云南云龙天池自然保护区珍稀濒危动植物种类及综合评价

云南云龙天池自然保护区共有14种国家重点保护的野生珍稀濒危植物和29种国家重点保护的野生珍稀濒危动物.并对其自然环境、生物多样性、保护管理进行了综合评价.     

苍山西坡生物多样性保护评价与规划

以大理漾濞县苍山西坡为研究地,在调查苍山当地的自然地理条件、地形地貌及生物多样性现状的基础上,采用CAP保护行动规划方法,确立优先保护对象依次为原生森林植被、珍稀濒危动植物、高山垂直生态系统、硬叶常绿阔叶林和寒温性针叶林;同时确立威胁因子主要为商业性采集、旅游开发、过度放牧等;并提出苍山西坡生物多样性保护应以物种为"点",区域边界为"线",生态系统、景观系统为"面",实现"点—线—面"相结合的总体规划布局结构体系,将其划分为保护核心区、缓冲区、实验区。研究结果可为苍山西坡生物多样性保护工作的进一步开展提供参考。     

天池自然保护区湿地的六大功能

天池是中外闻名的风景名胜，同时，作为湿地生态系统，天池自然保护区湿地生态系统不仅为人们提供了丰富的社会和经济效益，更具有极高的生态功能，对维持生态平衡，改善生态环境，保护生物多样性和珍稀物种资源等方面起到了重要的作用。     

西藏然乌湖湿地自然保护区生物多样性及保护对策

然乌湖湿地是我国高原寒温带湿地生态系统的典型代表,是众多候鸟繁殖、越冬或迁徙的停歇地,集高原冰雪、灌丛草地、湿地和森林生态系统为一体,生物多样性丰富,具有重要的保护价值;阐述了湿地保护区生物多样性现状,分析了影响生物多样性的主要因素,并提出了相应的保护对策。     

太子山自然保护区生物多样性区系分析

太子山自然保护区地处青藏高原向黄土高原的过渡地带。独特的区位优势,孕育了丰富的生物多样性,复杂的生态系统具有很高的典型性,是国内同一生态系统的最好代表。利用保护区生物多样性本底资料,对以动、植物为主的生物物种进行了初步的区系分析,以谋求进一步加大自然保护区生物多样性的保护力度,促进保护区森林生态系统的健康、可持续发展。     

森林生态系统的生物多样性保护问题

生物多样性的保护和可持续的利用对森林的保护与可持续经营具有特别重要的意义，生物多样性保护在森林生态系统管理中也越来越显示其重要性。讨论全球森林生态系统生物多样性保护的发展趋势及森林生态系统生物多样性保护的理论和对策，以及生物多样性指数在评价生物多样性管理的应用，提出我国生物多样性保护研究应该加强的方向。     

浅谈四川森林生物多样性现状及保护策略

加强森林生物多样性的保护,对保护生物多样性具有十分重要的作用。四川地处我国西南林区的主体部份,森林资源丰厚,森林生态系统复杂,使森林生物在物种、生态系统和遗传信息等三个层次上具有丰富度与多样性。为适应我国生物多样性的保护形势及要求,对四川的森林生物多样性保护工作从八个方面探讨其策略。     

云龙天池自然保护区管护成效及作用探讨

阐述了云龙天池保护自然资源的措施及保护管理工作所取得的良好成效,探讨了天池自然保护区对当地生态环境的作用,包括涵养水源、应对极端气候等,以期为未来的保护区管理工作提供参考。     

双柏恐龙河州级自然保护区保护价值评价

双柏恐龙河州级自然保护区内保存有较为完整的自然生态系统,生物多样性独特而丰富。文章在阐述保护区自然资源现状的基础上,结合其特点,从自然性、典型性、多样性、稀有性、脆弱性、科研价值等方面对保护区的保护价值进行了系统、全面的分析评价,认为该保护区重要生态系统和重要物种丰富,以热带季雨林和绿孔雀、滇南苏铁等为代表的生态系统及国家重点保护野生动植物,科学研究及保护价值巨大。     

浅谈四川森林生物多样性现状及保护策略

加强森林生物多样性的保护，对保护生物多样性具有十分重要的作用。四川地处我国西南林区的主体部分，森林资源丰厚，森林生态系统复杂，使森林生物在物种、生态系统和跗信息等三个层次上具有丰富度与多样性。为适应我国生物多样性的保护形势及要求，对四川的森林生物多样性保护工作从八个方面探讨其策略。     

滇西北植物多样性特征

滇西北是云南省“动植物王国”中的一颗璀灿明珠,是中国植物多样性最丰富的地区之一.目前保存有较完整的高山垂直带景观、温性和寒温性原始森林生态系统、高山湿地生态系统、珍稀濒危特有植物以及具有重要经济价值的中草药资源,是我国最重要的模式标本产地,植物属种的新特有中心.因此,保护与发展好滇西北植物多样性具有极其重要的现实和长远意义.     

北京市生态公益林经营目标及指标体系的研究

在“温带和北方森林可持续经营标准与指标”及“中国森林可持续经营标准与指标”的基础上,遵循统一、系统、可操作性原则,制定了北京市生态公益林经营目标及指标体系。北京市生态公益林经营目标包括生物多样性的保护、森林生态系统生产力的维持、森林生态系统健康活力的维持、水土资源的保持、社会效益的保持与加强和经济效益的保持与加强6个方面,共38个指标。     

长江上游绵阳官司河流域低山丘陵区不同植被类型生物多样性分析

本文用多样性指数（Shannon—Wiener指数、Simpson指数）、均度指数（Pielou指数）、丰富度指数（Margalef指数、Menhinick指数）对绵阳官司河流域5种不同的人工林进行生物多样性分析,结果表明：经过植被恢复,各林分类型生物多样性都有所提高,同时水土保持效益也明显提高,土壤侵蚀量减少了42％;在5种植被类型中,乔木层中以针阔混交林的生物多样性最高,灌木层以松柏混交林和麻栎林的生物多样性最高,草本层以松柏混交林的生物多样性最高;5种植被类型中,灌木层地上部分生物量以针阔混交林最大为1849．37kg·hm^-2,马尾松纯林最小为747．37kg·hm^-2,其大小顺序为：针阔混交林〉柏木纯林〉栎类林〉松柏混交林〉马尾松纯林;草本层植物地上部分部总生物量大小顺序为：松柏混交林〉柏木纯林〉栎类林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松纯林。     

广东南岭国家公园的核心资源与科学保护价值报告

广东南岭国家公园的核心资源,包括以亚热带常绿阔叶林森林生态系统为代表的自然生态系统、具有全球意义的陆地生物多样性、具有世界意义和国家代表性丹霞地质地貌遗迹、具有国家代表性的“南岭走廊”人文资源等;上述核心资源,在南岭国家公园的生态系统生态学、进化生物学、生物群落学、恢复生态学、地质学、地貌学、地理学、地球化学、地理学、人类学等领域,具有重要的科学保护价值;在陆地生物多样性、丹霞地质地貌等方面,南岭国家公园是一处具有全球意义的科学研究基地。     

Succession of mosses,liverworts and ferns on coarse woody debris,in relation to forest age and log decay in Tasmanian wet eucalypt forest

In managed forest landscapes, understanding successional processes is critical to management for sustainable biodiversity. Coarse woody debris is a key substrate for forest biodiversity, particularly because it undergoes complex succession reflecting the effects of changes in both forest structure and substrate characteristics. The present study used a chronosequence approach to investigate succession of mosses, liverworts and ferns on coarse woody debris following clearfell, burn, sow native forest silviculture in wet eucalypt forest in Tasmania, focussing on discriminating between the effects of forest age and log decay. It also compared successional processes following wildfire with those following clearfell, burn, sow silviculture. Forest regenerating after the latter form of regeneration showed clear ecological succession up to 43 years (the limit of available sites), characterised by increasing diversity and cover, and clearly delineated specialisation among species with regard to successional stage. Analyses of subsets of the full data-set indicated that the effects of forest age dominated this succession, with minimal effects of substrate change independent of forest age. Analysis of within forest microenvironments were consistent with the inference that microenvironmental changes related to forest age drive major successional changes in these forests. Comparative analysis indicated similarity between successional states in post-wildfire and post- clearfell, burn, sow regeneration after 43 years for logs of the same decay stages, and continuing succession on post-wildfire sites to at least 110 years. Overall, these data suggest that management to sustain fern and bryophyte diversity should ensure that areas of forest beyond 110 years are represented in the landscape at appropriate spatial scales.     

森林认证对生物多样性影响研究进展

维护森林生态系统的完整性,尤其是保护生物多样性是开展森林认证的重要目的之一。文中概述2大国际森林认证体系（FSC和PEFC）认证标准中有关生物多样性保护的要求,分析森林认证对生物多样性的影响,探讨现有认证标准与实现生物多样性保护之间的差距。分析表明,森林认证对生物多样性的保护具有积极作用,森林认证可作为促进生物多样性保护的有力工具;由于受到诸多因素的影响,在全球认证体系中生物多样性保护标准和指标的确立普遍缺乏科学数据支撑,不同区域差异较大,且生物多样性的监测和评估相对滞后。森林认证对全球森林资源的可持续发展具有重要的意义,生物多样性保护工作将成为推动森林认证持续发展的重要力量。     

Response of fungal and plant communities to management-induced overstorey changes in montane forests of the Western Carpathians

The effect of forest management on biodiversity is a crucial issue for sustainable forestry and nature conservation. However, the ways in which management affects macrofungal and plant communities and diversity of mountain temperate forests still remain poorly understood. We performed a random sampling stratified by stand age and stand type on the sites of temperate montane fir–beech forests. Diversity of macrofungi and the vascular plant understorey in beech- and spruce-dominated managed stands was investigated and compared to primeval forests located in the Po?ana Biosphere Reserve, Western Carpathians. Both the vascular plant and the macrofungal communities were altered by management, and the response of the macrofungal species (especially wood-inhabiting fungi) was more pronounced in terms of species composition change. Species turnover evaluation seems to be an important tool of forest natural status assessment, because alpha diversity did not change as much as species composition. Certain species of Carpathian primeval forests were confirmed as good indicators for natural forest change; others were proposed. Species pool and mean number of species per plot were the highest in unmanaged fir–beech forests, and species diversity significantly decreased in spruce plantations. The number of species decreased significantly due to the change of canopy tree species composition only in the macrofungal communities. As an outcome for forest management, we recommend keeping mixed forests involving all natural tree species and providing at least a minimal amount of dead wood necessary for wood-inhabiting organisms and leaving some area of unmanaged natural forests within complexes of managed stands.     

北京松山国家级自然保护区景观多样性遥感监测与评价

指出了北京松山国家级自然保护区是重要的森林型国家级自然保护区之一,主要保护天然油松林为主的暖温带森林生态系统。选用1991年TM及2009年北京一号小卫星影像,获取保护区景观类型信息,并通过对景观多样性评价指标的筛选、评价指标体系的构建以及评价方法的研究,从景观结构和景观干扰两方面进行景观多样性评价。本研究为我国自然保护区提供一种动态更新、长效实用的遥感监测思路,对自然保护区生物多样性保护具有重要参考意义。     

A review of the roles of forest canopy gaps

Treefall gap, canopy opening caused by the death of one or more trees, is the dominant form of disturbance in many forest systems worldwide. Gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to pre- serve bio- and pedo-diversity, influencing nutrient cycles, and maintain- ing the complex structure of the late-successional forests. Over the last 30 years, numerous reviews have been written describing gap dynamics. Here we synthesize current understanding on gap dynamics relating to tree regeneration with particular emphasis on gap characteristics consid- ered critical to develop ecologically sustainable forest management sys- tems and to conserve native biodiversity. Specifically, we addressed the question： how do gaps influence forest structure？ From the literature re- viewed, the size of gaps induces important changes in factors such as light intensity, soil humidity and soil biological properties that influence tree species regeneration and differ in gaps of different sizes. Shade- tolerant species can colonize small gaps; shade-intolerant species need large gaps for successful regeneration. Additionally, gap dynamics differ between temperate, boreal, and tropical forests, showing the importance of climate differences in driving forest regeneration. This review summa- rizes information of use to forest managers who design cutting regimes that mimic natural disturbances and who must consider forest structure, forest climate, and the role of natural disturbance in their designs.     

白水江国家级自然保护区高等植物多样性测定及保护研究

在白水江国家自然保护区综合考察的基础上,应用Shannon—Wiener变化度指数（H）、Pielou均匀度指数㈣和Simpson优势度指数（功测度群落内的多样性（α多样性）,用Sorensen指数（S1）、Jaccard指数（Cj）和Cody（βc）指数测试群落间的多样性（β多样性）结果表明：保护区由于海拔相差大和所处气候带的原因,仅多样性与β多样性均较低;保护区有野生种子植物136科、708属、1810种。各种温带分布的属共有540个之多,占总属数的70．77％,温带成分几乎包括了世界温带分布的所有木本属,反映出明显的温带性质。并针对存在的生境片断化、毁林开荒、森林不合理砍伐、森林旅游等威胁因素,提出了相应的保护措施。