西藏色季拉山西坡不同海拔梯度表层土壤碳氮变化特性的研究

为探讨海拔梯度变化对表层土壤(0～20 cm)全量养分的影响,以西藏色季拉山西坡的高山灌丛(AS)、杜鹃林(RF)、急尖长苞冷杉林(AGSF1-6)和林芝云杉林(PLLF)为试验对象,研究了林地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、易氧化态碳(ROC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)的变化特征.结果表明:在色季拉山西坡,高海拔植被类型具有较高的土壤活性有机碳含量和分配比例.表层土壤SOC随着海拔的升高而增大.SOC最大的是AS,为77.167 g·kg-1,PLLF最低为22.351 g·kg-1.表层土壤TN随着海拔的升高而增大.TN最大的是AS,为2.430g·kg-1,PLLF最低为0.830 g·kg-1.表层土壤C/N最大者为AGSF4,达到了43.57,最小者是PLLF为26.93.海拔和林分对土壤MBC和MBN含量具有显著的影响.随着海拔高度的降低,POC占TOC含量的比率从44.81％降至19.32％,ROC占TOC含量的比率从41.72％降至7.07％.不同林地POC和ROC含量与SOC含量具有正相关关系.土壤活性有机碳与土壤总有机碳显著相关,土壤易氧化有机碳与颗粒有机碳的相关性也比较显著(p＜0.05).     

不同改造措施对马尾松低效林土壤活性有机碳的影响

通过马尾松低效林改造试验,研究了不同改造措施(全砍重造(QKCZ)、封山育林(FSYL)和补植混交(BZHJ))对土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的影响.结果表明:马尾松低效林改造后土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)和易氧化碳(EOC)含量分别比未改造的马尾松低效林(对照,CK)增加了1.06～3.30 g·kg-1、16.81～142.29 mg·kg-1 (P ＜0.05)、12.83～43.71 mg· kg-1(P＜0.05)和0.16 g～0.54 g·kg-1(P＜0.05);不同改造措施马尾松林土壤活性有机碳占土壤有机碳的比例大小顺序,微生物量碳/有机碳(MBC/SOC)为FSYL＞ CK＞ QKCZ＞ BZHJ,易氧化碳/有机碳(EOC/SOC)为CK＞ BZHJ＞ FSYL＞ QKCZ,水溶性有机碳/有机碳(DOC/SOC)为BZHJ＞ CK＞ FSYL＞ QKCZ.说明3种马尾松低效林改造措施中QKCZ的土壤有机碳稳定性最好,更有利于土壤有机碳固存.     

岷江上游干旱河谷不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳特征分析

研究了岷江上游干旱河谷/山地森林交错带高山栎林地、灌木林地、灌丛地、人工刺槐林地、花椒地和农耕地六种不同土地利用类型的土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤水溶性有机碳(WDOC)分布特征。结果表明,不同土地利用类型SOC和WDOC的含量分别介于8.86～17.52 g.kg-1、84.41～192.80 mg.kg-1之间差异明显,人为干扰是导致不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳和土壤水溶性有机碳含量差异的重要原因。     

中亚热带4种森林类型土壤碳密度和碳贮量研究

研究了地处中亚热带的都江堰灵岩山的4种森林类型土壤的有机碳(SOC)密度、碳贮量及其相关规律。结果表明:4种森林类型及不同土层SOC含量和SOC密度均差异显著。随土层深度增加,SOC含量和密度逐渐减小。柳杉林、银杏林、杉木 喜树混交林和楠木林土壤的SOC含量分别为12.26、12.40、11.88和9.33 g.kg-1,SOC密度分别为15.59、15.20、15.03和8.11 kg.m-2。4种林地碳贮存较高,平均碳贮量134.83 t.hm-2,说明灵岩山土壤有机碳累积丰富,而不同林分差异较大。SOC含量与全N含量呈极显著相关,线性回归拟合较好,说明土壤中碳素的贮存与氮素密切相关。     

滇中元江栲林下土壤活性有机碳空间分布特征

为探究滇中元江栲林下土壤活性有机碳在垂直空间上的分布及其影响机制,以滇中地区不同海拔(2 090～2 490 m)、不同坡向(阴、阳坡)元江栲林为研究对象,探究林下0～60 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、颗粒性有机碳(POC)含量的空间分布特征。结果表明:SOC、MBC、ROC、POC含量随海拔上升先升高再降低,DOC含量随海拔上升逐渐降低,4种活性有机碳组分含量表现为POC>ROC>MBC>DOC。4种土壤活性有机碳含量均阴坡高于阳坡,且随土层深度增加呈明显下降趋势,0～20 cm土层高于20～40、40～60 cm土层。各个土壤活性有机碳组分在土壤有机碳中的占比表现为POC/SOC>ROC/SOC>MBC/SOC>DOC/SOC,POC为4种活性有机碳库中的主要碳库,MBC/SOC比值随海拔上升无明显变化规律,ROC/SOC、POC/SOC比值随海拔上升先增大再减小。SOC、MBC、ROC、POC含量任意两者间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤活性有机碳含量与土壤pH...     

六盘山南部华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳含量

研究造林措施和林龄对宁夏六盘山南部不同坡向华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明:造林后,各坡向的土壤有机碳含量均呈现先下降、后上升的变化过程,其对造林干扰的敏感程度随土层加深而减弱;在阳坡半阳坡,造林10年后的幼龄林0～45cm土层土壤有机碳密度(96.33t·hm-2)仍低于灌丛(122.12t·hm-2),造林20年后的中龄林(189.27t·hm-2)已高于灌丛,说明土壤碳库已得到恢复;在阴坡半阴坡,幼龄林和中龄林的土壤碳密度分别为192.37和222.03t·hm-2,均低于天然次生林(256.64t·hm-2),说明造林20年后土壤碳库仍未恢复;阳坡半阳坡林地在造林后第8年0～45cm土层有机碳含量降至最低,相对阳坡灌丛(32.13g·kg-1)的降幅为3.72g·kg-1,需在造林后第16年才能恢复到造林前的灌丛水平;阴坡半阴坡林地在造林后第16年降至最低,相对阴坡次生林(66.30g·kg-1)的降幅为22.77g·kg-1,需在造林后第32年才能恢复到造林前次生林水平;阴坡造林后,其土壤有机碳比阳坡损失量大,损失期长,恢复较慢,但阴坡土壤碳库的绝对值在任何林龄阶段都高于阳坡,说明阴坡森林土壤的碳储存能力高于阳坡;在阳坡半阳坡灌丛采用扰动较弱的稀植造林时,造林后第10年0～45cm土层有机碳含量平均为31.05g·kg-1,虽仍低于灌丛(35.55g·kg-1),但却远高于扰动较强的全面整地后常规密度造林(23.17g·kg-1)。     

黄土区人工与天然植被对凋落物量和土壤有机碳变化的影响

在黄土丘陵区选择从耕地、草地、灌木林到乔木林样地,不同样地内设立1 m × 1 m(乔木10 m×10 m)的样方,分析样方内凋落物积累量、碳氮含量、土壤有机碳(SOC)和可溶性碳(DOC)含量变化.结果表明:天然草地、灌木林、乔木林凋落物积累量依次为5.3,12.1和32.4 t·hm-2;但人工灌木林和乔木林的凋落物积累量分别为6.7和11.4 t·hm-2,分别是天然灌木林和乔木林的1/2和1/3.随着植被的恢复,天然植被凋落物的C/N高于人工植被(刺槐林除外).与耕地SOC(4.67 g·kg-1)相比,天然灌木林地SOC提高5.9倍,人工灌木林地提高1.8倍;天然乔木林地提高8.0倍,而人工乔木林地仅提高4.0倍.凋落物积累量与0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳存在显著线性相关关系(R2>0.83),但20 cm以下线性相关关系不显著.凋落物积累量与0～10 cm土壤可溶性碳含量存在显著线性相关关系(R2>0.893),与10～60 cm土层线性相关关系不显著,与80～100 cm土壤可溶性碳存在显著线性负相关关系.     

豫东平原农林复合系统土壤有机碳时空特征

通过对3、9、13、17 a农林间作和5、10、13 a农田林网2种模式的农林复合系统不同层次土壤中有机碳的时空特征及其与土壤pH值、全氦的相关关系研究,结果表明:3、9、13和17 a农林间作复合系统土壤各层的有机碳含量随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐下降,随着农林间作年限的增加而逐渐增长;0～20 cm土层有机碳含量最高,为1.58～2.09 g·kg-1,而40～60 cm层的最低,为0.75～1.51 g·kg-1;5、10和13 a农田林网复合系统土壤有机碳含量与农林间作复合系统有相似的变化规律;3个林龄的农田林网复合系统不同层次有机碳含量的分异表现都为0～20 cm土层(10.67～12.30 g·kg-1)20～40 cm土层(7.89～9.11 g·kg-1)40～60cm土层(6.21～7.60 g·kg-1);2种农林复合系统土壤有机碳含量与土壤pH值存在一定的线性负相关,与土壤全氮之间存在显著的线性正相关.     

蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表土有机碳研究

基于UTM公里网格方法划分的66个网格的土壤剖面数据,分析了蕉岭长潭自然保护区5种典型植被类型(马尾松林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和竹林)的表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳含量、密度、储量的分布特征与影响因子。结果表明:(1)表土有机碳含量SOC分布在12.61~66.19 g.kg-1之间,平均值为30.87±1.30 g.kg-1,大小顺序为竹林>阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>杉木林>马尾松林,多重比较显示竹林(37.63 g.kg-1)显著高于马尾松林(18.52 g.kg-1),马尾松林仅为竹林的49.21%。(2)表土有机碳密度SOCD在3.27~15.69 kg.m-2间,平均值为8.22±0.39 kg.m-2,大小排序为阔叶混交林>竹林>针阔混交林>杉木林>马尾松林,阔叶混交林(10.15 kg.m-2)和竹林(9.96 kg.m-2)的SOCD值显著高于马尾松林(4.82 kg.m-2)(p=0.005,p=0.036),马尾松林仅是阔叶混交林的47.49%。(3)蕉岭长潭保护区表土层有机碳储量为402 100 t,占总面积54.54%的针阔混交林贡献最大,其次为阔叶混交林、杉木林、竹林和马...     

千阳县不同林分土壤有机碳的分布特征

通过对黄土高原千阳县不同人工林土壤有机碳的含量及其分布特征的研究,为千阳县人工造林和生态系统的恢复提供依据。于2012年在黄土高原千阳县调查了毛白杨Populus tomentosa、刺槐Robinia pseudoacaia、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、荒地4种样地的土壤有机碳含量,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明:在调查的0~80cm土层范围内,土壤有机碳含量为毛白杨(4.83 g·kg-1)>荒地(3.55 g·kg-1)>刺槐(3.48 g·kg-1)>侧柏(3.42g·kg-1),随着土壤深度的增加,各林分土壤有机碳含量逐渐降低;各人工林在0~30 cm土层范围内,土壤有机碳含量和土壤密度变化差异显著(P<0.05),而在30~80 cm土层范围内变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。采用不同的树种进行植树造林、植被恢复,有利于土壤碳汇含量的增加,研究结果表明在黄土高原利用毛白杨人工造林优于其它树种。     

Effects of Land Uses on Soil Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Management Index

Carbon management index（ICM） is used to evaluate the scientificity of soil management.Soil organic carbon（SOC） and readily oxidized carbon （ROC） contents under Leucaena leucocephala stand, Acacia glauca stand,Acacia auriculiformis stand, Azadirachta indica stand,wasteland and dry cropland were determined and their ICM were calculated.The results showed that the SOC and ROC contents under the 6 land use types were 4.22-5.92 g·kg^-1 and 1.34-2.33 g·kg^-1,respectively.No significant differences in SOC contents among these land uses were observed.The ROC contents under the 4 types of woodland,however,were significantly higher than these under dry cropland or wasteland（P<0.05）. The ROC were high significantly（P<0.001） correlated（R² is 66.3%） with SOC.Compared with wasteland,the ICM ranged from 1.77 to 2.36 under these woodlands,and 0.99 under dry cropland.It is revealed that the litter quantity and land management under these land uses may be the key factors resulting in the variation of ROC.At ecological fragile region of Dry-hot Valley,closure management is useful to sequestrate C in woodland soils.However,the management systems for soil carbon pool under dry cropland are not in a sound way.     

Dynamics of soil carbon stock,total nitrogen,and associated soil properties since the conversion of Acacia woodland to managed pastureland,parkland agroforestry,and treeless cropland in the Jido Komolcha District,southern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

In the arid, low biomass producing areas of Ethiopia, Acacia woodlands suffered a severe degradation due to exploitation for various uses, and conversion to grazing and cultivated lands. However, little is known on the impact of agricultural land uses on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) stocks, and other soil quality indicators. This study was planned to evaluate SOC and TN stock changes under parkland agroforestry (PAF), managed pastureland (MPL), and treeless cropland (TLCL) regimes by considering the remnant protected woodland (PWL) as a reference. We found that SOC and TN stocks were significantly higher in PWL and MPL areas. Conversion of Acacia woodlands to MPL, PAF, and TLCL resulted in the loss of SOC stock by 23, 50, and 56%, respectively. Higher SOC and TN stocks were found under PWL (144.3 Mg ha^?1) and MPL (108.2 Mg ha^?1). Significant changes in available phosphorous (P), exchangeable cations, and cation exchangeable capacity were observed following the woodland conversion to different land use types. Available P was the highest in MPL compared with the other land use regimes. Within the study area, the MPL land use type was the best land management option for protecting SOC and TN soil stocks.     

Carbon pools and temporal dynamics along a rotation period in Quercus dominated high forest and coppice with standards stands

Carbon pools in two Quercus petraea (sessile oak) dominated chronosequences under different forest management (high forest and coppice with standards) were investigated. The objective was to study temporal carbon dynamics, in particular carbon sequestration in the soil and woody biomass production, in common forest management systems in eastern Austria along with stand development. The chronosequence approach was used to substitute time-for-space to enable coverage of a full rotation period in each system. Carbon content was determined in the following compartments: aboveground biomass, litter, soil to a depth of 50 cm, living root biomass and decomposing residues in the mineral soil horizons. Biomass carbon pools, except fine roots and residues, were estimated using species-specific allometric functions. Total carbon pools were on average 143 Mg ha⁻¹ in the high forest stand (HF) and 213 Mg ha⁻¹ in the coppice with standards stand (CS). The mean share of the total organic carbon pool (TOC) which is soil organic carbon (SOC) differs only marginally between HF (43.4%) and CS (42.1%), indicating the dominance of site factors, particularly climate, in controlling this ratio. While there was no significant change in O-layer and SOC stores over stand development, we found clear relationships between living biomass (aboveground and belowground) pools and C:N ratio in topsoil horizons with stand age. SOC pools seem to be very stable and an impact of silvicultural interventions was not detected with the applied method. Rapid decomposition and mineralization of litter, indicated by low O-horizon pools with wide C:N ratios of residual woody debris at the end of the vegetation period, suggests high rates of turnover in this fraction. CS, in contrast to HF benefits from rapid resprouting after coppicing and hence seems less vulnerable to conditions of low rainfall and drying topsoil.     

北亚热带土地利用变化对土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及储量的影响

利用野外调查的方法,研究了北亚热带地区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的垂直分布特征及储量的影响.研究结果表明:(1)除茶园土壤外,不同林分土壤有机碳含量均以0～10cm土层最大,随着土层深度的增加,含量总体表现为下降的趋势;茶园土壤有机碳含量在0～30cm土层范围内增加,30cm以后表现下降的趋势;(2)次生林转变成农耕地以后土壤有机碳含量平均下降21.1%,而转变成集约经营早竹林后,土壤有机碳含量平均下降近48.5%;1m深度以内,土壤有机碳平均含量由高到低的顺序为:茶园、灌木林、次生林、粗放经营毛竹林、集约经营毛竹林、马尾松林、农耕地、杉木林和早竹林;(3)土壤有机碳储量随土层深度变化的趋势和土壤有机碳含量变化趋势基本一致;次生林转变成长期经营的农耕地后,土壤有机碳储量下降22.5%,而转变成长期集约经营早竹林后土壤有机碳储量则下降51.4%9种土地利用类型中,土壤有机碳储量由高到低的顺序为:茶园、灌木林、次生林、粗放经营毛竹林、马尾松林、农耕地、集约经营毛竹林、杉木林和早竹林.     

High organic carbon stock in a karstic soil of the Middle-European Forest Province persists after centuries-long agroforestry management

Little is known on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in karst areas worldwide, although many of them have seen long-term application of agroforestry systems with a potential for carbon sequestration. Therefore, our study aimed to assess landscape-level SOC concentration and stock in the Silica Plateau, a part of the Slovak Karst Biosphere Reserve located in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia) with a centuries-long agroforestry record. The most represented local soil units are Chromi-Rendzic Leptosols and Chromic Cambisols with clayey loam texture, C/N ratio 9–12, and $ {\text{pH}}_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}} $ 6.6–6.2 in their organo-mineral surface horizons. Mull surface humus form prevails under mixed forest stands dominated by hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.), and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). A total of 2,700 soil samples were collected from 150 soil pits. Both SOC concentrations and stocks were determined for the 0–60?cm mineral soil layer. Soil stoniness was accounted for by means of electrical resistivity tomography. According to the analysis of covariance, cropland SOC concentration (0.026?g?g^?1) is significantly lower compared to forestland (0.040?g?g^?1) and pastureland (0.041?g?g^?1) (P?<?0.01). During the period of 130?years after forest clearing, cropland SOC stock has been reduced at an exponential decay rate of ca 0.002?year^?1, while the SOC stock in pastureland has increased following land use change from cropland by approximately 30% during the same period of time. Irrespective of land use history, overall SOC stock is high reaching on average 207.4?Mg?ha^?1, out of which 66% are stored within 0–30?cm and 34% within 30–60?cm soil layers.     

Carbon storage in evergreen broad-leaf forests in mid-subtropical region of China at four succession stages

To better understand the effect of forest succession on carbon sequestration, we investigated carbon stock and allocation of evergreen broadleaf forest, a major zonal forest in subtropical China. We so...     

几种人工林土壤碳储量研究

对鹤山几种不同人工林的土壤碳的研究 ,结果表明不同植被作用下的土壤碳储量存在差异。人工林地、草地土壤有机碳含量均随土壤深度增加而减少。在同一深度不同人工林有机碳含量比较 :木荷林土壤最高 ,大叶相思林土壤最低。全氮的变化趋势也与有机碳一样 ,随土壤深度增加而递减。土壤有机碳储量的计算结果为 :柠檬桉 10 5 6 7t·hm-2 ,湿地松10 4 6 1t·hm-2 ,马占相思 114 6 2t·hm-2 ,大叶相思 71 4 9t·hm-2 ,木荷 12 7 6 6t·hm-2 ,草地 89 31t·hm-2 。据此认为 ,植树造林是增加土壤有机碳积累的有效措施 ,其中以营造乡土树种木荷林效果最好     

Effects of afforestation on soil carbon and its fractions: a case study from the Loess Plateau,China

Afforestation has been implemented to reduce soil erosion and improve the environment of the Loess Plateau,China.Although it increased soil organic carbon(SOC),the stability of the increase is unknown.Additionally,the variations of soil inorganic carbon(SIC) following afforestation needs to be reconfirmed.After planting Robinia pseudoacacia,Pinus tabuliformis,and Hippophae rhamnoides on bare land on the Loess Plateau,total soil carbon(TSC) was measured and its two components,SIC and SOC,as well as the light and heavy fractions within SOC under bare lands and woodlands at the soil surface(0–20 cm).The results show that TSC on bare land was 24.5 Mg ha~(-1) and significantly increased to 51.6 Mg ha~(-1) for R.pseudoacacia,47.0 Mg ha~(-1) for P.tabuliformis and 39.9 Mg ha~(-1) for H.rhamnoides.The accumulated total soil carbon under R.pseudoacacia,P.tabuliformis,and H.rhamnoides,the heavy fraction(HFSOC) accounted for 65.2,31.7 and 76.2%,respectively; the light fraction(LF-SOC) accounted for 18.0,52.0 and 4.0%,respectively; SIC occupied 15.6,15.3 and 19.7%,respectively.The accumulation rates of TSC under R.pseudoacacia,P.tabuliformis,and H.rhamnoides reached159.5,112.4 and 102.5 g m~(-2) a~(-1),respectively.The results demonstrate that afforestation on bare land has high potential for soil carbon accumulation on the Loess Plateau.Among the newly sequestrated total soil carbon,the heavy fraction(HF-SOC) with a slow turnover rate accounted for a considerably high percentage,suggesting that significant sequestrated carbon can be stored in soils following afforestation.Furthermore,afforestation induces SIC sequestration.Although its contribution to TSC accumulation was less than SOC,overlooking it may substantially underestimate the capacity of carbon sequestration after afforestation on the Loess Plateau.