祁连山地区青海云杉年轮宽度对气候变化的响应

以祁连山区青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)为样本,建立了青海云杉树木年轮宽度年表,应用相关分析和响应函数分析等年轮气候学方法,研究了青海云杉径向生长对气候变化的响应。结果表明:青海云杉年轮宽度与当年3-8月的平均气温呈正相关关系,特别是与3月平均气温的相关性最为显著(P<0.05);与当年3、5月的降水量呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05);与当年4月日照时数呈显著的正相关关系。响应函数分析表明:青海云杉年轮宽度与上年10月和当年3、5月平均气温、上年12月和当年5、8月降水量、当年4、7月的日照时数存在显著的相关性(P<0.01)。综合来看,祁连山区青海云杉生长同时受春季温度、夏季降水和春季日照的影响明显。     

立木内柳杉天牛幼虫大小的变异

一、引言柳杉天牛(Semanotus japonicus)能钻蛀柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica)和日本扁柏(Chamaecypris oblusa)活立木的内皮层和木质部,从而使受害树木材质降低,有时造成立木枯死(Okada aud Fujishita,1968)。一般认为这种天牛1—2年发生一代。实际上,其成虫和幼虫都能在冬天找到;蛹也偶有发现(Inoue,1983)。上年越冬幼虫和当年的幼虫在8月中至9月中     

北京地区侧柏生长与气象因子的典型相关分析

运用典型相关分析方法对北京地区6郊区县的侧柏生长量与气象因子进行分析,结果表明:侧柏是对气象因子反应敏感的树种,气象因子间是相互影响、相互制约、共同起作用的。影响侧柏胸径生长量的重要气象因子是年平均气温和上年3—5月份平均气温;影响侧柏树高生长量的重要气象因子是年降水量和上年6—8月份平均降水;影响侧柏材积生长量的重要气象因子是年降水量和上年12月—当年1月平均气温。由此可以综合得出对北京地区侧柏生长量影响较大的气象因子是气温和降水量。     

川西亚高山岷江冷杉和紫果云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应

【目的】探讨川西亚高山地区各海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应,为进一步揭示当地森林对气候变化的响应机制提供依据。【方法】分别获取王朗自然保护区中海拔与高海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的标准年表,分析年表同气候因子间的关系。【结果】中海拔生境处岷江冷杉生长在1990年后与年均气温存在一定程度的“分离效应”;中海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉生长与上年生长季(上年7月和8月)气温和上年生长季末(上年10月)降水量显著负相关( P <0.05),岷江冷杉生长与当年9月气温和降水量显著负相关( P <0.05),紫果云杉生长与当年2、6月月均最低气温显著正相关( P <0.05);高海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉生长均与当年生长季前(上年11月、当年1月、当年2月)、当年生长季(当年7月)和上年生长季(上年6月)气温显著正相关( P <0.05),岷江冷杉生长还与当年6月份的降水量及上年8月份的气温显著负相关( P <0.05);滑动相关分析和年表特征年气候分析结果充分印证了各年表对月气候因子响应的可靠性。【结论】上年生长季气温的“滞后效应”对中海拔生境处的岷江冷杉、紫果云杉以及高海拔生境处的岷江冷杉生长均有显著影响;近几十年来,上年生长季末降水对中海拔生境处的岷江冷杉、紫果云杉以及高海拔生境处的紫果云杉生长都具有稳定而显著的抑制作用。     

气候变化和长白山岳桦树线树木年轮的关系

通过对生长在海拔1950m岳桦的树轮生长特征和气候关系的分析,评价了长白山树线对气候因子的敏感性。结果表明,长白山岳桦树线对气候因子有明显的敏感性,与其它研究不同的是,影响树线处岳桦生长的主要气候因子并不是当年夏季的温度,而是上年冬季的平均最低温度和当年3月的温度。尽管研究区降水量很大,但年轮宽度与上年冬季和当年春季的降水呈显著相关。另外,由于气候因子的年际变化对岳桦径向生长没有明显的影响,因此自20世纪80年代以来的年平均温度的升高并没有在年轮宽度上表现出持续的增加。图2表5参39。     

柳杉遗传资源及其研究进展

柳杉是东亚地区重要的用材林树种,包括柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)和日本柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica)两个种。本文结合国内外柳杉遗传资源及其研究现状,对其资源分布与特征,遗传变异及遗传育种研究进行述评。提出当前柳杉研究中存在的问题,就其今后研究重点进行展望。对我国柳杉资源保护和育种研究具有重要的参考价值。     

柳杉起源及天然分布

本文探讨了柳杉起源及变异,比较中国柳杉及日本柳杉形态特征,分析柳杉天然林生态环境及柳杉人工造林历史。通过分析,认为柳杉起源于中生代白垩纪的后期,或第三纪的始新世,天然分布中心在中国东南部——日本,形成间断的或孤立的分布区;柳杉远古时期广泛分布于北半球一带,后来由于气候变迁、地理分隔等因素,形成中国柳杉和日本柳杉两个种。     

日本木材出口中国：出路在于住宅建筑领域

日本宫崎县森林组合联合会与中国厦门木材总公司于2002年签订了目标为每年出口柳杉原木100万m^3的贸易备忘录，至今已经两年了。     

依靠低温处理打破柳杉天牛成虫的滞育

前 言 柳杉天牛是日本柳杉、日本扁柏的一种重要钻蛀性害虫。为了有效地进行其生理、生态学的研究,有必要研究室内饲养技术,以便任何时候都能自由地得到各发育阶段的试验用虫。柳杉天牛为1年1代(稀为2年1     

祁连山东端青海云杉年轮宽度与气候因素关系

以祁连山东端夏玛林场青海云杉为样本,建立青海云杉树木年轮宽度年表,应用相关分析,研究青海云杉的年轮宽度变化对气候变化的响应。结果表明:青海云杉年轮宽度与当年2月份、3月份、4月份的降水量呈显著的正相关关系,特别是与3月份的降水量的相关性极显著(P0.01);青海云杉年轮宽度与当年生长季初期(3月份)时候的温度呈现正相关关系,与当年6月份的温度呈现出了显著的负相关关系。     

不同岩性土体对日本柳杉生长影响试验初报

通过对黔中地区6种不同岩性土壤进行栽种日本柳杉的实验研究,其初步结果表明,不同岩性土体对日本柳杉的生长发育产生了一定影响。日本柳杉在6种不同土体上的成活率,在煤系砂页岩上较好达88.33%,而在灰质白云岩较差。高生长则在灰质白云岩和煤系砂页岩上长势略好于其它岩性的土壤,但并没有产生显著的差异。地径的生长在不同岩性的土壤上产生了显著差异。     

Influences of genetic and environmental factors on the concentration of the allergen Cry j 1 in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen

Pollen from sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), a forest tree species that is widely grown in Japan, causes serious allergic disease. The major allergens from sugi pollen, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, have been isolated and characterized. It has been reported that Cry j 1 concentration in pollen varies considerably among trees. If Cry j 1 concentration is genetically controlled, the planting of trees with low Cry j 1 concentrations would reduce pollinosis. We investigated genetic and environmental effects on Cry j 1 concentration in eight clones growing at four sites. Concentrations of Cry j 1 in pollen were measured with a monoclonal antibody-based Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Cry j 1 concentrations differed significantly among clones and sites, but the site x clone interaction was not significant, suggesting that the Cry j 1 concentration is controlled primarily by genetic factors. We examined correlations between Cry j 1 concentration and temperature and precipitation from July through February. Temperature was not significantly related to Cry j 1 concentration, whereas cumulative precipitation during the 8 months and mean daily precipitation in September showed significant negative correlations with Cry j 1 concentration.     

水分胁迫对日本柳杉种子萌芽的影响

本文采用配置不同浓度的PEG(聚乙二醇)溶液来模拟土壤自然水势，对日本柳杉种子萌芽实验进行人工水分胁迫处理。结果表明：随着水势的下降，其发芽率在轻度水分胁迫下有所上升，然后降低，随PEG浓度上升到15％时，发芽率、发芽速度、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长等都出现不同程度的降低。而当PEG浓度上升到25％时，则上述指标均受到强烈抑制。结果表明，日本柳杉在轻度干旱胁迫时，具有一定的耐旱性。     

DYNAMIC MODELS OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF FOREST FUELS

INTRODUCTIoNMoisturecontentoffOrestfuelsaffects.ignitionprobability,rateofspread,radia-tionefficiencyandenergyrelease.Itisoneofthemajorvariablesfordeterminingfireoccurrence,evaluatingfiredangerandpre-dictingfirebehavior.Obviouslyfuelmois-turecontentisevidenceonwhichisbasedtodetermineprescribedburning.Thechangeoffuelmoisturecontentisaffectedbymanyfactors.Thedynamicmodelsoffuelmoisturecontentcanbeestablishedinaccordancewiththosefactors.lnthispaper,thetheoryofrelativemoisturecontent,develope…     

Resource level as a proximate factor influencing fluctuations in male flower production in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

Airborne pollen of Cryptomeria japonica causes severe pollinosis, and the number of people suffering from pollinosis has increased rapidly during recent decades. Male flower production in C. japonica shows annual variability; thus, predicting male flower production for the following spring could be a countermeasure against pollinosis. We analyzed factors that explain fluctuations in male flower production of C. japonica according to parameters reflecting internal resource dynamics based on field observations. In addition, we carried out experiments to regulate available resource levels using artificial shading to test the effect of internal resource levels on the number of male flowers produced. We found that temperature and precipitation in the previous summer and a relative increase in male flower production in the previous year were negatively related, whereas sunshine duration in the previous summer and diameter at breast height were positively related to the current year increase in male flower production. The number of male flowers was significantly reduced by the shading treatment and was positively correlated with the amount of total non-structural carbohydrates in the root. These results suggest that understanding the parameters controlling internal resource levels could lead to more accurate predictions of male flower production.     

北京地区气温和降水对银杏木材年轮和密度的影响

以北京地区17年生银杏为试材，研究了气温和降水对银杏木材年轮宽度、年轮密度，最大密度、最小密度的影响。结果表明，不同月份的气温和降水，对银杏生长有不同程度的影响。如生长季节中的7月份气温与年轮宽度有－0．44的负相关，对木材密度影响不大；而月份降水量与年轮宽度呈0．69的正相关，在0．01水平相关显著，8月份降水量与年轮密度、最大密度和最小密度呈0．70、0．74和0．74的正相关关系，在0．01水平相关显著。     

Effect of forest thinning on soil net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in a Cryptomeria japonica plantation in Taiwan

We investigated the effect of forest thinning on soil nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and transformation in a Cryptomeria japonica plantation at high elevation to provide basic data for forest management. We chose four study plots for control, light, medium and heavy thinning treatment, and three sub-plots for buried bag studies at similar elevations in each treatment plot to measure the net N mineralization and nitrification rates in situ. The contents of soil inorganic N(ammonium and nitrate) were similar between treatments, but all varied with season, reaching maxima in September 2003 and 2004. The seasonal maximum net Nmin rates after four treatments were 0.182, 0.246, 0.303 and 0.560 mg·kg-1·d-1 in 2003, and 0.242,0.258,0.411 and 0.671 mg·kg-1·d-1in 2004, respectively. These estimates are approximate with the lower annual rates of N mineralization for this region. Forest thinning can enhance net N mineralization and microbial biomass carbon. The percentage of annual rates of Nmin for different levels of forest thinning compared with the control plot were 13.4%, 59.8% and 154.2% in 2003, and 0.1%, 58.8% and 157.7% in 2004 for light, medium, and heavy thinning, respectively. These differences were related to soil moisture, temperature, precipitation, and soil and vegetation types. Well-planned multi-site comparisons, both located within Taiwan and the East-Asia region, could greatly improve our knowledge of regional patterns in nitrogen cycling.     

Response to climate changes in radial growth of Picea crassifolia in the Qilian mountains of northwestern China

In order to investigate the response to climate changes in radial growth of Picea crassifolia at the lower tree line in the middle Qilian mountains in northwestern China, relationships of standardized chronologies of annua ring, earlywood and latewood widths with mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation were analyzed by ways of correlation and pointer year analyses. The results show that annual ring, earlywood and latewood widths are significantly negatively correlated with mean monthly temperature in June and Juy. Annual ring and eadywooc widths are significantly and positively correlated with tOtal monthly precipitation in March, May and June and negatively correlated with total monthly precipitation in September. Latewood width is less sensitive to climate changes than the width of earlywood and insignificantly sensitive to precipitation. The results of pointer year analysis revealed that whet summer temperatures are higher than the mean summer temperature synchronization and the summer precipitatior lower than mean summer precipitation synchronization, narrow annual rings are formed. Wide annual rings are formec~ when summer temperatures are lower than the mean summer temperature synchronization and summer precipitation higher than mean summer precipitation synchronization. The results indicate that more precipitation in the spring and summer is helpful for radial growth while warmer summer restricts radial growth of P. crassifolia at the lower tree line in the middle Qilian mountains.     

Radial,Height and Volume Increment Variation in Picea abies (L.) Karst. Stands with Varying Thinning Intensities

Variation in radial increment at different stem heights was compared with stem volume increment and height increment using thinning experiments of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in southern Finland. The magnitude of growth variation was similar on trees from different crown classes and stand densities. However, there was higher autocorrelation in the codominant and intermediate trees and trees on dense plots. The relationship between short-term volume increment and radial increment variation at breast height was not affected by thinnings. While short-term growth variation was similar at different stem heights, some evidence was found for differences in medium-term variation between radial increment at breast height and volume increment. Height increment reacted to unfavourable climatic events later than radial and volume increment. Radial and volume increments were negatively correlated to temperature and positively correlated to precipitation of the current summer. Height increment was positively related to current early summer temperature, but negatively to temperature of the previous summer.