树木径向生长对气候的响应研究进展

随着我国树木年轮学的发展,针叶乔木、阔叶乔木和灌木越来越多树种被应用于树轮-气候响应研究,使得研究区也延伸到了森林以外的区域。本文收集和梳理了我国学者发表的关于树木径向生长对气候响应的研究,从不同角度论述了树木径向生长对气候响应的复杂性,并对未来树轮-气候响应研究进行展望。在气候变暖的背景下,环境的强烈变化让树木生长对气候的响应变得更加复杂,为了更准确地评估未来气候变化情景下外界环境对树木生长的影响及不断拓展我国树木年轮学的研究范围,我国的树木年轮学应继续探索更多的适宜树种,不断完善我国树木年轮资料库,充分发挥树木年轮学在应对未来气候变化和森林生态保护的应用潜力和科研价值。     

中美城市树木碳储存的现状对比研究

本文采用对比研究的方法,对中美城市树木的碳储存和碳封存状况进行比较,结果显示我国的主要城市树木平均碳储量高于美国,单位面积碳储量平均值低于美国,揭示了研究城市树木的碳储存和碳封存具有重要的现实意义,为我国进一步提升城市的生态环境以及城市树木的种植提供了有益思路。本文建议:在进行城市树木补植补造的同时,重视树木种类的选择和气候条件;加大城市绿化的投入力度,加强植被复层结构的管理;加强体制和机制的建设,关注城市树木的种植和养护。     

基于树木径向生长仪监测高寒地区树木生长和水分利用的研究进展

文中综述了树木径向生长仪监测数据的处理和分析方法,重点对基于树木径向生长仪监测高寒森林生态系统树木生长和水分利用的研究进行了总结归纳,指出目前在探索高纬度北方森林树轮宽度对夏季温度敏感性下降原因的过程中仍缺乏普遍的机制解释,而这一普遍机制可能与高寒地区树轮形成的年内季节动态特征有关。另外,尽管树木径向生长仪能够反映高寒地区的树木水分利用状况,但高寒地区树木水分利用对气候变化的响应仍不清楚。基于目前的研究现状,建议未来加强几个方面的研究,即考虑高寒地区树木径向生长的季节动态特征对树木生长与环境因子关系的潜在影响,加强与其他监测手段的比较研究,开展与生态系统水平观测指标的关联分析。     

台风灾害下城市园林树木应急管理体系探讨

我国东南沿海城市园林树木每年因台风灾害受到严重损害,因此科学高效地解除因园林树木受损产生的灾情具有重要的现实意义。通过总结广州市城市绿化抢险队多年组织实施园林绿化抢险的工作经验,从非台风季城市园林树木的养护管理与风险评估,台风季的园林绿化灾情评估、分级与抢险方式,灾后树木复壮、补种及园林废弃物处理,应急管理机构的职能、抢险流程及日常演练,多角度探讨了台风灾害下城市园林树木应急抢险管理体系的建立。     

基于可持续理念的新型城市树木栽植技术——SiIvaCell系统技术

城市树木被认为是绿色基础设施的重要组成部分，也是实现“城市森林”的主要手段和内容。SiIvaCeII系统作为美国新型城市树木栽植技术，主要解决城市硬质空间与树木生长之间的矛盾，实现城市树木的健康生长。文章在分析了城市树木价值和生长现状的基础上，就silvaCell系统的构成、技术优势、设计原则和施工应用作了重点介绍。     

城市树木养护与树艺学:欧美的做法及启示

城市树木是绿色基础设施的基本组成,是城市林业建设的基础,树木的管护水平决定了城市树木的生存质量。欧美城市树木养护和管理方面已形成专门的职业技术体系,并产生了树艺学(Arboriculture)学科。文中通过文献分析和研究,对欧美城市树木管理的教育、职业资格认证、职业要求情况进行总结分析,指出我国在城市树木管护方面应拓宽职业技术渠道,促进学科专业化发展;同时,要加强鼓励市民参与树木管理监督,扩大树木工作者权利范围,增加树木风险评估内容,规范职业资格认证与加强培训。     

树木年轮分析方法在气候变化对森林影响研究中的应用

树木生长和立地环境密切相关并受气候变化的影响,树木年轮宽度、密度及稳定同位素等作为反应气候与环境变化的重要参数指标,已被广大生态学家所重视并应用。文章总结了几种主要的树木年轮分析方法及在气候变化中的应用,着重探讨了气候变化对树木年轮结构的影响,以及树木年轮分析森林干扰研究中的应用,并对未来全球变化中的树木年轮研究的前景做了简要的分析。     

保定市城市森林的树木种类组成及其构成特征

为了解保定市城市森林的树木种类组成及其构成特征,对其城市森林6种类型的树木进行了抽样调查.结果表明:组成保定市城市森林的树木种类共有35科65属98种,其中本地种39种,引进种59种;树种属的区系地理成分以北温带成分为主,占其总属数的40.32 %;其城市森林6种类型组成树木种类的多少从大到小依次为居民区林、企事业单位林、风景林、公用林、行道树、防护林;企事业单位林和居民区林的树种多样性最高,防护林的树种多样性最低.     

城市森林是城市生态发展的必然趋势

城市森林是随着我国城市化加速发展带来的环境问题而兴起的。城市森林包括公园、花园、植物园、动物园、城市街道树木、机关庭院树木、绿地、郊区森林、风景区等。     

臭氧胁迫对树木根系影响研究进展

对流层中高浓度的臭氧是一种严重危害植物的大气污染物,臭氧浓度的升高会对农作物、林木等产生一系列的损害。根系是树木生存的基本要素,臭氧对根结构的根本性改变会最终影响根功能,从而影响树木的整体健康以及对环境胁迫的抗性,通过综述臭氧胁迫对森林树木根系影响的研究进展,可以为我国学者进一步了解臭氧对森林树木根系生态影响提供科学素材。有关大气臭氧浓度升高对森林树木根系生态的影响,目前研究主要包括森林树木根系生长、细根动态和周转、根系呼吸、根系碳水化合物、菌根、根际微生物的响应变化等几个方面。臭氧对树木根系的影响与臭氧浓度、树种、树龄、群落组成及种植条件相关。目前有关臭氧胁迫对树木根系的机制研究还比较缺乏,今后应该加强臭氧胁迫下根系形态构型的原位观察测定和定量分析研究,内源激素响应,胁迫信号感受、转导与其它信号途径的互作关系以及分子生物学机制方面的研究。     

Analysis on Application of Greening Trees in Typical Cities： Case Studies in Harbin and Hefei

1INTRODUCTIONTreesconstitutethemainpartofurbanforest.Differenttreespecieshasdifferentecologicalandlandscapefunctionsinshading,sterilizing,absorbingdustandbeautifyingtheenvironment.Moreover,thewholefunctionsofdifferenturbanforesttypescomposedofmanydifferenttreespecies,shrubsandherbagesaredifferent(PengZhenhua,2002;WangCheng,2002;WangCheng,etal,2002).Therefore,thelevelofstability,themagnitudeoffunctionalityandtherepresentationofsectionalcharacteristicareallcloselyrelatedwiththeselectionan…     

Determinants of floodplain forest development illustrated by the example of the floodplain forest in the District of Leipzig

This paper discusses determinants of the historical and current spatial extent of the floodplain forest in Leipzig as well as its tree species composition using a GIS-data based delineation model and historical forest inventories for the floodplain forest in the district of Leipzig in Germany from the 19th to the 20th century. We found that the spatial extent of the floodplain forest remained considerably stable in spite of an overall decline in the entire floodplain area from the period where the city first experienced industrialisation in the 19th century to now. However, with river regulations and the alteration of forest management from coppice-with-standards forest to high forest in the 19th century, major changes can be found in the tree species composition of the floodplain forest. Comparing these findings with references from other European floodplain forests we discuss the impact of historical and current forest management as well as the city location's influence on the extent and tree species composition of urban floodplain forests. For urban forest management in particular there is a great need to integrate biophysical, historical and forestry knowledge when predicting future developmental trends.     

Changing patterns in insect pests on trees in The Netherlands since 1946 in relation to human induced habitat changes and climate factors—An analysis of historical data

In The Netherlands, insect pests on trees and shrubs are being monitored continuously since 1946. During these years, almost all insect pest populations showed marked changes, which may be the result of changes in forest management, shifts in forest composition, climate change and the arrival of new pests from the Mediterranean region or from other continents. In order to generate hypothesis about possible relationships between species ecology and environmental factors, we have analyzed 61 years of population development of the 98 most abundant species in the database while paying attention to life history traits and preferred host plants. The 22 species with infestations lasting a few years only were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 76 species, 18 were present over the entire observation period of 61 years. Of the other species, 27 showed a decline and 31 showed an increase. On coniferous trees most species showed decreasing populations. Increasing populations were found most on deciduous trees. Not directly climate-related factors such as changes in forest age, tree composition and forest management were identified as the most important causes for the fluctuations in pest insect populations. Climate change is a possible driver of the population increase in Thaumetopoea processionea, Haematoloma dorsatum and of the population decrease in Euproctis chrysorrhoea. The recently increasing exotic species Eupulvinaria hydrangeae and Pulvinaria regalis were exclusively found on trees in cities, presumably in relation to the higher temperatures of the urban habitat.     

Temperature sensitivity and recruitment dynamics of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in northern Mongolia’s boreal forest

This study sought to clarify the recruitment dynamics and growth of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in relation to changing temperatures in northern Mongolia. These tree species are the primary forest species found in the closed-canopy boreal forest of north-central Mongolia. Mongolia’s boreal forests exist along the southern terminus of the Siberian boreal system in both pure and mixed species stands. I collected tree cores and cross-sections as well as site and tree stature parameters from 118 forest plots in the Darhad valley of north-central Mongolia. Principle components analysis of 130 L. sibirica tree ring series informed the construction of two composite chronologies for this species. A chronology for P. obovata was developed using 24 tree ring series. Correlation analysis between tree ring indices and temperature data showed two distinct growth signals: a positive response to growing season temperatures was exhibited by one L. sibirica chronology and a negative response to spring temperatures was exhibited by a second L. sibirica chronology. The P. obovata chronology exhibited strong negative correlations with mean monthly and mean maximum monthly growing season temperatures. Multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicated that tree stature (dbh, height) and site parameters (latitude, longitude, slope, aspect, elevation) did not significantly predict growth response or species. Forest recruitment events appear episodic for both species. Synchronous establishment of saplings, based on approximate root collar age, suggests an initial floristic model for mixed composition stands likely due to supra-annual variations of fire, land-use and climate. Forest management activities in the region should consider the diverging growth response to temperature shown here by prioritizing protection forests and the various ecosystem services provided by forests in arid ecosystems. In addition, promoting selection harvests over clear-felling would maximize future alternatives under conditions of rapidly changing climate. Care should be taken in new forest management planning activities until adequate information exists on the likely trajectory of this system due to climate-induced forest change.     

西北干旱区气候特点及城市树种选择

文章针对西北干旱区特殊的地域性气候特征,提出了城市森林建设在抑制风沙活动、改善人居环境舒适性及实现城市水盐动态平衡等方面的对策,并对适于该区域城市林建设的主要树种进行了简要的评述,可供干旱区城市林建设提供参考。       

成都市双流县东升镇新城区中心绿带城市森林营建模式及树种选择研究

城市森林生态、景观、经济和社会等功能的发挥依赖于其营建模式及树种的选择。本文以成都市双流县东升镇新城区中心绿带为例,在分析以乡土树种为主的常用绿化植物材料生态生理特性的基础上,探讨了在成都市新建城区内适用的城市森林营建模式及树种的选择。通过研究,得出了四种适用于成都市双流县新城区中心绿带城市森林的营建模式,并建立了相应的树种选择评价指标体系,科学地对植物材料进行了选择。     

福州市行道树种综合评价与分级选择

城市绿化树种的选择与评价是城市美化与建设的关键,直接影响着城市绿地系统生态效益与综合功能的发挥。本研究在广泛调查的基础上,建立了由7个抗性功能指标、6个生态功能指标、5个美学性能指标、3个经济性能指标组成的城市行道树种综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法及模糊综合评价法对福州27种主要行道树种进行综合评价,并运用最优分割分级法对参评树种进行分级,评价分级结果显示与福州市行道树种选择有着较高的一致性,从而为城市园林绿化树种的选择和应用提供科学依据。       

关于我国城市绿化树种植被选择的思考

树种选择是城市森林建设中的一个根本性、战略性问题。针对我国城市绿化树种选择和管理中存在的问题,结合我国城市绿化发展特征、环境特点、生态文化和绿色需求,本文从树种立地适应性、生态服务价值、卫生保健功能、安全防护需求和特色文化传承等多个方面系统阐述了城市绿化建设中的树种选择策略。       

马鞍山市不同城市森林类型树种组成及多样性

我国已进入城市化高速发展阶段,在城市人口迅速增加、城市规模不断扩大的同时,人们对人居环境质量特别是对城市自然环境的要求愈来愈高.     

Species Composition, Distribution and Management of Trees in Rice Paddy Fields in Central Lao, PDR

Presence of different types of trees dispersed singly or in small groups throughout the fields is a very common feature in the extensive rice paddies of Laos and Thailand. Factors such as land-settlement history, proximity to forest, and role of species in the local culture are known to influence the nature and distribution of tree species so retained. The extent of influence of these factors on tree-species composition and distribution in rice paddies was investigated in three villages in Central Laos: Dongmakngeo, a newly established village with an abundance of adjacent forest; Bak, an old village with adjacent forest; and Nakhou, an old village without any adjacent forest. At Dongmakngeo village, 23 species, mostly remnants from the original forest, were observed in paddy fields. At Bak village, few trees were found in the paddy fields because villagers had ample access to resources in the surrounding large forest. On the other hand, 119 species, 27 of which were planted, were recorded at the forest-deprived Nakhou village; the scarcity of forest resources at Nakhou was compensated for by the utilization and management of trees located among the fields, resulting in tree species changing from remnant to ruderal over time. Thus, our results demonstrate that the pattern of tree distribution and species composition in paddy landscapes is not uniform, but varies in relation to settlement history, topography, and human management. This has important implications for setting both landscape-level land-use management plans and local tree management policies for achieving sustainable tropical paddy-dominated agro-silvicultural systems.