施用污泥堆肥对旱荷花生长和土壤环境的影响

以金华市某污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,研究污泥堆肥对旱荷花生长及土壤环境影响。结果表明,污泥土地利用提高了土壤中N、P及有机质含量,土壤理化性质有明显改善,但同时也增加了土壤中Cd元素的含量,不同处理土壤Cd含量比对照增加了12．95％．154．48％,土壤Pb、Cu、Zn含量变化甚微;长期施用该污泥堆肥,不会造成Pb、Cu、Zn对园林植物的毒害。且污泥堆肥不同处理的效果不同,污泥堆肥70%＋园土20％＋炉渣10％的处理4,旱荷花的开花时间提前,花期延长,开花量增加,施用效果最好。     

城市污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥对桑树种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】研究不同施用量及不同配比的城市污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥对桑树种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,探究有利于桑树生长的施用量及配比的混合堆肥最佳组合,为城市污泥和园林废弃物的合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】配制不同施用量(CK、T1、T2、T3、T4,即混合堆肥与土壤体积比为0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1、1∶0)及4种不同配比(W01、W13、W11、W10,即城市污泥和园林废弃物体积比分别为0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、1∶0)的城市污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥产品,通过盆栽试验,观察其对桑树种子萌发、幼苗不同时期株高及地上、地下生物量积累的影响。【结果】4种不同配比混合施肥的全部处理均对桑树种子萌发产生抑制作用,在施肥量相同情况下,W10配比对种子萌发抑制作用最强烈;在各配比中,T4处理对桑树种子萌发抑制程度最高;在桑树幼苗生长前期(30～60天),各配比幼苗堆肥产品随施肥量增加均显著抑制桑树幼苗生长,抑制作用随试验时间延长而减弱,在试验后期(120天),一些配比处理转为促进桑树混合生长,幼苗株高最大值出现在W11配比T2处理;除W10配比T4处理外,其余全部处理均不同程度提高桑树地上、地下生物量积累。【结论】城市污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥产品会对桑树种子萌发产生抑制作用,并显著抑制桑树幼苗前期生长,但随时间延长会促进桑树幼苗生长和生物量积累,其中以W11配比T1处理(施用25%的污泥和园林废弃物体积比1∶1混合堆肥)效果最佳。     

城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥混合应用的效果评价

为研究不同配比污泥与园林废弃物堆肥产品混合施用对香水百合生长、开花和土壤改良的影响,以北京市城市污泥和园林废弃物为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置7种处理均为添加20%的堆肥产品混合物(处理1至处理7污泥所占比重分别为:0%、100%、90%、80%、70%、60%、50%),以纯壤土为对照,比较了其对栽植香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)后盆栽土壤的改良作用和对植物的影响。结果表明:混合施加后香水百合能够有效吸收大量养分,有利于其生长和开花,也有助于改善土壤pH值,其中,处理6和处理7效果最好。     

不同含量污泥堆肥对油松幼苗生长的影响

文章为了解污泥堆肥对油松幼苗生长的影响,研究了不同含量污泥堆肥栽培基质对油松幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,当污泥堆肥含量为30%时,油松幼苗的苗高、地径、地上部分的鲜重和干重均达到最高值,当污泥堆肥含量过高或过低时,均没有达到最佳促进效果。     

污泥堆肥对高羊茅生长的影响

通过盆栽土培的试验方法,分析了高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb)在污泥堆肥中生长特性。结果显示:当污泥堆肥比例为0%、5%、10%时,高羊茅发芽率均在90%以上,当超过15%时,发芽率显著降低,为41.8%;当污泥堆肥比例为10%时,高羊茅的株高、根长、干重达到了最大值,分别为34.4cm、14.9cm、14.58mg。污泥堆肥比例达到15%后,各生长指标显著下降。因此认为:污泥堆肥配置比例以10%为宜。     

不同栽培基质与施肥量对厚叶岩白菜生长量的影响

以1年生新疆阿尔泰山厚叶岩白菜Bergenia crassifolia(L.)Fritsch小苗为试验材料,研究了极细锯末、粗锯末(直径0.5㎝)、极粗锯末(直径1㎝)、蘑菇菌棒4种基质以及不同硫酸钾复合肥使用量对其生长的影响。结果表明,极粗锯末促进厚叶岩白菜叶片数量生长和植株冠幅增大的效果最好,但促进厚叶岩白菜高生长效果最好的栽培基质则是蘑菇菌棒;4粒硫酸钾复合肥施用量明显促进了厚叶岩白菜叶片数量的生长,6粒硫酸钾复合肥施用量最适宜植株高度生长,10粒施用量则明显促进了厚叶岩白菜的冠幅生长。     

不同类型的GGR及其浓度对紫叶风箱果硬枝扦插的影响

为探究不同种类、浓度的GGR对紫叶风箱果硬枝扦插的影响,用4种类型的GGR设置不同浓度(50~350 mg·L-1)处理插穗后进行扦插试验。结果表明:4种GGR处理在50~350 mg·L-1时对风箱果插穗生根均有一定的促进作用,以150 mg·L-1的效果最好,存活率达92.66%。GGR-10在促进插穗生根及根系生长方面效果最好;GGR-6和GGR-7一般;GGR-8的效果较差。     

市政污泥分离及堆肥工艺研究

指出了市政污泥中含有大量的寄生虫、病原体和重金属,对市政污泥进行分离和堆肥处理,可以实现污泥的减量化、无害化和资源化。基于此,重点分析了市政污泥分离工艺及堆肥工艺,并对影响堆肥效果的因素进行了研究,为市政污泥的减量化、无害化、资源化处理提供重要参考。     

氮磷对园林景观草坪色素含量及外观质量的影响

以早熟禾草坪为试材,研究了不同氮磷施用量对其色素含量及外观质量的影响。结果表明:氮磷可以提高草坪叶片内叶绿素a、b含量,其中41.90kg/hm2处理提高效果最佳,与对照相比差异显著,37.71kg/hm2处理提高效果最差,与对照间无显著差异;41.90kg/hm2处理除8月份外均可提高类胡萝卜素含量,6、10月显著高于对照;草坪外观质量总评得分41.90kg/hm2处理最高,分别高于其他3个处理1.38分、0.96分、0.47分。分析认为氮磷施用量以41.90kg/hm2为最佳。     

文冠果扦插技术研究

为解决文冠果硬枝扦插过程中的关键性技术问题,使用4种生根粉、3种不同浓度、3种不同处理时间对文冠果插穗进行了生根处理试验,结果表明:不同种类的生根粉对插穗生根率的影响达到了极显著水平,2号和4号生根粉处理的插穗生根率最高,其平均值分别为:73.7%和68.7%。生根粉不同浓度对插穗生根率的影响达到了极显著水平,125mg·L-1、250mg·L-1浓度处理的效果最好,生根率达到90%和82%。4号生根粉不同浓度、不同处理时间对文冠果插穗生根率的影响达到了显著水平,125mg·L-1和250mg·L-1浓度处理效果最好,插穗生根率的平均值达到61.67%和53.33%;6h处理时间对插穗生根效果最好,达到68.67%。4号生根粉,采用125mg·L-1浓度,处理6h对文冠果硬枝扦插的效果最好。     

Use of waste materials as nursery growing media for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus halepensis</Emphasis> production

Peat moss is gradually being replaced by other materials as a growing medium in forest nurseries due to economic and ecological constraints. In this study, six different mixtures were tested, mixing peat moss (P) and pine bark (B) with digested sewage sludge (S) activated sewage sludge (A) and paper mill sludge (M), as growing media for Pinus halepensis seedlings; three different waste doses were applied. Seed germination percentage, seedling growth and foliar nutrient content after 1 year in a greenhouse and percentage survival after transplanting were recorded. The influence of base substrate (P or B) on germination percentage changed in different ways according the type of waste. The order of the different applied mixtures by suitability (germination rate and seedling growth) from best to worst was as follows: activated sludge with peat, activated sludge with pine bark, sewage sludge with peat, sewage sludge with pine bark, paper mill sludge with pine bark and finally paper mill sludge with peat.     

长沙冷季型草坪草引种试验

为了给长沙地区草坪建植和草种选用提供栽培依据，3年来对高羊茅、草地早熟禾、粗茎早熟禾、翦股颖、多年生黑麦草5个冷季型草坪草的42个品种进行了引种栽培试验，筛选出绿色期长、抗逆性好、适合长沙气候的冷季型草坪草品种有高山、浪潮、优异、华盛顿、公园、兰肯、猎狗5号、交战2号、L5、侵略者、百都11个。     

污泥和泥炭作基质对大叶黄杨和石楠的应用效果

为了促进城市生活污泥的资源化利用,选取大叶黄杨和石楠进行了以污泥和泥炭作基质的盆栽试验.通过设置不同比例的处理比较了污泥和泥炭作基质在植物生长状况、植物叶片叶绿素含量、基质保水能力等方面的差异.结果表明,不同基质上的植物株高和地径的增加、植物叶片叶绿素含量和基质保水能力不同.污泥基质上的大叶黄杨株高生长量和石楠的地径生长量以及两种供试植物叶片叶绿素含量均高于泥炭基质;无论是种植大叶黄杨还是石楠,污泥基质的含水量低于泥炭,但两种基质的水分损失速率无显著差异.     

帕克草地早熟禾草坪的施氮效应

４种不同氨肥（硫酸铵、硝酸钠、硝酸铵及尿素）显著提高了帕克草地早熟禾的出叶、生长与成坪速度,增加了草坪地上、地下部分生物量,改善了草坪的外观质量。硝酸铵对草坪的分蘖和越夏能力影响最大,硫酸铵较其它３种肥料更能加快草坪生长速度,提高草坪地上、地下部生物量,加深草坪颜色。     

高速公路边坡绿化草种混播配方研究

研究了3种混播组合对高速公路边坡的防护效益,结果表明:混播组合方案1(红豆草60% 无芒雀麦20% 多年生黑麦草20%)的防护效果最好,减少径流82.6%,减少冲刷90.1%;其次是混播组合方案3(多年生黑麦20% 草地早熟禾50% 高羊茅30%),减少径流80.9%,减少冲刷80.9%;而混播组合方案2(小冠花70% 多年生黑麦草30%)的防护效果最差,减少径流76.4%,减少冲刷73.5%。     

昆钢草坪草种及草种组合适应性的研究

通过几年来对昆钢的草坪草种及其组合试验，确定在昆钢乃至滇中地区有较强适应性的草坪草种为：多年生黑麦草(Lolinm prenne)，紫羊茅(Festuca rabra)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)3种草种。将这3种草坪草种混播建成的草坪在滇中地区能保持四季长绿，达到优良草坪的标准。     

城市污泥应用于毛白杨林地施肥试验

为了妥善处置和利用城市污泥,使之变废为宝,采用城市污泥对毛白杨进行了不同立地施肥量、施肥时期试验.结果表明,污泥施肥改善了林地土壤的理化性状,对土壤具有修复作用.在不同施肥时期,不同立地条件下,施入一定量的城市污泥对毛白杨株高、胸径的生长均有促进作用,平原林地毛白杨净生长量优于丘陵地,污泥施入量以75 kg/株效果最佳.     

Effects of compost additive in sphagnum peat growing medium on Norway spruce container seedlings

Sphagnum peat has been the most commonly used growing medium in containers in tree nurseries worldwide for its good growing properties. As a result of increasing costs and environmental incentives, seedling-growers are seeking more local growing medium components such as composts. Composts are, however, diverse products with varying chemical, physical, and hygienic properties and therefore require thorough testing before real-world use. In this study, a commonly used compost (raw materials: sewage sludge, biowaste, peat, wood chips) was tested for feasibility as a component (0–30 vol.%) of a sphagnum peat container medium for growing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) container seedlings in a forest-tree nursery. In proportions of up to 30% in peat, the compost additive used was shown to be a feasible material for seedling growing in forest nurseries. On average, the seedlings grew best in pure peat, but the compost additions to peat showed no marked reduction in seedling growth in greenhouses, nor were there any effect on seedling growth in the first summer after outplanting. However, a slightly elevated risk of seed non-germination and of seedling mortality was observed when the growing media contained compost in proportions of 20% or more. The compost additive in peat also changed the bulk density, structure, and chemical properties of the medium during nursery growing. The results suggest that seedling watering and fertilisation should be adjusted for each growing medium mix separately to achieve correct water, oxygen, and nutrient availability in containers during nursery growing.     

Effect of understory vegetation management through liming and sewage sludge fertilisation on soil fertility and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus radiata</Emphasis> D. Don growth after reforestation

Tree–understory competition is one of the most important aspects that control tree growth after reforestation. The relationship between trees and the understory can be modified by improving acidic soils with lime and by fertilisation. This experiment aims to evaluate the effect of soil improvements on the pasture–tree relationship by liming and fertilisation on different dates in a Pinus radiata-reforested area. Both lime and sewage sludge improved soil fertility by increasing Ca and reducing Al in the soil. Initially, tree development was reduced by lime, which improved the establishment of competitive grasses. Tree growth in limed treatments did not initially respond to sludge inputs, likely because both tree and grass roots shared the same soil depth layer. Three years after establishment, the use of high doses of sewage sludge in limed plots caused a growth rate similar to the best treatments of unlimed plots, which grew with a poorly sown grass establishment. After 2 years of the experiment, the presence of Erica woody shrub diminished tree development. High doses of sewage sludge with lime, as well as high doses of sewage sludge without lime, applied in April and low doses of sewage sludge without lime added in early February improved tree growth. From a practical point of view, lime and sewage sludge dose close to 100 kg total N ha⁻¹ should be recommended if a silvopastoral system is established, as it enhances pasture production and tree growth.