四种杨树扦插苗的硝酸还原酶活力体内衰减的初步研究

硝酸还原酶(NADH:NR E.C.1.6.6.1)是植物体内同化硝酸盐的关键酶,可作为作物育种和营养诊断的生化指标。在木本植物方面,硝酸还原酶的研究正在不断向广度和深度发展。     

光皮桦苗期NR活力等3项生理生化特性研究

通过对光皮桦、青冈栎苗期ＮＲ活力、氨基态氮含量及全氮含量等３项生理生化特性对比研究，揭示了光皮桦的速生机理     

火炬松和湿地松幼苗蔗糖含量与生长潜势关系的研究初报

火炬松(Pinux taeda L.)和湿地松(Pinus elliottii Engelm)是我国南方重要的外引用材树种,经过多年的试验研究,已选出一批较好的种源、家系和单株,并建立了种子园。当前早期鉴定和早期选择已成为必不可少的一项研究内容,近几年来越来越多的研究者指出,林木幼龄期的某些性状或生理生化指标与成熟期性状之间存在一定的相关性,认为树木生长的早期选择是可能的,尤其从生理生化方面来探索林木早期预测的研究已引起人们的高度重视。但     

Nitrate metabolism in Scots pine seedlings during their first growing season

Fluctuations in nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrate, nitrite, protein and total nitrogen content of bare-root Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) raised outdoors were investigated during the first growing season. Nitrate reductase activity was higher in roots than in needles, whereas NO(3) (-) content was higher in needles than in roots and increased in both from June to October. Nitrate reductase activity in roots correlated more closely with NO(3) (-) N in the soil than did NO(3) (-) in the roots. In autumn, there was a closer correlation between foliar NRA and NO(3) (-) in the needles than with NO(3) (-)-N in the soil. Nitrite was not detected in the seedlings during the growing season. Total nitrogen content decreased toward the autumn, whereas protein content initially decreased but increased again in autumn. Acrylic netting placed above the seedlings increased both air and soil temperatures and apparently accelerated the use of nitrate.     

Effect of rhizobial inoculations on nitrogen metabolism of Albizia lebbek seedlings

Rhizobia were isolated from Albizia lebbek (L) Benth. seed-lings collected from six different places, tested against the nodulation test and inoculated into 45 day old Albizia lebbek seedlings in steri...     

Short term effect of applied nitrate on nitrogen metabilism of Acacia catechu seedlings

Nitrogen metabolism of Acacia catechu seedlings was studied after 5, 10 and 15 days of daily 20 mM nitrate application. Fresh weight of shoots and total nitrogen content of the plants increased significantly with applied nitrate but there was no effect on nodulation. An increase in the nitrate reductase activity, nitrate and nitrite content in nodules and leaves of the treated plants was also observed. However, the total soluble protein content declined and the amino acid content increased in different parts of the treated plants.     

Effects of different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus on chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and photosynthesis in Larix olgensis seedlings

In our experiments, one-year-old Larix olgensis seedlings were cultivated in sand, and supplied with solutions with different concentrations of nitrate or phosphate. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on chlorophyll biosynthesis, total nitrogen content, and photosynthetic rate were studied. The experimental results are listed below: 1) 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetic rate increased as nitrate concentrations supplied to larch seedlings increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L. But the rate decreased by 17% when nitrate concentration increased to 16 mmol/L, in contrast to the control. Under phosphate treatments, ALA synthetic rates were similar to those under nitrate treatments. The activities of porphobilinogen (PBG) synthase reached a maximum when larch seedlings were supplied with 8 mmol/L of nitrate or 1 mmol/L of phosphate. 2) when larch seedlings were supplied with 8 mmol/L of nitrate and 0.5 mmol/L of phosphate, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids reached a maximum. The total nitrogen contents in leaves increased as nitrate concentrations increased. 3) When phosphate concentrations increased from 0.125 to 1 mmol/L, the total nitrogen contents in leaves slightly increased; however, continuous increase of phosphate concentrations resulted in the decrease in total nitrogen contents in leaves. When nitrate concentrations increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L, soluble protein contents in leaves increased in general, and continuous increase of nitrate concentrations induced a decrease in soluble protein contents in leaves. Under treatment of 0.25 mmol/L of phosphate, the soluble protein contents reached a maximum. 4) In general, F _v/F _m increased as nitrate concentrations increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L, and continuous increase of nitrate concentration resulted in decrease in F _v/F _m. The similar changes occurred under phosphate treatments. As nitrate concentrations increased from 1 to 8 mmol/L, photosynthetic rates gradually increased, but when nitrate concentrations increased to 16 mmol/L, photosynthetic rate reduced by 16%, in contrast to the control. Photosynthetic rates reached a maximum when seedlings were supplied with 1 mmol/L, and an oversupply of phosphate (2 mmol/L) resulted in decrease in photosynthetic rates. The results suggested that supply levels of nitrogen affected ALA biosynthetic rates, activities of PBG synthase, and affected contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Moreover, nitrogen supply levels affected contents of total nitrogen and soluble proteins in leaves, and net photosynthetic rates. ALA biosynthesis rates and activities of PBG synthase were affected by phosphate supply, but contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids were not affected. And net photosynthetic rates were affected little by phosphate supply. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(4) [译自:林业科学, 2005, 41(4)]     

Nitrate content, amino acid composition and growth of yellow birch seedlings in response to light and nitrogen source

Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) seedlings were grown for three months in a greenhouse at two radiant flux densities-full light (FL) and 50% shade (LL)-and with three nitrogen sources- ammonium only (NH(4) (+)), nitrate only (NO(3) (-)) and a 1:1 mixture of ammonium and nitrate (NH(4) (+)/NO(3) (-))-in a completely randomized factorial design. The total biomass of seedlings grown under low light (LL) did not vary significantly with nitrogen source; although NO(3) (-)-treated seedlings were smaller and had a significantly lower (P 相似文献   

寄主植物对芒果壮铗普瘿蚊为害的生理效应

研究芒果壮铗普瘿蚊不同程度为害下寄主植物叶片中硝态氮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量以及植物保护酶系——超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化.将叶片受害程度划分为4个等级:1～50,51～100,101～200,＞200(每叶片虫瘿数),并以无虫瘿为害的叶片为对照组(CK).结果表明:可溶性糖与硝态氮含量在各个等级之间均没有显著的差异;可溶性蛋白和叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量各为害等级叶片均显著低于CK;而类胡萝卜素含量,高密度为害等级(101～200,＞200)显著高于其他各组及CK.植物保护酶系测定结果显示:CK组活力最低,＞200等级SOD,POD,CAT活力均高于其他各组;其中,51～100与＞200等级SOD活力显著高于其他等级;为害等级量重的(＞200)POD和CAT活力显著高于其他等级;而1～50等级显著低于其他等级.因此,人侵害虫芒果壮铗普瘿蚊的不同为害程度直接影响植物的光合作用及有关营养物质;随着为害等级的加重可导致植物保护酶系的活性增大.     

马尾松苗针叶氮、磷代谢酶及积累量的动态变化

【目的】以1年生马尾松苗木为研究对象,从马尾松体内氮、磷代谢酶活性及其积累量的角度研究苗木对施肥的响应机制。【方法】设置不同的磷肥及钾肥随机区组试验,分析不同处理下对马尾松苗木叶绿素、氮磷转化酶(NR、ACP)活性以及针叶内氮、磷素的动态变化。【结果】1)马尾松苗木叶绿素、NR及ACP活性随季节变化表现出一定的动态变化:施磷肥处理叶绿素在7月时最高,施钾肥时滞后,8月最高;NR活性则正好相反,呈现先降低后逐渐增加的趋势;ACP活性呈现明显单峰型,8月时活性最高,而后逐渐降低到最先的水平。2)施磷肥增加马尾松针叶中NR及ACP活性,促进了植物中氮元素的分解及代谢,针叶内NR活性及氮素含量均高于对照(P0),施钾肥则表现为前期NR、ACP活性及氮素含量高于对照(K_0),叶绿素a含量高于对照,叶绿素b含量低于对照,叶绿素wa/wb明显高于对照,后期则相反,针叶内氮、磷素积累量表现一致;3)随着施肥量的增加,叶绿素含量及酶活性的变化规律不明显。【结论】马尾松苗木叶绿素、NR及ACP活性呈季节性变化,施磷肥促进氮、磷代谢酶活性,施钾肥仅在生长前期促进苗木体内氮、磷代谢。