加强森林资源保护 促进生态环境建设

林业是国民经济和社会发展的重要组成部分。改革开放以来,我国林业建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,实现了森林面积和蓄积的"双增长",森林覆盖率有了很大的提高,各项林业工作不断深入。林业既是一项十分重要的公益事业,又是一项十分重要的基础产业,既有不可代替的生态效益,又有十分显著的经济效益。     

新源林区森林防火工作探析

森林防火工作是森林资源保护工作的一项重要内容,在新形势下,按照林业发展的新要求,落实科学发展观,加强对森林防火工作的研究和分析,对保护森林资源安全、改善生态环境、促进林业经济发展具有十分重要的意义。     

内蒙古党委、政府关于深化改革加快林业发展的决定

森林是陆地生态系统的主体，林业是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业，承担着生态建设和林产品供给的重要任务，做好林业工作意义十分重大。为进一步加快我区林业发展，特作如下决定。     

准确把握林业两大基本属性 努力推动现代林业科学发展

党的十七届五中全会勾画出了我国十二五发展的宏伟蓝图。林业作为重要的基础产业和具有特殊功能的公益事业,在实现十二五规划确定的战略任务中,扮演着十分重要的角色,承担着十分光荣的使命。准确把握林业的基础产业和公益事业两大基本属性,对于做好十二五各项林业改革发展工作,加快推进现代林业建设步伐,更好地服务于经济社会发展大局,具有十分重要的意义。一是准确把握林业是一项重要的基础产业,关键是要深刻认识森林是     

南木林业局全力推进林业产业健康快速发展

林业作为一项重要的公益事业和基础产业已成为国民经济和社会发展的重要组成部分,建立比较完备的森林生态体系和比较发达的林业产业体系是新时期林业工作的重点。林业产业化建设作为新时期林业工作的重要内容,对国民经济和社会发展具有十分重要的意义。结合南木林业局的实际,因     

林业企业筹资途径

林业是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业,承担着生态建设和林产品供给的重要任务.我国还是一个缺林少绿的国家,森林总量不足,分布不均,质量不高,森林生态功能十分脆弱,迫切要求实现林业跨越式发展.近两年,国家林业建设政策发生根本性转变,由以往部门办林业转向社会办林业,国家开始鼓励企业、个人以及其他各种方式投资林业,采取市场化机制进行运作.充足的资金投入是林业跨越发展的前提,林业企业必须拓宽融资渠道,注意筹资方式.     

森林保险 顺民意 得民心 解民忧

内蒙古自治区森林面积达3.55亿亩,居全国第一位,是祖国北方最重要的生态安全屏障。森林保险作为国家推出的一项兴林惠民政策,不仅是增强林业风险抵御能力的重要机制,还是推进集体林权制度改革的一项重要配套措施。森林保险是保护森林资源,巩固生态文明建设成果和实现人与自然和谐发展的有力措施。林业的生态功能,决定了其在生态文明建设中的首要地位。同时,作为高风险的"露天"产业,林业发展十分脆弱。林木在漫长的生长周期里,很容易受火、风、雪、水、病虫害等自     

论林业产业

林业在社会和经济发展中具有十分重要的地位,是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业,承担着生态建设和林产品供给的重要任务。林业是生态建设的主体,也是提供和丰富人民群众生活多样产品的产业部门,建立比较完备的生态体系和比较发达的产业体系是林业工作永恒的主体。一、人类对森林的价值取向不断进化和调整森林是庞大复杂的生态系统,是陆地生物圈的主体,在人类进化和社会发展的过程中,人类对森林的价值取向是不断变化和调整的。在远古时代人类形成在森林中,森林是人类的栖息地、食物供给地,人们依赖森林而生存而发展。随着人类的进化,出现了种植…     

东北地区森林火险气候区划

森林火险气候区划是一项重要的防火技术措施,它为不同地区的林火预防,林火扑救以及林火指挥提供了依据。作为我国主要林业生产基地的东北林区,其森林火灾十分严重。因此,在该地区适时开展森林火险气候区划工作,对保护森林资源和生态环境有着重要的意义。一、区划原则森林火险气候区划是根据气候的变化,     

林业在生态旅游中的优势

森林是生态旅游的一项重要资源，我国森林旅游业起步于改革开放之初。１９８２年，我国建立了第一个森林公园——张家界国家森林公园，为中国的森林旅游开创了成功范例。林业在生态旅游中有得天独厚的优势：首先，林业拥有独具特色的森林生态旅游资源和林区独具魅力的森林...     

马尾松林火灾后生态效益损失动态评估

依据林分生长规律和经营模式,建立生态效益损失动态评估模型;对广州从化30年生马尾松林分森林火灾后,经过人工更新的林分45年内所产生的生态效益进行模拟,认为该林分若未遭受森林火灾,封山育林模式的生态效益最大;灾后更新林分需要30年才能恢复相当于灾前林分的生态效益;其间生态效益的损失量为传统静态定量估算的25.92倍.如果林分采取30年轮伐的经营模式,在第19年左右时轮伐林分和灾后更新林分所产生的生态效益平衡;此后人工更新林分的生态效益渐高,而受灾林分经人工更新后第17年时的生态效益近似于轮伐林分的稳定值.轮伐型所带来的总效益在前6年大于封育型的总效益,但第7年以后其总效益开始小于封育型经营模式的生态效益.     

大庆龙凤湿地自然保护区综合效益评价

主要阐述大庆龙凤省级湿地自然保护区现状与生态环境的多样性,并尝试着从生态效益、社会效益、经济效益3个方面对湿地进行综合效益评价分析,从而提出湿地保护区保护、管理等方面措施。     

早期银杏林下复合经营模式的综合效益评价

在对北京房山地区试验基地建立的三种银杏林下复合经营模式进行样本调查和定点观测的基础上,参考国内外林下复合经营系统的综合效益评价研究进展,应用层次分析法,对3种银杏林下复合经营模式:银杏-平菇模式(M1),银杏-板蓝根模式(M2)和银杏-红豆模式(M3),分别从生态效益、社会效益、经济效益和综合效益进行了分析和评价。评价结果表明,在银杏林下复合经营模式的第一年经营中,银杏-平菇模式的效益最好,明显好于M2和M3模式。这为银杏林地的早期复合经营提供了理论依据,并为林地经营管理者提供有效的决策支持。     

External economic benefits and social goods from prairie shelterbelts

Shelterbelts are a valuable resource to those who plant them and to other members of society. The external benefits to society can be worth as much as the private benefits to producers. However, the external benefits have not been quantified or monetized in a well-documented way. In this study, external benefits were estimated for tree seedlings distributed by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Shelterbelt Centre in the Canadian Prairie Provinces for the period 1981–2001. Estimation of these benefits required information on the biophysical changes caused by shelterbelts and their valuation. Using literature, we estimated that the value of these external benefits amounted to over $140 million (2001 CDN$; CDN$1 = US$0.63). The majority of this value was derived from carbon sequestration ($73 million) and reduced soil erosion ($15 million) services with the remainder being contributed by biodiversity and water and air quality services. Other external benefits, such as health values, transportation safety, aesthetics and property values were identified but could not be estimated due to a lack of data. The estimated value for external benefits conferred by shelterbelts in this study indicates that they are large and suggests that both private and external benefits need to be considered in formulating policies or programs so that benefits to the society can be maximized.     

我国南方集体林区伐区采集作业模式优选

在计算各伐区作业模式的经济效益指标和定位测定由诸作业造成的土壤肥力和蓄水保土等指标变化量的基础上，采用多目标决策和层次分析等方法，定量计算和伐区作业模式的综合效益（经济效益和生态效益），为确定伐区生产工艺提供科学的方案。计算结果表明，“皆伐作业－全悬索道集材”作业模式是伐区采集作业的优化作业模式，这一结论适合类似试验条件的林区借鉴。     

厂矿园林绿化的特点与效益评价

基于厂矿园林绿化立地条件的特点,阐述了厂矿园林绿化树种选择的原则和各类树种配置比例,并从环境效益、社会效益和经济效益3个方面,对厂矿园林绿化进行了效益评价。     

Production efficiency of community forest management in Nepal

Nepal's forests have been transferred to community management with the twin objectives of supplying forest products and addressing local environmental problems. Community forests provide a range of benefits, from direct forest products such as timber and non-provisioning ecosystem services such as soil protection. There is a need to understand the extent to which environmental and community benefits are joint products or substitutes. Stochastic frontier production analysis (SFPA) was used to study the production relationship between environmental and community benefits and production efficiency analysis to study the extent to which communities were able to achieve maximum benefits. SFPA indicated that the magnitude of direct forest product benefits was influenced by various socioeconomic and forest related factors such as distance to the government office, community forest size, and group heterogeneity negatively affect community forest products benefits. On the other hand, links to the market, forest products dependency, and the number of households in the community augment benefits from community forests. In addition, forest product benefits and environmental benefits were complementary to each other. Production efficiency analysis showed that communities were not producing forest products efficiently. Factors such as social capital contributed positively to production efficiency, whereas caste heterogeneity in the executive committees of community forest user groups was negatively associated with efficiency. These findings can contribute to better implementation of community forestry programmes in Nepal, improving the welfare of communities by increasing direct forest product benefits without environmental harm.     

海坛岛木麻黄防护林生态经济效益研究

采用直接计算法和替代工程法,对海坛岛木麻黄防护林的生态经济效益进行了评估,重点计算了涵养水源、防风增产、土壤保育、固碳制氧这4个主要的生态经济效益。结果表明：海坛岛木麻黄防护林具有较大的生态经济效益,具体为：涵养水源效益6980．81万元·a-1,防风增产效益987．71万元·a-1,固碳制氧效益344．99万元·a-1,土壤保育效益173．63万元·a-1。研究结果可作为建立海坛岛木麻黄防护林生态补偿机制的依据。     

Research on Evaluation of Forest Ecological Benefit

Forests possess many kinds of ecological functions,which, if expressed in monetary value, would be moreimpressive and definite to make the public as well asthe government recognize its comprehensive effectsand values, and to enhance their consciousness of forestresources protection. However, to date there is nostandard system about how to evaluate forest ecologicalbenefits. Therefore, it is exigent for us to find out howto identify its public benefits and to make scientificevaluation on variou…     

A socio-demographic examination of the perceived benefits of agroforestry

Agroforestry has been suggested to produce an array of ecological and socio-economic benefits that not only reach their adopters, but society as a whole. In spite of strong evidence of the benefits of agroforestry, there is a lack of understanding of the public perceptions of those benefits, which prevents the development of benefit-based promotion strategies of agroforestry products. Thus, this study examines the awareness of these benefits among residents and explores whether perceptions vary across individuals with different socio-demographic characteristics. An on-line platform was used to survey three panels of residents from Missouri, Pennsylvania and Texas. Overall, respondents had a neutral perception of the importance of the ecological and socio-economic benefits that agroforestry farms provide to society when compared to farms employing conventional agricultural practices. These results stress the need to increase public awareness of agroforestry practices and their benefits to more strategically position their products among the final consumer. Gender, education level, and residence location were significantly associated with the perceived ecological benefits produced by agroforestry farms and to a lesser extent with the socio-economic benefits. Results also showed that females and young individuals have a greater awareness of several benefits produced by agroforestry farms. Critical marketing implications to stimulate the purchase of agroforestry products (e.g., berries, nuts) among specific groups of consumers are discussed.