透光抚育对“栽针保阔”红松林群落树种组成结构影响的研究

通过研究透光抚育对黑龙江省东部山区张广才岭不同坡位立地上“栽针保阔“红松林群落的影响,指出透光抚育是调节“栽针保阔“红松林群落树种组成结构及其种间关系的有效措施。     

不同抚育强度下的“栽针保阔”红松林群落结构与动态

采用样带网格调查法和分层株数法,研究了不同抚育强度的"栽针保阔"红松林群落结构及动态变化趋势,定量评价了不同抚育强度对其群落结构及动态的影响。结果表明:栽针保阔红松林群落的郁闭度由大到小,重要值增大(0.300～0.708),在群落中的优势地位上升;红松中径级林木比例增加,小径级林木比例减少;各群落总体上均呈现出向红松针阔混交林进展型演替趋势,但以中、低郁闭度群落演替趋势较好。     

透光抚育对张广才岭“栽针保阔”红松林群落植物多样性影响的研究

通过研究透光抚育对各坡位立地上的“栽针保阔“红松林群落的物种丰富度和多样性的影响,指出弱、中强度透光抚育有利于维持红松林群落的植物多样性。     

透光抚育对辽东山区“栽针保阔”红松林水文效应的影响

评价不同透光强度对"栽针保阔"红松林水源涵养功能的影响,为充实和完善"栽针保阔"经营体系提供理论依据。该文以不同透光抚育强度辽东山区"栽针保阔"红松林为研究对象,分析林地枯落物和土壤的水文特性,结果表明:中度透光抚育和全透光抚育林地枯落物储量分别高于对照(未栽红松)65.67%、28.49%,但全透光抚育与对照之间差异不显著(P0.05);枯落物最大持水量表现为中度透光全透光抚育对照;中度透光抚育的土壤容重显著低于其他两块样地(P0.05),最大持水量显著高于其它两个样地,分别为全透光抚育样地的1.46倍和对照的1.50倍。土壤的毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度,3块样地之间差异不显著(P0.05);3块样地表层土壤的初渗速率3.79～5.33 mm·min~(-1),稳渗速率1.00～2.75 mm·min~(-1),中度透光样地表层土壤的初渗速率和稳渗速率均明显高于对照,分别高出对照26.60%、175%。全透光样地初渗速率略低于对照,但其稳渗速率明显高于对照。从枯落物持水性能和土壤层的蓄水和渗透性能评价透光抚育对林分水源涵养功能的影响,认为中度透光抚育更有利于林分贮蓄降水,减少水土流失的产生。     

透光抚育对人天混红松林群落结构与生产力的影响

采用样带网格调查和群落重要值分析法,研究透光抚育对人天混红松林群落的树种组成结构、径级分布、蓄积量和红松蓄积生产力的影响效果。结果表明,沿由小到大的透光抚育强度,人天混群落中红松重要值依次增大,红松大径木比例依次增加,小径木比例依次减少,群落蓄积量波动型增加,红松蓄积生产力依次增加。     

龙江幼中龄林抚育中几个技术问题浅析

文章就透光抚育中如何栽针保阔,保留天然幼苗幼树,保留均匀密度和生长抚育中如何保留针阔叶树,选择采伐木,丛生树的去留,保留母树等几个技术问题,阐述发生偏差的原因,危害性及其解决办法。     

不同抚育强度的人天混红松林群落植物多样性

采用样带网格调查和多样性指数分析方法,研究了透光抚育(全透光、半透光、未透光)对人天混红松林群落植物多样性(丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度)的影响效果,并与天然次生林群落进行对比分析,定量评价了40年生人天混红松群落植物多样性的恢复效果。结果表明:全透光和半透光群落的物种丰富度较未透光群落增加了8.0%和24.0%,但较天然次生林群落却分别下降了18.2%~27.0%和6.1%~16.2%,半透光抚育更有利于该群落物种丰富度的恢复;全透光和半透光群落的物种多样性指数分别较未透光群落提高了3.38%和20.8%,与相应天然次生林群落的变化幅度分别为-8.70%~8.66%和6.69%~26.98%,也是以半透光抚育方式恢复效果好;全透光、半透光和未透光群落的物种均匀度相近(变化幅度在0.02%~10.7%之间),但三者与天然次生林群落有较大的差异性(变化幅度依次为-5.2%~18.2%、4.9%~30.8%和-5.2%~12.6%),半透光抚育群落物种均匀度最高。     

小兴安岭阔叶红松林林分结构与修复

小兴安岭阔叶红松林（Pinus koraiensis）是地带性顶极植被.本文以黑龙江丰林国家级自然保护区阔叶红松林为研究对象,系统分析小兴安岭阔叶红松林林分类型分布的斑块和年龄特征、垂直分布特征,论证郁闭度对红松群落数量、幼林生长群落的影响,阐述不同林分类型对红松天然更新的影响、上层林冠抚育对红松幼树的影响、上层林冠抚育强度对红松生长的影响.结果证明：透光抚育为红松提供了良好的生长空间,上层抚育可显著提高林冠下红松幼树的高生长、地径生长和保存率,提出了小兴安岭阔叶红松林生态修复的策略.     

辽东山区阔叶红松林恢复技术

恢复阔叶红松林是目前辽东山区科学经营次生林面临的首要任务。本项技术是经过30多年来对低产、低质、低效次生林改造,人工更新红松的定位试验与调查研究,总结出的一套行之有效的阔叶红松林恢复技术措施。包括次生林改造方法;幼林抚育、透光抚育及上层抚育的时间和方法;适宜针阔比例;抚育间伐间隔期、间伐强度、间伐木选择方法等主要技术指标。     

不同抚育强度对人天混红松林群落演替的影响

采用样带网格调查法和分层株数法,研究了不同抚育强度下人天混红松林群落的演替趋势。结果表明：未透光群落中红松和五角槭属于进展种群,花曲柳属于潜在稳定种群,而蒙古栎属于衰退种群;半透光群落中红松、水曲柳和假色槭属于潜在进展种群,花曲柳和五角槭属于稳定种群,而蒙古栎属于衰退种群;全透光群落中红松、花曲柳、五角槭和灯台树属于潜在进展种群,裂叶榆、青楷槭和花楷槭属于潜在稳定种群,而蒙古栎属于衰退种群。不同林分均呈现出进展演替趋势,都向着红松硬阔叶混交林方向发展。     

The natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

According to a great deal of field investigation and detailed indoor analysis, the natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest has been uncovered. The results show that the regeneration quantity and quality of Korean pine population under mountainous Poplar-birch forest and mountainous white birch forest are better than those under valley moss-grass White Birch forest and virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Korean pine population shows aggregated distribution, the mass-occurrence period of Korean pine population is behind the mass-occurrence period of Poplar-birch population. Various aged Korean pines growth is affected by different stand structure factors. Man-made lighting tending can accelerate the regeneration process and increase the regeneration quality of Korean pine population. It is feasible to set up regeneration recombination of upper layer White Birch and lower layer Korean pines.     

THE NATURAL REGENERATION PATTERN AND PROCESS OF KOREAN PINE POPULATION UNDER NATURAL POPLAR-BIRCH FOREST IN XIAOXING'AN MOUNTAINS

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基于“近自然林业”的红松林主要树种重要值的研究

以“近自然林业”为指导思想,对凉水自然保护区不同类型红松林主要树种的重要值进行了研究。结果表明：红松在天然林内并不占据优势地位;红松人工纯林内红松的重要值都很大,都大于同林分内的阔叶树主要树种的重要值之和;林隙透光抚育林内红松的重要值为107．98％,而其他几个阔叶树种色木、白桦、椴树和杨树的重要值相加为121．69％,主要树种中针叶树种和阔叶树种的比值接近1∶1,这种重要值的比率使整个林分的针阔比处于一种平衡的状态。     

东北地区阔叶红松林恢复的相关问题研究

东北林区现有林经营面临的首要任务是恢复阔叶红松林。栽针保阔是恢复阔叶红松林的科学理论,但还需时间的检验并不断完善。天保工程的实施为提高现有林生产力、恢复阔叶红松林提供了历史机遇,但在实施过程中还存在诸多问题,需要转变观念,正确认识。以近自然森林经营理论为指导,适当发展红松人工林具有重要意义,落叶松人工林可以通过人为诱导向阔叶红松林发展。传统意义上的封山育林不利于阔叶红松林的恢复,应由“封山”向“育林”转变。     

红松直播造林与植苗更新的对照试验

介绍了红松直播造林与植苗更新的试验方法。通过直播与植苗两种造林方式的对照分析,得出在天然次生林下直播红松是顺应自然的一种更新造林方法,它具有抗性强、免抚易管理的优点,与红松植苗相比既可做到免抚,又能降低生产成本,是加快恢复小兴安岭森林顶极群落--阔叶红松林行之有效的方法。     

泰顺县松类纯林改造技术研究

通过套种造林、封山育林、抚育改造等措施,将马尾松纯林改造成针阔混交林,以改变树种结构单一、地力日益衰退、病虫害逐年严重、林地灌木杂草丛生、火灾频繁发生、林分产量低下等状况。结果表明：在松林下套种阔叶树,可不同程度增加单位面积阔叶树数量,形成明显的层次结构,能充分利用林地中的营养空间,马尾松和阀叶树在各自不同层次生长范围...     

Diversity of higher plant in broad leaved Korean pine and secondary birch forests in Liangshui Natural Reserve

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Evaluation of regeneration potential of Pinus koraiensis in mixed pine-hardwood forests in the Xiao Xing’an Mountains, China

Large scale harvest of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) seeds as a food product in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest of northeastern China poses a serious threat to the sustainability and restoration of this endangered regional ecosystem.Seed collection over past decades greatly reduced the seed bank and subsequent seedling and sapling recruitment,and impacting a wide array of granivorous animals that rely on the pine seeds.We surveyed Korean pine seeds,including solid seeds(SS),insect consumed seeds(ICS) and other(animal) consumed(OCS) kernels,of the seed bank(forest floor and the top 10 cm of mineral soil),the seedlings and saplings from 1 m 2 sample plots in five forest types in Liangshui Nature Reserve(LNR) of the southern Xiao Xing’an Mountains in northeastern China to provide accurate information for assessing the Korean pine regeneration potential.The average number of pine seeds in the seed bank were 11.2 seeds/m 2,9.1 seeds/m 2,4.6 seeds/m 2,1.1 seeds/m 2,and 0.2 seeds/m 2 in Korean pine-basswood forest,mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,mixed conifer-hardwood forest,white birch forests,and oak forests,respectively.In the first three forest types,percentages of SS(potentially viable seeds) were 11.2%,3.5% and 27.8%,respectively.The percentages of ICS(not viable seeds) were consistent at around 35%.The higher but variable percentages of OCS(not viable seeds) indicated high seed predation in these forests.Compared with other studies,we recorded higher percentages of seed damage,probably due to our survey approach and the increased depth of seed bank sampled in our study.Depletion of pine seeds in the seed bank greatly reduced seedling and sapling recruitment.Densities of pine seedlings varied from about 180 trees/ha in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest to about 5,400 trees/ha in the mixed conifer-hardwood forests and showed a high degree of spatial variation.Saplings were rare in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,but ranged in the thousands in other forests.Large scale pine seed harvest has seriously threatened the sustainability of the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest ecosystem.Scaling down the seed harvest or supplemental planting of pine saplings are urgently needed to maintain the health of the existing Korean pine forests and to restore this endangered ecosystem.     

林火蔓延速率风因子模型适用性的研究

以红松人工林地表可燃物为材料,在实验室内的各级风速条件下,对火行为预测中争议较大的风因子预测模型进行了点烧实验及适用性分析,结果表明,风速在0.9~4.6 m/s时,现有风因子模型对红松林下可燃物而言,只有个别较为适用,其中含可燃物属性的复杂模型(Rothermel模型)适用性较强。     

天然红松林结实与林分因子的关系

本文通过对天然红松林分的调查,掌握了天然红松的结实量和年龄、林分疏密度及和不同林分类型的关系,同时也掌握了红松果实的质量和不同林分类型的关系,对今后天然红松林经营起到一定的作用.