提取液的开发和合理利用提出了相关的建议。     

生物质锅炉发展的思考

指出了近年来生物质锅炉在我国部分行业中得到了应用,并取得了不错的效果:节约了大量能源、保护了自然环境.介绍了生物质锅炉的含义及其生产排污情况,分析了对其推广和使用的意义,对生物质锅炉使用过程中存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行了深入探讨.     

生存的保障——我的家乡大海林林改印象

林改妙语像孟叔这样将森林承包到个人手中,真的是达到了人与自然的双赢。集体林改革带动了林区的经济发展,解决了部分林区劳动力失业的问题。承包合同制也为林区农户提供了生存的保障,它让林区农户的收入增加了,生活有了奔头。     

在全国森林公安刑侦工作培训班上的讲话

2009年11月26至27日,国家林业局森林公安局在海南省举办了全国森林公安刑侦工作培训班。曹真巡视员发表了重要讲话,充分肯定了近两年来森林公安刑侦工作取得的成绩,分析了森林公安刑侦工作面临的形势,阐述了刑侦工作和刑侦队伍中存在的突出问题,进一步明确了森林公安刑侦工作的总体思路,对当前及今后一个时期的森林公安刑侦工作进行了全面部署。     

广西林科院：科技助推绿色增长

金秋季节，巴马县所略乡的万亩有机油茶基地内，漫山遍野的油茶树上结满的果实压弯了树枝，绿油油的树叶间同时开满了五颜六色的花朵。果还未摘，花又开了，收获了秋天的喜悦又点燃了明年的希望，争妍斗艳的遍野油条，预示着明年又是一个丰收年。     

用碘结晶法测量针叶树材的微纤丝角

采用碘溶液和氢氧化钠两种溶液的混合液处理针叶树材管胞弦壁切片，并用干燥法脱除切片胞壁水，对碘结晶法测量木材微纤丝角的方法进行改良．结果表明，切片的木素脱除干净彻底，次生壁微纤丝之间易形成空隙，有利于碘离子进入其中形成碘结晶，可清晰地观察到微纤丝的走向，有利于有效而准确地测量微纤丝角，与改良前进行比较，具有省时省力，节约经费的优点．     

Ⅰ-69杨湿心材发生、分布及材性的研究*

在湖北省嘉鱼县潘家湾,不同生长条件和不同方式种植的I-69杨活立木及原木都有不同程度的湿心材存在。湿心材的比例与土壤水分含量有关,与种植方式和树木生长速度无关。湿心材的存在和变色由细菌活动引起,已分离和鉴定出5种病原菌(Erwinia carotovora Subsp.carotovora,E.rhapontioi (Millard)Burkhold,E.chrysanthemi Burkholder,Bacilluscereus Frankland,B.sphaericus Neide)。电镜观察和材性分析表明,正常材中细菌很少,纹孔膜保存完好,而湿心材的导管-射线间纹孔和管间纹孔膜几乎都被破坏。与正常材相比,湿心材的pH和酸缓冲容量高,抽提物和灰分含量较高,综纤维素和α-纤维素含量略低。湿心材的密度、干缩系数及力学性质都比正常材低,差异极显著。建议进一步研究如何防止细菌的侵入和活动,阻止湿心材和变色材的发生。     

生态型造林与传统造林的杉木林邻体干扰效应比较

为了比较杉木生态型造林和传统造林邻体对杉木基株干扰效应的差异,阐明生态型造林的优越性,避免造林地滋生大量五节芒,在不影响杉木生长的前提下解决传统造林中出现的炼山和抚育造成的水土流失、地力衰退、生物多样性减少和人工成本高等问题,为今后造林工作提供技术支撑。本研究选用生态型造林与传统造林两种类型造林8年生生长数据,采用邻体干扰指数模型的方法,研究两种造林类型邻体对杉木的干扰效应。结果表明:生态型造林地中有灌木植物22种、草本植物4种;传统造林地中五节芒占草本植物总数量的91.8%,仅有灌木植物7种、其它草本植物1种,前者林地灌木层和草本层的丰富度指数和香农维纳指数均大于后者。测得两者初始个体高第1、2年平均生长速度分别为86.8 cm/a、31.9 cm/a和94.2 cm/a、51.9 cm/a,灌木植物第1、2年的平均生长速度分别为48.7 cm/a和53.3 cm/a,草本植物的平均生长速度为55.7 cm/a;两者8年生杉木平均高和平均胸径分别为6.4 m、5.8 m和7.9 cm、8.7 cm。生态型造林地中灌木层干扰效应强于传统造林,主要干扰物种有4种,平均干扰指数为2.40;后者林地中草本层干扰效应强于前者,主要干扰物种有1种,平均干扰指数为0.42。生态型造林初始个体高较大,第1、2年平均生长速度大于灌、草植物,无缓苗期,造林后快速生长,对造林初期生长速度促进作用明显;传统造林初始个体高较小,有缓苗期,第1、2年平均生长速度小于灌、草植物,林地必需进行抚育。分别拟合两者总干扰指数与杉木基株大小、基株生长速度唐守正树高曲线,知其均呈显著负相关关系,前者抵抗邻体干扰能力强于后者,个体大小受邻体的影响较小,邻体对基株生长的整体干扰作用要小于后者。生态型造林不抚育促使杉木个体高生长较快,传统造林由于频繁抚育杉木个体胸径生长较快。生态型造林炼山为五节芒提供了良好的生长环境,前者无炼山抚育,生物多样性丰富,抑制五节芒生长。     

Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans

The envelope of Candida albicans, with its outermost array of macromolecules protruding towards the environment, is pivotal to the expression of major virulence factors such as adhesiveness, and the morphological transition to hyphal form. We tested the anticandidal activity of eugenol, main component of clove oil, and thymol, main component of thyme oil, alone or in combination, by investigating their ability to interfere with the architecture of the envelope of C. albicans. Both molecules alterated the morphogenesis of the envelope, but the effects of thymol were more pronounced than those of eugenol. Certain combinations of the two molecules led to a synergistic effect, which is interesting in the view of potentiating their inhibition of C. albicans colonisation and infectiousness.     

山岳型旅游景区优势及发展对策

指出了在现代化时尚生活中,旅游是人们生活中必不可少的一部分,在旅游的众多类型中,很多人选择了群山环绕的美景。山岳型旅游景区在新时代的发展建设中,既保持了传统发展的优势,又进行了创新性的建设。以山岳型旅游景区的发展为研究核心,分析了山岳型旅游景区发展具有的优势,对山岳型旅游景区的优势和特点进行了阐述,针对山岳型旅游景区环境建设存在的问题,提出了构建山岳型旅游景区长久发展的重要路径。     

Ash-fertilization improves germination and early establishment of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland

Common objectives of afforestation of cut-away peatlands are the diminution of nutrition loads and the production of energy wood in an efficient and economic way. We studied the effect of fertilization and afforestation methods on the early establishment of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland. Six treatments of peat-ash, wood-ash, biotite, or PK-fertilizer were replicated in three blocks in different mixtures corresponding to 50 kg/ha of phosphorous. Birch seeds were sown in randomized halves of split plots, while other halves were naturally afforested. Natural afforestation was equal to sowing in terms of seedling amounts due to closeness of surrounding birch stands with abundant seed crops. After the first growing season the greatest quantities and dominant heights of birch seedlings appeared on the ash-fertilized plots, whereas on the unfertilized areas both the establishment and growth of seedlings was very poor. On the other hand, the quantity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings was more than three times higher on the unfertilized areas compared to the ash-fertilized areas. The differences between the fertilized and the unfertilized areas accentuated during the four observation years. Our results support regular use of ash-fertilizers for the afforestation of cut-away peatlands instead of the ash being deposited as a waste in landfills.     

Short-term Effect of Thinning on Pinus sylvestris Damage and Sporulation Caused by Cronartium flaccidum

The short-term effect of thinning on cronartium rust on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in a stand of Scots pine (artificially seeded and in the pole-stage) severely infected by the stem-rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter. The disease rate (the number of old and fresh infections) was recorded before thinning, after which all trees with a resin-top as well as all individual branches with sporulating lesions were removed from the thinned plots, while the comparison plots remained non-thinned. The numbers of sporulating lesions were recorded on the plots annually for 2-5 yrs after thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on the year-to-year relative number of sporulating lesions. The relative number of sporulating lesions, however, increased in both thinned and nonthinned trees, varying significantly from year to year. Thinning had no significant effect on the year of formation of the shoot bearing annual sporulating lesions, the duration of sporulation or the growth of the fungus along the infected shoot in perennial lesions during the first 5 yrs after the treatment.     

Penetration and infection processes in japanese cedar twig blight caused byStromatinia cryptomeriae

The diversity of host invasion mechanisms of the causal pathogen of Japanese cedar twig blight (Stromatinia cryptomeriae) was elucidated through detailed investigations of the disease cycle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that ascospores began to germinate, and invade male strobilus tissue, within 24 h after arriving on the strobili. This involved direct penetration of the cuticle, and examination by SEM showed that cuticle degeneration had occurred around the point of penetration. A mucilage-like-substance was also observed around the tips of the germ tubes. Meanwhile field studies showed that incipient mycelial mat emerged from the bases of male strobilus in early June, and ceased growing onto the surface of the twig at the beginning of July. Macroscopically, the mycelial mat began to shed in mid-July, and disappeared completely during the summer season by the end of August. Immediately after the mat disappeared the first necrotic symptoms became evident on the twigs. This suggested strongly that these mats were involved in lesion formation. Observations of the mat’s behavior on the surface of twigs with light and differential interference microscopy, and SEM, showed thatS. cryptomeriae had two modes of invasion,i.e. stomatal and cuticular invasion. Hyphae from the mat were able to enter twig tissues through the stomata. Additionally, mycelial mat infected host tissue directly by hyphal penetration of the cuticle at the axes of cedar twigs. The mat was able to grow along the twig surface, then hyphae forming mat entered the host tissue and caused necrotic lesions. This paper describes the mechanisms of infection on both a strobilus and twig utilized by the pathogen of Japanese cedar twig blight.     

Response of Japanese red pine to inoculation with a blue stain fungus,Ceratocystis piceae

To confirm the pathogenicity of a blue stain fungus,Ceratocystis piceae (Münch) Bakshi to the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), the responses of healthy young pine trees and stressed trees which were girdled by the half-circumferential girdling technique were investigated by the fungal inoculation test. Although neither of the pine trees inoculated withC. piceae in the non-girdled treatment nor the controls died, mortality of the trees girdled and inoculated withC. piceae was 28.6%. In the pine trees inoculated withC. piceae, the mean area of the necrotic lesion of the sapwood was significantly larger than that of the controls, and the mean of the water pressure potential of the xylem decreased, regardless of the girdling treatment. TheC. piceae was reisolated from the wood pieces near the inoculation points on the inoculated trees, but not from the controls. These results suggest that under strongly stressed conditions, the Japanese red pine trees might have been killed by heavy infestations ofC. piceae carried by bark beetles. A part of this paper was presented at the 103rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1992).     

广西海岸沙地木麻黄防护林带的生物量和生产力

对海岸沙地木麻黄防护林带生物量和生产力的研究结果表明:13年生木麻黄林带的生物量为100.01t.hm-2,生物量的大小序列为干材>根系>树枝>叶枝>干皮>枯枝。立木生物量总量的空间格局是随树高的增加而减少,不同器官生物量的空间分布却有所不同,干材和干皮生物量随树高的增加而减少,树枝生物量则主要集中在树冠中层或中下层,叶枝则主要分布在上层或中上层。沙地木麻黄林带具有较高的生产力,为7.693t.hm-2.a-1。海岸沙地木麻黄这种生物量和生产力水平足以说明它对海岸沙地的生态环境具有很强的适应能力。