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试论海南岛森林生物多样性及其保护 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海南岛占中国热带面积的65%,为一独立的海岛型热带地理单元。计有高等植物4200多种,其中海南岛特有的高等植物630多种,国家保护植物50种,已知陆生脊椎动物561种,其中兽类80多种,鸟类344种,两栖类40多种,国家保护动物134种;还有一大批人工驯化的珍稀动植物种类;植被和动物区系类型丰富而复杂、其中森林植被义是生物多样性的主体和依托。森林生物多样性保护应从加强自然保护区管理与建设,建立示范区、天然林优化封育、珍稀植物及动物迁地保护、法制与环境教育、扶持贫困等方面展开,建立有效的生物多样性保护体系。 相似文献
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海南岛石灰岩分布少,只占全岛陆地面积的3.5%,其中发育出典型喀斯特植被生境的主要分布在昌化江流域的俄贤岭、猴猕岭等地区,及本岛南部保亭、三亚与五指山交界的马嘴岭、毛感等地区.以上地区的石灰岩植被保存相对完整,部分地区还分布有原始热带雨林,其余基本为热带次生天然林.过去由于没有专门深入地了解其重要性,海南石灰岩森林多年来一直被忽略.但近几年研究显示这种独特的生境孕育了丰富的生物多样性,包括一些石灰岩生境特有物种.海南为中国唯一的热带省份,保护海南石灰岩生境与生物多样性因此有非常重要的保育意义;文中初步介绍了海南石灰岩生境与生物多样性保育已开展的工作和取得的成绩,并提出了一些保护管理工作面临的问题和困难. 相似文献
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海南岛为我国热带森林宝库,总面积5115万亩,森林资源丰富,有山地热带常绿林、沟谷热带雨林、山地雨林等,热带森林对保水蓄水、保土保肥起显著作用,它能充分发挥热带资源优势与生产潜力。但是,由于多年来的人为破坏,森林面积逐渐减小,经过30多年来的开发利用和乱砍滥伐,热带天然林由解放初期的1295万亩减少到360万亩,森林覆盖率仅剩7.2%,导致全岛生态失调和水土流失,这是值得注意的一个重大问题。 相似文献
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近年来关于如何合理地开发利用海南岛的自然资源,具体一点就是发展林业和橡胶的关系问题,争论很多。诸如森林的作用;林胶价值比较;热作发展和林业规划设想等,很多材料已作了详细的阐述,这里不再赘述了,只在如何发展林业生产及其有关的主要问题,谈几点不成熟的意见供参考。一、现有林的保护问题根据1979年森林资源连续清查材料,海南岛热带天然林(包括原始林和次生林)有608.4万亩(其中农垦122.4万亩),占全岛总面积的11.9%;蓄积量为5932万立方米(农垦872万立方米)。覆被率比解放初期减少了13.8%,蓄积量下降40%以上。森林植 相似文献
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林业在海南建设生态省中的地位与作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述海南热带森林是保存生物物种多样性的基因库,也是保护生态环境的重要屏障,林业既是一项经济产业又是一项社会公益事业,它对保护人类的生存环境发挥着不可估量的社会效益、生态效益和经济效益,发展林业是海南建设生态省的关键基础工程。 相似文献
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中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所林业研究所联合课题组 《林业科学研究》1988,(3):241-251
本文系1979—1986年采用本底调查、小区实验和定位观测等方法对海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统进行多学科综合研究的总报告。本报告共分7部分:世界热带北缘的丰富的生物基因库;生态系列研究;热带林水热状况;热带林物质循环;游耕农业生态后果;热带林采伐后的更新与演替。长期本底调查查明本区有植物1668种,隶属 198科798属;已知昆虫26目 4000余种,已知大型真菌260种。对由海滨至主峰的滨海有刺灌丛、稀树草原、半落叶季雨林、常绿季雨林、山地雨林,山顶苔藓矮林所构成的生态系列进行了组成、结构、土壤、林分生长等特征及其形成的自然地理环境进行了综合性比较研究。 相似文献
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Currently, the one of great threats to tropical biodiversity is the conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture, and this threat is particularly critical on Hainan, the largest tropical island in China and a global biodiversity hotspot. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) has been planted on Hainan since the 1950s, resulting in extensive replacement of native forest, and the rate of this transformation has increased with latex prices since the 1990s. Rubber plantations now cover ca. 506,680 ha on Hainan and reach ca 1,000 m in elevation. To investigate the effect of this land-use change, we compared avian communities between a rubber plantation and a native secondary semi-deciduous monsoon forest. We found that species richness was higher in the native forest than in rubber, and that community composition differed greatly between the two habitats. No strict frugivores were recorded in rubber and no granivores in semi-deciduous monsoon forest. In both richness and abundance, more nectarivores and fewer insectivores occurred in rubber than in the native forest. Some common forest species, as well as protected species, were found only in native forest, including Hainan Partridge (Arborophila ardens), Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), Black-browed Barbet (Megalaima oorti), Blue-rumped Pitta (Pitta soror), Puff-throated Bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus), and Chestnut Bulbul (Hemixos castanonotus). Although ten babbler species were found in the native forest, only two were in rubber. Among the species missing in rubber was the endemic Hainan species Grey Laughingthrush (Garrulax maesi). Its endangerment through habitat conversion is of particular conservation concern. 相似文献
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Decades of deforestation and over logging have created large expanses of degraded lands in many countries including Vietnam. Reforestation may offer one means of mitigating these processes of degradation while sustaining biodiversity conservation. However a lack of information regarding trees, in particular threatened tree species has been identified as an important limitation in being able to reforest for biodiversity conservation. In the current study, conducted in the Tan Phu “protection forest”, the investigation surrounds the feasibility of biodiversity restoration in a fast-growing plantation after logging. Twelve threatened and native species mainly belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae and Fabaceae families have been considered. Seedlings grown in a local nursery have been planted under the canopy of a 50 ha pioneer forest, with a distance of 5 m between plants and between rows. The experimental design consists of blocks, each one with a replication of a 16-tree plot for each species. Four years after plantation, the survival rate of seedlings is high (>70 %), except for Dipterocarpus costatus (<10 %). Growth shows possible inhibitions under a closed canopy but the mean annual increment is generally satisfactory. The early performance of the seedlings is promising to make this plantation a good example of biodiversity restoration. These results could enhance the reforestation efforts of forest managers and encourage them to use native tree species including threatened ones in order to restore a high level of biodiversity in tropical degraded forests. 相似文献
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海南霸王岭热带山地雨林林隙幼苗库动态规律研究 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
分析了海南岛霸王岭自然保护区热带山地雨林林隙内树种的种类组成、数量动态以及林隙年龄和林隙面积对树种组成及数量的影响。结果表明 :热带山地雨林林隙树种组成十分复杂 ,数量分布极不均匀 ,种间差异较大 ,2 7个林隙中共有乔木 116种 ,其中数量较多的 10个种的个体数量占到总个体数量的 4 7 0 3% ,而个体数量较少的 5 8个种的个体数仅占总个体数的 6 0 2 %。林隙面积大小对树种幼苗的种类组成和数量有较大影响 ,幼苗种密度和个体密度随林隙面积的增大而减小 ;幼树和成树在不同大小林隙中的种密度和个体密度变化不大。成熟林隙明显比早期林隙和中等年龄林隙有较大的幼苗个体密度和种密度 ,不同年龄林隙内幼树和成树的个体密度变化也不大。幼苗向幼树的转化率在大林隙和成熟林隙内明显高于小林隙和幼龄林隙。依据林隙树木幼苗数量变化的差异 ,可将林隙填充者分为 4种不同类型。 相似文献
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