密度对毛竹生长的影响

本文以崇阳县毛竹为研究对象,在4种密度(1 300±100株·hm~(-2)(D1)、1 900±100株·hm~(-2)(D2)、2 500±100株·hm~(-2)(D3)及3 100±100株·hm~(-2)(D4))毛竹林分内对其主要生长因子进行了实地调查以研究毛竹林分密度效应。结果表明,虽然密度对退笋率影响不显著,但对毛竹的出笋率和成竹率有显著影响,二者都呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。毛竹林叶面积指数随林分密度的增大而增大(3.18~7.10),不同密度毛竹叶面积指数之间的差异极显著。毛竹林分平均胸径在10.75~11.75 cm,不同密度毛竹胸径之间的差异极显著。毛竹林分平均竹高在12.96~13.33 m,不同密度毛竹竹高之间的差异不显著。株数按径级分布与株数按树高级分布均符合正态分布。     

毛竹生长动态模拟预测新模型

本文以影响毛竹生长的6个主要气象因子为输入变量，以毛竹平均胸径为输出变量，首次运用人工神经网络方法建立毛竹生长动态模拟预测模型。结果表明：该模型模拟精度高达93．91％，从而为人工神经网络方法的应用和毛竹科学研究开辟新的思路。     

基于森林资源清查的四川毛竹林生物量模型研究

竹林是森林生态系统中一个不容忽视的碳汇,通过模型预测竹林生物量对竹林碳汇功能具有重要意义。文章基于四川多期森林资源清查毛竹信息、生物量实测数据对四川毛竹林生物量模型进行了研究。结果表明:单株毛竹生物量主要集中在地上部分,且随毛竹粗度增加而增加,而眉径对单株毛竹生物量具有决定性的影响。眉径与单株毛竹竹杆、竹根生物量预估最优模型为二次项函数,与竹枝、竹叶生物量预估最优模型为幂函数。毛竹林密度与毛竹林单位面积生物量预估最优模型为幂函数。     

散生杉木对毛竹空间分布和胸径的影响

分别以14棵自然生长在毛竹林中的散生杉木为中心,调查16 m范围内毛竹的胸径以及杉木的胸径、冠幅和杉竹间距。以立地为随机效应,建立毛竹胸径与竹杉间距及杉木胸径关系的线性混合模型;采用O函数结合不同零模型分析杉木对周围毛竹的竞争。结果表明:不论样地是否施肥,杉木显著减少4 m范围内立竹密度,但不影响4 m以外毛竹的分布。竹林内散生杉木对其附近新竹生发具有竞争抑制作用,且不因施肥而缓解。     

不同马尾松散生木密度对毛竹生长的影响

采用随机区组试验设计法分析不同马尾松散生木密度对毛竹生长的影响,结果表明：不同马尾松散生木密度之间的毛竹出笋数与新竹平均胸径差异显著,马尾松散生木密度为100株.hm-2时毛竹生长情况最好,其经济效益也最好。     

Conb－Douglas生产函数在林业方面应用初探

本文通过对Ｃｏｎｂ－Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ生产函数的数学分析，并结合杉木、毛竹的密度效应模型和产量模型为例，对其进行弹性分析和边际产量分析。提出该函数在林业上的应用。为我们的营林工作提出现实的指导意义。     

Conb—Douglas生产函数在林业方面应用初探

本文通过对Ｃｏｎｂ－Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ生产函数的数学分析，并结合杉木、毛竹的密度效应模型和产量模型为例，对其进行弹性分析和边际产量分析。提出该函数在林业上的应用。为我们的营林工作提出现实的指导意义。     

I－69杨胶合板用材林密度及立地效应研究

以胶合板材为培育目标，研究了Ｉ－６９杨胶合板用材林平均单株材积与造林密度和优势高的关系。分别不同林龄（６～１１ａ）建立了平均单株材积与造林密度及优势高的模型Ｖ＝ａ０Ｎａ１Ｈａ２０，通过生产弹性分析、边际产量分析，研究了密度效应及优势高效应，计算出了不同林龄林分的生产弹性值和边际产量，并且根据立地及密度效应模型研究了造林密度、林龄、立地指数对林分蓄积的影响。认为在长江中、下游地区营造Ｉ－６９杨胶合板用材林密度应适当减小，选择造林地时以立地指数大于等于２０ｍ林地为佳。     

安徽霍山毛竹林生产力及其土壤养分的特点

为了研究安徽霍山地区不同立地条件下毛竹林地土壤肥力与生产力的相关性,对该地区毛竹盛产地大化坪镇和佛子岭镇的天然毛竹林进行了调查.结果表明:霍山地区毛竹的平均胸径为10.74 cm,平均树高为14.46 m,立竹度为0.26,平均胸高断面积为20.36 m~2·hm~-2,林分平均密度为2 496.87株·hm~-2;各...     

不同密度萌生杉木与毛竹混交生长研究

通过在福建省清流国有林场2011年春季在杉木林采伐迹地上营造毛竹丰产林,同时保留不同密度萌生杉木与毛竹进行混交试验,初步探讨总结了不同密度萌生杉木与毛竹进行混交培育经营技术,试验结果表明:留用525~675株/hm2的萌生杉木幼树与毛竹混交对毛竹新竹数量增长,平均胸径增大变化的影响最佳。为拓展毛竹林的培育,促进毛竹林的生长,提高林农收入提供较好的经验。     

钢渣肥在毛竹林经营中的肥效研究

对2种林分密度（低密度、高密度）、3种施肥处理（尿素、生物有机肥和钢渣肥）的毛竹胸径、新竹生长状况、相对增长产量进行研究,以确定钢渣肥能否替代复合肥和生物有机肥。结果表明：3种不同施肥处理间新竹株数、胸径以及产量均无明显差异;在不同密度条件下,新竹株数与产量同样没有产生明显差异,而对于平均胸径则为低密度林分明显高于高密度林分（P=0.041<0.05）。3种不同施肥处理并未对毛竹相对增产量产生显著差异（P=0.138>0.05）;在试验所设的2种密度中,低密度毛竹林相对增长产量显著高于高密度毛竹林（P=0.023<0.05）。基于钢渣肥较低的成本,在生产上可以用其取代尿素和生物有机肥,以提高竹林经营效益。     

工艺利用紫竹林分生长的立地条件研究

通过对云南省大河镇工艺利用紫竹林分立地条件进行调查分析研究,结果表明:(1)工艺利用紫竹林分的立竹度在不同的坡向表现出从阳坡向阴坡逐渐增大趋势,枝下高和高度较大的主要集中在半阳和半阴两个坡向;(2)工艺利用紫竹林分随着土层厚度的增加,立竹度呈减少的趋势,而紫竹的立竹度、平均胸径和枝下高从沙、轻、中壤和重壤的不同土壤质地表现出逐渐增大的趋势;(3)在四旁地栽植工艺利用紫竹林的立竹度、平均胸径、枝下高和分株全高都大于林地植株。     

Crown radius of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) depending on stem size,stand density and site productivity

Crown size is a good indicator of the growth potential of trees and is often used in forest management for outlining thinning guidelines or constructing forest growth models. The aim of this study was to analyse mean crown radius as a function of stem size, stand density and site productivity in even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Data included measurements of 620 trees from 53 plots in nine thinning experiments and one operational stand in Sweden, Denmark and Great Britain, representing a wide spectrum of thinning practices ranging from the strictly unthinned control to extremely heavy thinning with essentially solitary trees. Three sets of models were constructed based on different predictor variables, including indicators of individual stem size (diameter at breast height, DBH), stand density/thinning grade (quadratic mean diameter and stand basal area) and site productivity (stand top height). Preliminary results indicated a significant effect of DBH and (nominal) thinning grade on crown radius. The response pattern of the final models indicated an increasing crown radius with increasing DBH, with increasing thinning grade (decreasing stand density) and with decreasing site productivity. The models are valid for predicting the crown radius of pedunculate oak in even-aged forest stands.     

Variation in individual biomass decreases faster than mean biomass with increasing density of bamboo stands

The total biomass of a stand is an indicator of stand productivity and is closely related to the density of plants. According to the self-thinning law, mean individual biomass follows a negative power law with plant density. If the variance of individual biomass is constant, we can expect increased stand productivity with increasing plant density. However, Taylor's power law(TPL) that relates the variance and the mean of many biological measures(e.g. bilateral areal differences of a leaf, plant biomass atdifferent times, developmental rates at different temperatures, population densities on different spatial or temporal scales), affects the estimate of stand productivity when it is defined as the total biomass of large plants in a stand.Because the variance of individual biomass decreases faster than mean individual biomass, differences in individual biomass decline with increasing density, leading to more homogeneous timbers of greater economic value. We tested whether TPL in plant biomass holds for different species and whether the variance of individual biomass changes faster than the mean with increasing stand density.The height, ground diameter and fresh weight of 50 bamboo species were measured in 50 stands ranging from 1 m by 1 m to 30 m by 30 m to ensure more than 150 bamboos in every stand. We separately examined TPL in height,ground diameter, and weight, and found that TPL holds for all three biological measures, with the relationship strongest for weight. Using analysis of covariance to compare the regression slopes of logarithmic mean and variance against the logarithm of density, we found that the variance in individual biomass declined faster than the mean with increasing density. This suggests that dense planting reduced mean individual biomass but homogenized individual biomass. Thus, there exists a trade-off between effective stand productivity and stand density for optimal forest management. Sparse planting leads to large variation in individual biomass, whereas dense planting reduces mean individual biomass. Consequently, stand density for a plantation should be set based on this trade-off with reference to market demands.     

密度对肿节少穗竹生长影响的研究

本文通过对不同密度的肿节少穗竹的生长效应、生物量结构、竹冠结构和出笋量情况进行调查研究表明：密度在6万株／hm2的竹林具有最大出笋量、生物量、单株重量、胸径、竹高、冠幅和冠层厚;Ⅱ度竹对出笋量起着显著的影响,该密度有利于培育丰产优质的竹林。     

毛竹林丰产年龄结构模型与应用研究

从南岭山脉以南的各毛竹产区中收集１３３０块高产林标准地,分别调查各度竹株数、胸径等测树因子与林分、环境因子,以用材林的竹秆产量,笋用林的笋产量为因变量,建立了产量模型：材用林Ｙ１＝－６２６９５．２４５＋６．５４１３Ｎ＋７０１２．５１９５Ｄ＋８．４５４８Ｘ１＋１１．０８７０Ｘ２＋１４．１５２０Ｘ３＋８．９９６９Ｘ４＋１４．５１５６Ｘ５笋用林Ｙ２＝６９７．５５６９＋０．２０５２Ｎ＋１．８５１４Ｄ－０．６４１４Ｘ１＋１．２４９３Ｘ２＋０．７６３６Ｘ３＋０．３７９０Ｘ４－０．８８３３Ｘ５（Ｒ１＝０．９８,Ｒ２＝０．９６）并结合生产要求,提出约束条件八组。应用该模型研究毛竹林最优化年龄结构,可以得到不同竹林质量、立竹量、立地条件、经营水平下最适宜年龄结构。能显著地提高林分的竹材和笋产量。     

Development of a stand density management diagram for Santalum album plantations in Karnataka,India

Stand density management diagrams are average stand-level models that graphically display the relationship between stand yield, density, height and diameter throughout the various stages of forest development in even-aged stands. These are useful tools for designing, displaying and evaluating alternative density regimes in even-aged forest ecosystems to achieve a desired future condition. In this paper, we present a stand density management diagram constructed for sandalwood stands in Karnataka state of India. The relationship between stand density, dominant height, quadratic mean diameter, relative spacing and stand volume is exhibited in one graph. The relative spacing index was used to characterise the growing stock level. Two equations were fitted to the data collected from 19 sample plots measured annually for three years: one relates quadratic mean diameter with stand density and dominant height, whereas the other relates total stand volume with quadratic mean diameter, stand density and dominant height.     

Comparing aboveground carbon sequestration between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) and China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests based on the allometric model

The purpose of this study was to compare carbon sequestration between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) and China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests. The study site was located in the lower mountain area of central Taiwan, where both moso bamboo and China fir were rich. In addition, moso bamboo and China fir forests were surveyed on 12 and 19 plantations, respectively. We predicted carbon sequestration based on the allometric model for moso bamboo and China fir forests and compared the relationships between characteristics of bamboo forests and elevation. The results showed that mean diameter at breast height (DBH), culms per hectare and aboveground biomass were not clearly affected by elevation, whereas a negative correlation (R = −0.600, p = 0.039) between mean DBH and stand density was found for moso bamboo forests. Moreover, the aboveground carbon storage was higher for China fir forests than for moso bamboo (99.5 vs. 40.6 Mg ha⁻¹). However, moso bamboo is an uneven-aged stand which is only composed of 1-5-year-old culms, while China fir is an even-aged stand and the age range is from 15 to 54 years, such that, per year, the mean aboveground carbon sequestration is 8.13 ± 2.15 and 3.35 ± 2.02 Mg ha⁻¹ for moso bamboo and China fir, respectively. On the other hand, the mean carbon sequestration of China fir decreases with increasing the age class. Furthermore, the ratio of moso bamboo to China fir is 2.39 and a T-test showed that the aboveground carbon levels were significantly different between these two species; thus, moso bamboo is a species with high potential for carbon sequestration.     

密度对毛竹林水源涵养能力的影响

以崇阳县毛竹为研究对象,在4种密度(D1)1 300±100、(D2)1 900±100、(D3)2 500±100及(D4)3 100±100株·hm~(-2)毛竹林分内通过标准地设置与调查对毛竹林分水源涵养能力进行了研究。结果表明,虽然不同毛竹林密度林冠层截留率之间的差异不显著,但截留量之间的差异极显著。半分解以及未分解凋落物持水量与浸泡时间之间均为对数方程,半分解以及未分解凋落物吸水速率与浸泡时间之间均为幂函数方程。不同密度凋落物最大持水量0.81~1.21 mm,并随林分密度增加而增加。凋落物总最大持水率380.39%~402.13%。林分有效拦蓄量0.75~0.92 mm,有效拦蓄率292.92%~311.31%,并密度增大而增大。毛竹林土壤土壤含水率11.21%~13.70%,土壤容重1.19~1.34 g/cm~3,毛管总孔隙度52.89%~54.77%,土壤毛管总孔隙度随土层深度的增加而减小,土壤非毛管孔隙度9.39%~10.22%。林分密度对土壤物理性状及其土壤渗透性能影响均不显著。毛竹林土壤饱和蓄水量3 173.35~3286.11 t·hm~(-2),不同密度毛竹林分土壤层饱和蓄水量之间的差异不显著。虽然不同密度毛竹林分土壤毛管蓄水量之间的差异不显著,但非毛管蓄水量差异显著。毛竹林水源涵养总量584.15~626.58 t·hm~(-2),土壤蓄水量、林冠截留量及凋落物持水量分别占96.41%~97.91%、0.79%~1.51%及1.30%~2.07%。