文冠果人工种群的果实表型多样性及其变异

以文冠果果实为研究对象,调查了研究区内44株文冠果果实的19个表型性状,利用变异系数、方差分析和相关分析研究了调查区内文冠果人工种群的变异情况。方差和变异系数分析结果表明,研究区内文冠果果实表型性状差异都极显著,并在不同个体之间存在很大的变异幅度。其中,单株结果量和种子产量变异最大(变异系数大于76%),其次是单果质量、单果种质量和单果仁质量(变异系数约30%),再次是单果出种数和果柄长度(变异系数大于20%),而种子长、种子宽、种形比和心室数变异较小(变异系数低于10%),种仁出油率变异最小(变异系数6.13%);单株间丰产性差异明显,并具有一定的遗传稳定性。相关性分析结果表明,文冠果人工种群果实不同性状的相关性不一样并差异显著,其中果长、果宽、果质量、种质量、仁质量、种子长、出种数、出种率、千粒质量和果柄粗的相关性强,与多个性状呈显著相关,而果形比、出仁率、结果量和种子产量与个别性状呈显著相关,果实心室数和果柄长相关性最弱,与所有性状相关性不显著。     

文冠果雄性不育单株的发现

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)系无患子科文冠果属,其花为总状花序,杂性,花瓣五枚,白色,内基部具紫红色脉纹;花盘五裂,每裂具一橙色附属物着生于花瓣侧基部,雄蕊八枚,子房上位,可孕花雌蕊正常,雄蕊退化,不孕花则反之。一般仅顶生花序上部的花是可孕花,其下部及侧生花序上的花多为不孕花。     

甘肃定西文冠果人工种群的枝叶表型多样性研究

以甘肃定西文冠果人工种群的枝叶为主要研究对象,调查了试验区内59株文冠果枝叶的5个表型性状,利用方差分析和变异系数研究了文冠果枝叶在分布区内不同个体间、不同枝条部位间和不同新梢类型间的变异情况。结果表明:文冠果复叶表型性状在种群内不同个体之间差异极显著(P﹤0.01),且存在着较大的变异幅度,但各性状指标的变异幅度不一致,其变异系数大小依次为小叶长(18.70%)﹥小叶宽(17.96%)﹥复叶长(17.04%)﹥小叶对数(14.14%)﹥小叶数量(13.07%);在不同枝条部位间(顶复叶和侧复叶)复叶特征差异不大且规律不一致,只有小叶宽、小叶对数和小叶数量3个性状指标差异极显著(P﹤0.01);在不同新梢类型间(被毛枝条和无毛枝条)复叶特征差异也较大,除小叶对数差异不显著外(P﹥0.05),其余指标差异均显著(P﹤0.05)或极显著(P﹤0.01)。此外,文冠果新枝类型与植株的抗病虫能力密切相关,其中新枝朱红无毛的植株病虫害很轻,而新枝褐色有毛的植株病虫害非常严重,此特征可作为文冠果植株初步选优的基础。     

文冠果无性系花表型性状遗传变异分析

【目的】为文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolia花种质资源的利用及新品种的定向选育提供参考。【方法】以引种至盐城林场的23个文冠果无性系W1～W23为研究对象,通过比较其变异系数分析16个花表型性状的变异程度,包括株高、地径、冠幅、顶序长、顶序雌花数量、顶序雄花数量、顶序花蕾数量、顶序总花数量、红花型花色L值、黄花型花色L值、红花型花色a值、黄花型花色a值、红花型花色b值、黄花型花色b值、红花型花色C值、黄花型花色C值、W5S响应值、W1W响应值、W2W响应值,并采用Pearson相关系数评价各性状之间的相关关系,运用主成分分析、系统聚类法对各无性系进行综合评价和分类。【结果】参试无性系的14个花表型性状存在不同程度的变异,变异系数为9.62%～210.04%。共有5对指标间的相关性达到显著水平(P <0.05),14对指标间的相关性达到极显著水平(P <0.01)。选取冠幅、顶序长、顶序总花数量、红花型花色L值、红花型花色C值、黄花型花色L值、黄花型花色C值、W1W响应值、W2W响应值共9个重要评价指标进行主成分分析和聚类分析。通过主成分分析将9个指标简化为4...     

木本能源植物文冠果的表型多样性研究

以文冠果为研究对象,调查了14个分布区文冠果的15个表型性状,利用变异系数和巢式方差分析研究了分布区间和分布区内的变异情况;应用相关分析揭示了表型性状间及其与地理因子间的关系;运用聚类分析进行了分布区分类.结果表明,文冠果分布区内的变异大于分布区间的变异,分布区间的分化相对较小;出种数随经度的增大而减少,果宽随纬度的增大而增大,但随年平均气温的增大而减小,而其它13个性状随地理位置的改变没有特别明显的变化;表型性状的欧式距离与地理距离相关不显著.     

野生多花黄精种群表型变异研究

为了解不同种群野生多花黄精的表型变异规律,运用方差分析、变异系数分析、多重比较分析、相关分析、聚类分析等多种数理统计分析方法,对其全分布区选取的9个种群和12个表型指标进行了研究。结果表明:野生多花黄精的12个表型性状除果实横纵比外,在种群间和种群内均存在显著或极显著的差异;种群内的变异(36.24%)大于种群间的变异(15.37%),表型性状的平均分化系数为28.84%,种群内变异是野生多花黄精变异的主要来源;各表型性状的平均变异系数为12.16%,变异幅度范围为4.76%~23.63%,叶片数、全株叶面积、地径、株高、种子千粒重的变异系数分别为18.00%、23.63%、16.88%、16.14%、14.75%,表明种子的稳定性高于叶和茎。经度多数表型性状间呈显著或极显著负相关关系,随着经度的增加,叶片数、地径、株高、果实纵径和种子千粒重均呈现减小趋势;采用欧氏距离对9个野生种群进行聚类分析,可以将种群划分为3类,但表型性状的聚类并不随地理距离上的相聚而聚为一类。     

云南芒果栽培种质资源花性状的变异分析

采用形态学观测的方法,对124份芒果栽培种质的花序长等11个性状进行系统调查和遗传多样性分析。结果表明:在124份芒果种质中,绝大多数种质的花序着生位置是顶生花序和腋生花序共存,花序分枝级数以3级为主,花序形状大多是圆锥形,花序大多具短茸毛,花梗颜色以绿带红为主,花瓣颜色多为淡黄,花药颜色多为紫红,绝大多数芒果种质的花盘肿胀、浅裂,比子房宽大,芒果花序长度多为32~34 cm,花序宽度大多为25~27 cm,花直径大多为6.9~7.1 mm;变异分析发现,芒果花序长度和花序宽度的变异幅度相近,且大于芒果花直径的变异幅度;相关性分析表明,花序茸毛分别与花序形状和花序宽度呈显著相关,花序宽度和花序形状呈极显著相关,花序长度、花序宽度和花梗颜色三者呈极显著相关。研究显示,云南芒果种质资源的花性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,且部分性状间存在遗传连锁关系。     

贵州小果油茶表型多样性分析及综合评价

为探析贵州小果油茶Camellia meiocarpa主要分布区的小果油茶表型性状的差异及变异规律,利用Shannon-weaver多样性指数(H')、多重比较、变异系数对表型性状的多样性进行分析,采用隶属函数法与主成分分析相结合的方法对5个居群的32株小果油茶进行综合评价。结果表明:小果油茶19个描述型性状的多样性水平不同,花瓣颜色和子房绒毛为稳定遗传性状,其多样性指数均为0,其余17个性状的多样性指数在0.139 1～1.6159之间,平均为0.6572,以种子形状的多样性指数最大,叶基形状的较小。11个数值型性状的平均变异系数(CV)为22.66%,变异幅度为8.90%～42.25%,其中,果纵径、果横径、果形指数3个反映果实形态的性状变异系数较小,较为稳定;5个居群的平均变异系数从大到小分别为P2(26.16%) P1(23.65%) P5(23.24%)P4(20.81%) P3(19.43%),均具有较高的变异系数;居群间表型分化系数的平均值为58.79%,小果油茶表型变异在居群间的贡献率为58.79%,居群内的贡献率为41.21%,说明5个小果油茶居群在居群间和居群内都有一定程度的变异,多样性较高。主成分分析把11个表型性状归为6个主成分(累计贡献率为88.54%,反映出11个表型性状的大部分信息),依次为单果质量、果形指数、果皮厚度、花瓣数、柱头开裂数、花冠直径。表型性状的综合评价由综合得分值大小判定,排在前5位的分别是12号、1号、7号、10号、17号单株,来自黎平洪州的12号单株综合得分值最高(3.86),来自榕江忠诚的29号单株最低(-1.29)。5个居群的小果油茶表型多样性丰富,不同居群、不同单株的小果油茶性状存在差异,综合评价值可以为小果油茶种质资源评价提供参考。     

5个种源文冠果果实和种子表型性状变异分析

为了准确了解引种文冠果种源的性状变异情况,从而为文冠果良种的选育提供理论依据,对引种的5个种源文冠果果实和种子的表型性状进行了调查与统计,并对其变异情况进行了分析。结果表明:5个种源文冠果果实和种子的11个表型性状在种源间、种源内都存在着极显著差异;文冠果果实和种子11个表型性状的遗传变异系数为0.49%~25.70%,说明其表型性状的变异比较丰富;其中的单果鲜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、种子横径、种子纵径、单果籽粒数是文冠果果实和种子的6个重要经济性状指标,这6个性状指标与其他性状指标间有着不同程度的相关关系。     

厚叶木莲的种实性状及幼苗生长变异

为探究濒危植物厚叶木莲不同天然植株间种实和子代幼苗表型性状变异规律,促进厚叶木莲物种保护及种质资源保存,首先对云髻山自然保护区5个厚叶木莲单株的15个表型性状进行测量,其次对不同单株间种实和幼苗生长的差异进行分析,再次对各表型性状开展相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明：不同单株厚叶木莲15个表型性状平均变异系数为39.70%,其中每果种子数量的变异系数(95.24%)最大,种子长度变异系数(12.53%)最小。种实表型性状和幼苗生长性状存在显著差异,YJS03种实饱满、发芽早且发芽率高,幼苗生长情况表现更优;YJS05种子数量少,发芽慢且发芽率低; YJS04的表型多样性(33.31%)最高,YJS08的(15.48%)最低。果实表型性状两两呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),但与种子和幼苗无显著相关;种子千粒重、种子长度、种子厚度、种子发芽率四者总体上呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),苗高和地径与发芽率两两呈显著正相关(P<0.05);厚叶木莲种实和幼苗的15个表型性状可提炼为4个主成分。厚叶木莲在个体上存在较为丰富的表型变异,果实性状变异大于种子和幼苗生长性状;种子越大萌...     

Phenotypic variation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoebe bournei</Emphasis> populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P. bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations (34.92%) was greater than that within populations (26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77% among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance (CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%. The CV of leaf traits among populations (15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits (8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors. Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.     

Genetic evaluation of twenty seed sources of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Asparagus racemosus</Emphasis>

A field trial of 20 seed sources of Asparagus racemosus was conducted at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India to evaluate their performance of different economic traits. Genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) for number of shoots, shoot height, shoot weight, number of roots, root length, root diameter and root weight were calculated. Maximum genotypic and phenotypic variance was observed in shoot height among the shoot — related traits and root length among the root — related traits. For the shoot height, genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genotypic coefficient of variance, phenotypic coefficient of variance were 231.80, 3924.80, 61.26 and 1037.32, respectively, where those of the root length were 9.55, 16.80, 23.46 and 41.27, respectively. The maximum genetic advance and genetic gain were obtained for shoot height among the shoot-related traits and root length among the root-related traits. Index values were developed for all the seed sources based on the four most important traits, and Panthnagar (Uttrakhand), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Dehradun (Uttarakhand), Chandigarh (Punjab), Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) and Solan (Himachal Pradesh), were promising seed sources for root production.     

薄壳山核桃不同无性系开花物候特性观测和比较

对薄壳山核桃32个无性系的雌、雄花开花物候期和花量进行了观测和比较。结果表明:2011——2014年薄壳山核桃无性系开花物候期有所差异,但开花物候类型一致。2013年,供试的32个薄壳山核桃无性系整个花期持续时间为4月24日——5月21日。雄花花期持续时间为11 18 d,雌花花期持续时间为9 17 d;雌花最佳授粉期与雄花散粉盛期持续天数均为3 8 d。依据雌花与雄花开放的先后次序可以确定其中的16个无性系为雌先型,10个无性系为雄先型,6个无性系为同时型;并根据观测结果确定了其中86个可行的授粉组合。最佳的授粉配置方案为:将1号、5号、27号、29号、35号无性系作为马汉、28号、65号无性系的授粉配置无性系。32个薄壳山核桃无性系之间,雄花序长度无显著性差异,单枝雄花簇数、单个雄花序花粉囊数、单株雄花序总数、单枝雌花数、每簇雄花序数、单株雌花总数的差异均达到显著水平,总体变异幅度最大的是单株雄花序总数(变异系数为75.51%)。     

24个种源文冠果在新疆的生长结实性状分析

为了给文冠果优良单株选择和品种选育提供参考,以引进的24个文冠果种源为材料,在新疆石河子地区对文冠果生长结实性状进行变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。结果表明:在参试种源中,生长指标地径变异系数最大(21.9%),叶长变异系数最小(13.1%),结实性状中总果数变异最大(74.3%),种子纵径变异最小(14.3%)。单株产量与总果数、干果质量、种子横径、种子纵径呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),与鲜果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、小叶数呈显著正相关(P <0.05)。在主成分分析中,共提取3个主成分,累计贡献率达到86.053%。聚类分析结果显示,可将参试的24个种源分为5类。第1类为G-9种源,属于产量最高等级;第2类为坤156种源,处于较高产量水平;第3类为Q-2等种源,处于中等产量等级;第4类为G-23和建2种源,位于较低产量水平;第5类为BD-7等种源,位于最低产量水平。24个文冠果种源中以产量水平最低的第5类居多,产量水平差异较大。     

内蒙古地区文冠果种苗形态差异性研究

文冠果为我国重点发展的生物质能源树种。本试验对内蒙古西部地区8个样地种苗的7个表型性状进行差异分析,对全区16个样地种苗性状数据合并进行系统聚类分析,结果表明:(1)不同样地文冠果苗高、地径、主根长、复叶数、小叶数、发芽率和千粒重呈显著差异;(2)全区文冠果种苗性状聚为两类,W-B-R1970、W-T-R1970、W-Z-R1970、C-Z-T、C-Z-R1972、C-A-R1974、C-W-R1973和E-E-R2012、B-T-R2000、H-N-R1962、W-M-R2007、W-T-R2007、C-A-R2010、C-A-R2007、T-Z-R1977、X-Q-R1976各为一类。     

川西地区毛叶木姜子的表型多样性研究

[目的]通过对川西地区毛叶木姜子的表型性状调查,研究其表型变异程度和变异规律,探讨毛叶木姜子的表型特征,为川西地区毛叶木姜子种质资源的保存和利用、良种选育提供科学依据。[方法]在川西地区随机选取具有代表性的56株毛叶木姜子实生单株,对果实、叶片、种子等13个表型性状进行系统比较分析,采用变异系数、方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析等方法,探讨川西地区毛叶木姜子表型多样性。[结果](1)从变异系数和方差分析结果来看,试验区内毛叶木姜子表型性状间存在丰富的变异,且变异幅度大。其中,果实百粒质量的变异系数最大,为15.93%;果形指数的变异系数最小,为2.31%。(2)在相关分析中,各性状间不同程度地存在着极显著或显著的差异。(3)主成分分析显示,果实纵径、果实横径、果实百粒质量、种子纵径、种子横径、种子百粒质量是影响毛叶木姜子表型多样性的主导因子。[结论]毛叶木姜子表型性状变异丰富、变异程度各不相同;表型性状间具有协调发育的特点;果实纵径等6个性状是影响其表型多样性的主导因子。     

Phenotypic variation in thirteen native provenances of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz

Lespedeza bicolor Turcz is a native shrub in the temperate region of China. Thirteen provenances of L. bicolor were inves-tigated in our study. Morphological diversity among and within provenances were analyzed based on 19 phenotypic traits, including seven vegetative growth characteristics, nine floral traits and three pod characteristics. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 6.4% to 65.4% and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient from 43.3% to 97.3%. Analyses of variance showed that there were extremely significant variations among and within provenances in pod length. Differences in plant height, inter-nodal length, number of branches, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area were not remarkable among provenance, but distinct within provenances. Other traits showed evidence of contrasts. Variation among provenances was the main part of phenotypic variation. Correlation analysis indicated that there were highly significant positive correlations between plant height and other vegetative growth characteristics. Floral traits were not associated with vegetative growth characteristics. The 13 provenances of L. bicolor investigated can be classi-fied into three groups according to a UPGMA cluster analysis.     

Phenotypic variation in Phoebe bournei populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P.bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations(34.92%)was greater than that within populations(26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77%among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance(CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%.The CV of leaf traits among populations(15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits(8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors.Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.