DMD的活化预处理及其全无氯漂序的研究

研究了桉木硫酸盐浆对氧脱木质素段和过氧化氢漂段的活化作用以及ＤＭＤ用量对氧段和过氧化氢段浆性能的影响,使经ＭＯＱＭＰ多段漂白的纸浆最终白度达８０％以上,纸浆粘度满足要求,可以实现桉木硫酸盐浆的全无氯漂白。     

分批和分批补料培养合成低纤维素酶酶活力的木聚糖酶

研究了里氏木霉RutC30在分批培养和分批补料培养模式下合成低纤维素酶酶活力的木聚糖酶及其在生物漂白上的应用。底物质量浓度为15g/L的木聚糖分批培养合成木聚糖酶,酶活力为152.09IU/mL、酶产率为2112.4IU/(L·h)、酶得率为10139.3IU(以每克木聚糖计,下同)。底物质量浓度为17g/L的木聚糖分批补料合成木聚糖酶,酶活力为252.14IU/mL、酶产率为3501.9IU/(L·h)、酶得率为14831.8IU,产酶效果远优于分批培养模式。该木聚糖酶用于草浆预漂白,在相同有效氯用量下,与对照浆相比可使白度提高2%~5%,SBD;在达到相同白度条件下,木聚糖酶预处理的纸浆后续漂白有效氯用量可降低43%。     

绿液预处理麦秆纤维素酶水解的研究

研究了绿液预处理对麦秆酶水解的影响.比较了不同绿液预处理条件下麦秆的浆得率、成分组成与纤维素酶解率,结果表明,预处理条件越剧烈,原料损失越大,而木质素脱除率越高,且在相同酶水解条件下,纤维素酶解率却越高,其中适宜的条件是预处理温度150℃,总碱量8％(Na2O计,对绝干原料)和硫化度40％,浆得率62.0％,葡聚糖、木聚糖和木质素质量分数50.0％、18.9％和16.2％,葡萄糖和木糖得率分别为74.2％和73.5％.考察了质量浓度和酶用量对绿液预处理麦秆酶水解的影响,优化了商品纤维素酶酶系结构和Tween-80的添加量,表明绿液预处理麦秆纤维素酶水解的适宜条件为质量浓度100 g/L,纤维素酶用量15 FPU/g(以纤维素计,下同),β-葡萄糖苷酶9 IU/g,木聚糖酶30 IU/g,Tween-800.05 g/g.在以上条件下,酶水解72 h,葡萄糖得率和木糖得率分别达到了82.5％和77.8％,是优化前的2.6和1.6倍.     

相思树硫酸盐浆无元素氯漂白性能的研究

系统对比研究了大叶相思、马占相思、厚荚相思及纹荚相思4种相思树硫酸盐法制浆性能及无元素氯(ECF)漂白性能。结果表明,采用硫酸盐法制浆,用碱量(氧化钠计)16%、硫化度25%时,制得的4种相思树硫酸盐浆经OPDP1P2(OP为氧强化脱木质素,D为ClO2漂,P为H2O2漂)4段漂白,漂后纸浆的光学性能及强度性能优良。纸浆白度均达86.0%(ISO,以下同)以上,叩解度为30°SR时,抗张指数在55.8~60.7N·m/g之间。4种相思树中大叶相思的制浆性能最优,马占相思和纹荚相思居中,厚荚相思的制浆性能最差。     

硫酸盐木质素对预处理杨木酶水解糖化的影响

为研究水溶性硫酸盐木质素对不同预处理杨木酶水解的影响,将硫酸盐木质素(KL)进行分级处理形成水溶性硫酸盐木质素(KL5)后,分别添加到纤维素酶(CTec2)水解体系中,考察KL与KL5对绿液(GL)、酸性亚硫酸氢钠(AS)及亚硫酸钠-甲醛(SF)预处理杨木底物浆料酶水解糖化效率的影响。结果表明:在GL预处理条件下,随着KL5用量的增加,各聚糖转化率和酶水解反应速率均显著提高,当KL5用量为0.1 g/g时,底物总糖转化率达到最大值83.1%,但添加KL会抑制酶水解糖化效率;在AS和SF预处理条件下,底物中添加KL5后各聚糖转化率与GL预处理酶水解各聚糖转化率相似;在较低浓度条件下,KL5对GL预处理酶水解效率的促进作用明显优于Reax 85A和PEG 4000添加剂。改性工业废渣硫酸盐木质素作为酶水解助剂能够明显提高酶水解糖化效率,为高效利用过程废液废渣组分、减少水解酶的用量成本提供理论依据。     

漆酶-介体系统处理麦草化学浆全无氯漂白性能的研究

采用漆酶－介体系统对麦草化学浆进行预处理，研究了几种全无氯漂白（TCF漂白）[氧碱脱木质素配合两段过氧化氢漂白（OEPP），两段过氧化氢漂白（QPP）和过乙酸配合一段过氧化氢漂白(PaP)]对漆酶处理后纸浆漂白性能的作用，结果表明，麦草浆经过漆酶预处理后，白度上升了12．9个白度单位（%,ISO)，漆酶处理浆氧碱脱木质素配合过氧化氢漂白后比原浆在相同条件下漂白后白度高14个白度单位以上，经两段过氧化氢漂白后白度比原浆在相同条件下（过氧化氢用量4％）漂白后白度高18．3个白度单位，经过乙酸过氧化氢漂白后比原浆在相同条件下漂白后白度高8．1个白度单位。漆酶处理浆漂白后强度比原浆漂白后的低，但是其白度高，如漂至相同的白度可以节约大量漂剂，有利于改善浆的质量，降低漂白废水的污染负荷。     

马尾松硫酸盐浆单段氧脱木质素最佳工艺条件的研究

研究了马尾松硫酸盐浆单段氧脱木质素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明 :氧压0 .6MPa、温度 10 0℃、时间 80min、NaOH用量 5%、MgSO4用量 0 .5%、浆浓 10 % ,在此条件下 ,纸浆木质素脱出率 4 7 1% ,氧脱木质素后纸浆粘度 94 8 1cm3/g ,白度 4 1 0 %(ISO) ,得率 96.9% ,经过氧脱木质素后浆的裂断长 6 3km ,耐破指数 5 8kPa·m2 /g ,撕裂指数 14 1mN .m2 /g     

蔗渣浆全无氯清洁漂白生产实践

总结了蔗渣浆清洁漂白生产线运行全无氯(Op QPo)流程时的小试实验、流程设计及生产实践经验。结果表明:未漂蔗渣浆经强化氧脱木质素处理之后,卡伯值从14.0~15.0降至7.0~7.3,脱木质素率达到50%~51%,白度则从42%~45%(ISO,下同)提高至58%~60%,生产运行效果优于小试实验;经后续预处理和压力过氧化氢漂白之后,纸浆产品白度达到80%以上,黏度在800 m L/g以上,产品质量明显优于传统氯气漂白-碱处理-次氯酸盐漂白(CEH)漂白;漂白过程不产生有毒有害的可吸附有机卤化物(AOX),且仅螯合预处理(Q)段有废水排放,废水色度低、污染负荷轻,易处理,可达标排放;相对传统漂白,新技术的实施并不会增加运行费用,主体设备投资约为1 355万元人民币。     

竹子深度脱木质素蒸煮与常规硫酸盐法蒸煮的比较

为了提高竹浆性能和减少环境污染,对福建丛生小径竹进行了实验室模拟延伸改良连续蒸煮(EMCC)和常规硫酸盐法蒸煮(CKC)的研究。结果表明,EMCC蒸煮通过分段加入蒸煮药液和在逆流段进行药液置换,比CKC具有更高的脱木质素选择性。在蒸煮相同卡伯值的竹浆时,EMCC浆比常规硫酸盐浆(CK浆)具有更高细浆得率、较低粗渣率、更高粘度和更好强度性能。在相同的打浆度下,EMCC浆抗张指数、耐破指数和撕裂指数都比常规硫酸盐浆高。     

桉树硫酸盐浆的漂白

桉木硫酸盐漂白浆的显著特点是松厚度好和不透明度高,适宜于制造各种印刷纸,书写纸和卫生用薄纸,手感柔软。是目前纸张生产者乐于接受的一个浆种。桉木硫酸盐未漂浆经氧脱木素卡伯值可降低45～50％。氯化纸浆中的有机氯比未经氧脱木素纸浆申的有机氯少一半。漂白废水中的有机卤物化(AOX)生成量很低。在氯和次氯酸盐漂白过程中能生成微量的二恶英(DIOXIN)、三氯甲烷。用二氧化氯取代氯气是目前减少此类有害物质生成的有效手段。现代化的漂白流程都包括有氧脱木素过程,在氯化段用高百分比二氧化氯代替氯气,碱抽提段在加热状态下加入少量氧气,可大大地减少后面漂白段的二氧化氯耗用量。桉木硫酸盐浆经氧脱木素后用C/D—E/0—D短流程的三段漂白可获得89％(ISO)白度的全漂白化学木浆。     

马尾松硫酸盐浆两段氧脱木质素最佳工艺条件的研究

研究了马尾松硫酸浆两段氧脱木质素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，第一段氧脱木质素的条件为：氧压0．6MPa，温度100℃，时间80min,NaOH 量5％，MgSO4用量0．5％，浆浓10％；第二段氧脱木质素的条件为：氧压0．4MPa，温度90℃，时间60min，NaOH用量3％，MgSO4用量0．5％，浆浓10％。在此条件下，OIOⅡ木质素脱除率达到72．5％，粘度775．2cm^3/g,得率90．5％。经过氧脱木质素后浆的裂断长5．8km，耐破指数5．3kPa.m^2/g，撕裂指数12．7mN.m^2/g。     

硫酸盐竹浆氧脱木质素和全无氯漂白的研究

通过比较不同条件下氧脱木质素后浆料的卡伯值、黏度、得率、白度和脱木质素选择性等指标,研究了硫酸盐竹浆卡伯值25.6氧脱木质素工艺参数,发现用碱量和温度是决定氧脱木质素效果的主要因素.最佳工艺条件为:用碱量3.5%,温度85℃,氧气压力0.6MPa,保温时间80min.两段氧脱木质素(中间不洗涤)可以提高木质素脱除率和选择性.研究还发现,在氧碱脱木质素过程中加入醌类混合物助剂(表示为Oq),可使浆料的黏度和氧脱木质素的选择性大大提高.采用OQ(PO)、(O1O2)Q(PO)、OQ(PO)1(PO)2和OqQ(PO) 4种短漂序都可使竹浆白度达到80%(ISO) 以上,且具有很好的白度稳定性.OQ(PO)、(O1O2)Q(PO)和OQ(PO)1(PO)2 3种漂序漂后浆纸页强度性能相近,OqQ(PO)漂后浆的抗张指数、撕裂指数和耐破指数明显高于其它3种漂序.     

酶处理改善稻草浆滤水性能的研究

分别用木聚糖酶和纤维素酶对漂白稻草浆进行处理，发现经酶处理后的浆料，它们的滤水性均得到明显改善，且白度亦有不同程度提高，其中纤维素酶的效果更好，但纤维素酶用量过多，则会对纤维造成损伤，影响浆料强度。     

Influence of plum gum and sodium perborate addition on spruce kraft pulp properties during oxygen delignification

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plum gum liquor and sodium perborate addition to oxygen delignification process on spruce kraft pulp properties. Yields and viscosity of pulp were protected against oxidative attack, when kappa number of pulp was not changed by adding plum gum to oxygen delignification process. Delignification ratio improved by 7.4% without any viscosity loss by adding only 0.25% sodium perborate as active oxygen with plum gum liquor to the oxygen delignification process. It was found that crystallinity of pulp was improved by adding plum gum and sodium perborate to oxygen delignification. It was also determined that sodium perborate had an affirmative effect on delignification ratio, when plum gum affected pulp viscosity positively.     

麦草低温氧碱蒸煮黑液降黏技术

麦草经碱法蒸煮后,所得浆料不经洗涤,直接通入氧气进行处理。以黑液黏度,浆料卡伯值为考核指标,设置4因素3水平正交试验,对试验结果作极差分析发现,在用碱量0～2%、氧压0.2～0.6 MPa、温度70～100℃和时间30～90 min内得到较适宜的工艺条件为:用碱量1%,氧压0.6 MPa,温度85℃,时间60 min。氧碱蒸煮结果为:黑液黏度3.4 mPa.s,浆料卡伯值17.9。与第一段碱法蒸煮相比,黑液黏度降低33.3%,浆料卡伯值降低11.8%。     

氧漂过程中脱木质素与木质素氧化之间定量关系的研究

对氧碱漂白过程中木质素氧化进行定量分析,分析方法是基于氧化前后高锰酸钾消耗量的变化。该方法对溶出残余木质素的氧化结果分析发现其呈明显3个阶段：第一段木质素氧化的当量电荷数约4～5／木质素单元;木质素总氧化电荷数大约为9／木质素单元。这些数据以及甲氧基的脱除（75％）均表明：木质素的氧化不仅发生在酚型木质素单元,同时也发生在非酚型结构单元上。只有第一阶段氧化反应是木质素与氧气直接反应,而在第二、三阶段主要是协同氧化作用,氧化反应过程中产生的活性氧基团扮演了一定角色。通过对低浓度针叶材硫酸盐浆的氧漂研究发现：当卡伯值下降一半（25．4至13．4）时平均每个木质素单元氧化3当量电子,氧漂后的纸浆中仍然有大量未被氧化的残余木质素。定量地证明了在氧漂过程中木质素氧化是脱木质素反应的实质。     

麦草碱性亚硫酸盐制浆生物炼制的研究(I) ——深度脱木质素及木质素磺化特性

提出了非木材木质纤维生物质碱性亚硫酸盐制浆(ASP)生物炼制的理念,研究了总用碱量、亚硫酸化度、温度和时间对麦草碱性亚硫酸盐法蒸煮深度脱木质素特性和木质素磺化的影响。结果表明:麦草ASP法具有高的深度脱木质素选择性;深度脱木质素延伸与木质素磺化度提高具有一致性;总用碱量、亚硫酸化度、最高温度和保温时间对深度脱木质素选择性和木质素磺化度都有重要的影响;在总碱用量18.0%,亚硫酸化度85.0%,液比值3.5,最高温度168℃,保温150 min的条件下,可制得卡伯值8.8,得率56.8%,黏度为33.3 mPa.s的优良纸浆,此时黑液中磺化木质素磺酸基含量达2.16 mmol/g(以固形物计)。从深度脱木质素选择性、木质素磺化和纸浆基本特性考虑,麦草ASP法具有制浆生物炼制的前景。     

On the selectivity of ozone delignification of softwood kraft pulps

Summary Ozonation of kraft pulp and oxygen-delignified kraft pulp in acetic acid/water mixtures has been studied at different pulp consistencies with and without an inhibitor to obtain information about the limitations of the selectivity of the ozone treatment. The experiments have been performed according to a full factorial design and data have been analysed by stepwise regression analysis. The results show that a better delignification selectivity can be achieved when ozone is applied in acetic acid media instead of conventional aqueous media. By combining conventional oxygen delignification and ozonation in acetic acid, pulps with equal strength properties and better optical properties compared to those of conventional O(DC)E prebleached pulps can be obtained. This study has also revealed that the reagent is utilized far more efficiently in ozonation at high pulp consistency (35%) than in ozonation at low consistency (1%), and that a similar selectivity can be achieved in both types of ozonation by choosing appropriate conditions. The greater selectivity of ozonation in acetic acid than in water is interpreted in terms of different stabilities of the oxidant in these reaction media. The relation between the formation of hydroxyl radicals and the extent and selectivity of delignification during ozonation has been investigated. The final bleaching of pulps prebleached with ozone in acetic acid medium has been studied. Two final bleaching sequences are presented, by which pulps with ISO brightness levels of 79% and 90% can be produced.The authors are indebted to the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling) for financial support for this work and to STORA Technology for pulp tests and analyses     

Combination treatment of kenaf bast fiber for high viscosity pulp

The viscosity of kenaf bast fiber has been found to be highly sensitive and variable with different pulping methods; therefore, it is important to choose proper chemicals and conditions for pulping and bleaching of kenaf bast fiber. From several pulping experiments, a nonconventional pulping method with a combination of ammonium oxalate pretreatment followed by soda pulping at normal pressure and then acidic chlorite delignification was developed to obtain high-viscosity pulp (162 centipoise). The optimum level of alkali dosage of soda pulping for high-viscosity pulp was found to be 15% (on pulp as NaOH). Pulps showed linear relations between viscosity and xylose or glucose contents, but the combination pulping method gave extremely high pulp viscosity, beyond the relations. The highest viscosity pulp from kenaf bast fiber demonstrated a tear index about twofold and a folding endurance 6.2-fold higher than those of Manila hemp pulp with comparable tensile and burst indexes. The high-viscosity pulp could be used in the production of high-quality currency paper or longevity paper for special uses.Part of this paper was presented at the 43rd Lignin Symposium, Fuchu, Tokyo, October 26–27, 1998     

Acetic acid pulping of wheat straw under atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric acetic acid pulping of wheat straw was carried out. Pulping conditions and their effects on pulp properties were investigated in detail, and a comparison between acetic acid (AcOH) pulp and soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulps of wheat straw was made of the chemical composition, strength, and fiber morphology of the pulps. Wheat straw was successfully pulped and fractionated into pulp (cellulose), acetic acid lignin, and sugars (monosaccharides from hemicellulose), making it easy to utilize them. It was found that among the pulping conditions the dosage of H₂SO₄ as catalyst was the most notable, and the extent and rate of delignification could be controlled by varying the amount of the catalyst. The results also showed that acetic acid pulp was quite different from soda-AQ pulp. About 70% of the ash or 90% of the silica in wheat straw were kept in AcOH pulp. The ash might function as filler and be beneficial to the printability of paper. It was known that many epidermal cells existed in AcOH pulp in bundles or in single cells. These ash-rich nonfiber cells seemed to hinder the bonding between fibers. AcOH pulp had lower strength than soda-AQ pulp, which might result mainly from the chemical damage of fibers caused by acid, not from the depolymerization of cellulose.Part of this paper was presented at the 65th Pulp and Paper Research Conference of Japan TAPPI, Tokyo, June 1998