山东昆嵛山野生藤本植物资源调查与经济利用

调查显示:昆嵛山国家森林公园野生藤本植物隶属于22科、40属,共计68种;同时探讨了野生藤本植物在药用、观赏、工业、农业及水土保持方面的经济利用、应用前景。     

泉州野生藤本植物园林开发利用价值综合评价

对泉州市野生藤本植物资源全面调查的结果表明,泉州市共有野生藤本植物286种（亚种、变种、变型）,分别隶属于53科127属。应用层次分析法,对自然生长在山野、还没有被大量引种驯化和商业开发的51科122属266种野生非寄生性藤本植物的园林开发利用价值进行综合评价并分级,开发利用价值为Ⅰ级的野生藤本植物有栝楼 Trichosanthes kirilowii、红叶藤 Rourea minor、香花崖豆藤 Millettia dielsiana、黄独 Dioscorea bulbifera、冠盖藤Pileostegia viburnoides 等26种,Ⅱ级35种;Ⅲ级70种,Ⅳ级135种,在保证生态环境不受破坏的前提下,为泉州市野生藤本植物资源合理的园林开发利用奠定基础。     

浙江丽水白云山森林公园野生藤本植物区系

为了解野生藤本植物区系的特点,采用野外调查与资料查阅相结合的方法,对公园内的藤本植物进行调查和区系分析。结果表明:白云山地区野生藤本植物有32科77属183种(含种下分类群)。分别占白云山野生种子植物的21.77%、13.23%、15.63%。属水平上,本区以单种属和寡种属为主,分布类型以泛热带占优势(28.60%),其次是东亚分布(14.29%),热带亚洲分布也占据了一定的比例(11.70%);种水平上,种的分布类型以中国特有种为最多(59%),其次是东亚分布(16.40%)、热带亚洲分布(15.30%),其余类型为零星分布。按照区系分区标准,将中国特有种分为7个亚型,其中以华东-华中-华南分布最多(57种)。可见,白云山地区藤本植物种类丰富,地理成分复杂多样,拥有较多的特有植物。可以为本市的绿化提供材料。     

鸡公山自然保护区野生木质藤本植物资源及其园林应用

木质藤本植物在丰富园林树种及景观塑造中具有重要的意义。据调查统计,鸡公山自然保护区共有野生木质藤本植物108种,隶属于24科37属;其中葡萄科、毛茛科、猕猴桃科、木通科、防己科、卫矛科、蔷薇科、豆科、木兰科种类较多,占总种数的75%,具有明显优势。按其攀援方式可分为缠绕类、吸附类、卷须类、蔓生类4种类型,以缠绕藤本为主。探讨野生木质藤本植物在园林绿化中的应用。     

贵州省黔东南野生藤本经济植物资源及利用

对贵州省黔东南州16个县(市)野生藤本植物资源进行了全面调查,调查统计结果表明:黔东南具有经济价值的野生藤本植物共计38科84属299种(含种下分类群,不含蕨类植物),生活型以木质藤本为主,占77.93%。按资源类型可分为药用、野果、纤维、芳香、油脂、淀粉、观赏及其他,许多种类在国民经济中有着重要的作用。并对该区藤本经济植物资源的保护和可持续利用提出了几点建议。     

甘肃嘉陵江上游林区藤本植物资源与开发利用

甘肃嘉陵江上游林区是小陇山林区的主要组成部分,地理环境优越,蕴藏有丰富的林木资源和植物资源。据调查有高等植物1700余种,其中大型木质藤本植物约80种,有野生观赏植物和药用植物,也有纤维植物和淀粉植物。介绍16种野生或已有栽培的藤本植物,对其利用途径进行初步探讨。     

秦岭藤本植物资源及其园林应用研究

随着城市建设对园林绿化要求的不断提升,利用藤本植物营造垂直绿化景观已成为当下热点,本文通过对秦岭地区藤本植物资源及其园林应用价值进行调查分析,结果表明:(1)秦岭地区藤本植物有285种,隶属于36科、98属,木质藤本164种,草质藤本121种;(2)秦岭具有观赏价值及园林应用的藤本植物198种,隶属33科、61属。其中观叶类130种,观花类37种,观果类31种;(3)分析了秦岭藤本植物园林应用的5种主要形式;(4)提出了秦岭藤本植物应用的建议。     

福建藤山自然保护区藤本植物多样性研究

研究了福建藤山自然保护区藤本植物地理分布、生活型特征,藤本植物多样性与环境因子、植被演替阶段的关系。结果表明:区内共有藤本植物233种,藤本植物资源丰富度高;植物区系以热带和泛热带成分为主;生活型以木质攀援藤本为主,占调查野生藤本植物种类50%,其次是缠绕型,占22 6%;从藤本植物种数和株数来看,以沟谷常绿阔叶林最多,沟谷常绿阔叶林>疏林>竹林>山地常绿阔叶林>针叶林,并随着海拔的升高而降低。     

广东省野生藤本植物资源及其在园林绿化中的应用

广东省共有野生藤本种子植物512种,隶属于50科,159属.主要分布在粤北和粤西.其中葡萄科、茜草科、蝶形花科、萝簟科、葫芦科、萝蘑科、旋花科和夹竹桃科种类较多,优势现象明显.按茎的质地可将广东省的野生藤本植物分为木质藤本、草质藤本、攀援灌木状藤本、无叶藤本和肉质藤本5类,以木质藤本植物为主.按其攀附方式可分为缠绕藤本、卷须攀援型、钩刺攀援型、吸附攀援型4类,以缠绕藤本为主.对野生藤本植物在广东园林绿化中的应用进行了初步探讨.     

平潭野生藤本植物资源调查及园林应用分析

以平潭主岛及周边海岛上野生藤本植物资源为研究对象,采用样线法进行实地调研收集,并利用TOPSIS法对该研究区的藤本植物资源开发利用进行综合评价分析。结果表明:平潭藤本植物共37种,隶属于18科32属,单种科较多,其中豆科和葡萄科是优势科,野生藤本植物以仅含1个种的属为主,占总属数的87.50%;双子叶野生藤本占比94.59%,优势明显,单子叶藤本和蕨类藤本种类较为贫乏;攀援方式以缠绕方式为主,占75.68%,卷须类、吸附类、钩刺及其他蔓生类占比较少。筛选出综合评价优良的藤本植物30种,如,三叶地锦(Parthenocissus semicordata)、爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)、蘡薁(Vitis bryoniifolia)、乌蔹莓(Cayratia japonica)、菝葜(Smilax china)、肾叶打碗花(Calystegia soldanella)、海刀豆(Canavalia rosea)等,可应用于园林立体绿化。此外,结合平潭实际情况,提出相应藤本植物在园林中的应用方式以及开发保护建议。     

哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的物种多样性及其与支柱木的关系

分别在哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林沟谷和坡面调查了10个20m×50m的样地,研究哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林木质藤本植物的物种多样性及其与支柱木的关系。结果表明:研究区共记录到DBH≥1cm的木质藤本植物402株(隶属于23种21属16科)和DBH≥10cm的林木1522株(隶属于47种30属15科);与其他亚热带森林比较,该森林中木质藤本植物物种较为丰富但多度较低;藤本植物的物种丰富度、密度和基面积在沟谷显著高于坡面,而林木的差异性不显著;木质藤本植物在支柱木上呈集群分布,并且不同种支柱木被藤本植物攀援的百分比间存在显著的差异(P0.001),说明藤本植物的攀援对支柱木具有选择性;云南越桔、薄叶马银花和景东冬青等树种因其树皮光滑而不易被藤本植物攀援,而腾冲栲、七裂槭、山矾和多花山矾等则易于被藤本植物攀援;大径级支柱木被藤本植物攀援的比率高于小径级支柱木;茎缠绕和钩刺攀援藤本的胸径与支柱木胸径极显著相关(P0.001),根攀援和卷须攀援藤本的胸径与支柱木胸径相关性不显著(P0.05)。     

Comparative water relations of mature mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) trees with and without lianas in a subhumid,seasonally dry forest in Bolivia

Many evergreen mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) trees in the seasonally dry Bajo Paragua forest in northeast Bolivia carry substantial liana loads. Evergreen lianas may impede the growth of their host trees in various ways, including competition for water. Hypotheses tested were that water relations status differs (a) between lianas and their host trees, and (b) between trees infested with lianas that were cut 3.5 months previously (treated trees) and control trees with intact lianas. Diurnal measurements of stomatal conductance (g(s)) and leaf water potential (Psi) were made on canopy leaves of treated and control trees and lianas at the start and end of the dry season. Lianas had higher (less negative) Psi values (mean and predawn) and higher diurnal g(s) (expressed as mean or sum of diurnal values) than mahogany trees, indicating that lianas had a higher demand for, and ability to obtain, water than their host trees. Control and treated trees had a similar water relations status, suggesting that removal of lianas had no effect on the water relations of the trees, even at the end of the dry season. We conclude that either both life forms have conservative water relations that were unaffected by water availability in our study, or that the trees and lianas have access to sufficient and different sources of water because of differences in their rooting depths. Our data are consistent with studies of temperate species, indicating that lianas do not interfere with water availability to their host trees.     

海南霸王岭山地原始林与伐后林中木质藤本与支持木的多样性及其相互关系

研究海南霸王岭热带山地雨林原始林与伐后林的物种多样性及木质藤本与支持木的关系。结果表明:原始林中树木的物种丰富度和多度低于伐后林(P<0.05),而木质藤本的物种丰富度和多度在原始林与伐后林间无显著差异;原始林中树木的平均附藤率和平均每木附藤数均高于伐后林(P<0.05),而平均每藤攀附支持木个体数表现为伐后林高于原始林(P<0.05);在原始林中树木胸径与平均每木藤本数间呈显著的三次函数关系,伐后林中树木胸径与平均每木藤本数间呈显著的幂函数关系;树木高度与平均每木藤本数在2林型中均呈显著的三次函数关系。     

Tropical dry forest succession and the contribution of lianas to wood area index (WAI)

The transmission and interception of light through the canopy is an important indicator of forest productivity in tropical forest ecosystems, and the amount of light that eventually reaches the forest floor is influenced by its interactions with leaves, branches, fruits, and flowers among many different canopy elements. While most studies of forest canopy light interception focus on leaf area index (LAI), very few studies have examined wood area index (WAI), which may account for a substantial component of light interception in tropical forests. The influence of lianas on the interception of light and their overall contribution to WAI is a potentially important factor, but it is generally overlooked because of its difficulty to assess. In this paper we evaluate the relative contribution that lianas have to the overall WAI and canopy openness as function of successional stage via a latitudinal comparison of sites across the Americas (Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil). Our results suggest that lianas significantly increase WAI and decreases canopy openness. However, lianas were absent at all of our study sites where canopy openness exceeded 60%. Our data are the first to explicitly document the role of lianas in the estimation of WAI and, overall, they will contribute to better estimations of ecosystem level LAI in tropical environments, where there is a lack of data on WAI.     

Impacts of temperate lianas on tree growth in young deciduous forests

Lianas are often overlooked in temperate ecological studies even though they are important components of forest communities. While lianas have been shown to damage tropical canopy trees and reduce the growth of juvenile trees, the impact of lianas on canopy tree growth in temperate systems is largely unknown. Growth of trees ≥8 cm dbh was examined over a 9-year period within 50-year old post-agricultural secondary forests in the Piedmont region of New Jersey, USA. Five lianas, Celastrus orbiculatus, Lonicera japonica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Toxicodendron radicans, and Vitis species, occurred throughout the forest. Total liana basal area, number of stems, and percent cover within host trees were evaluated to assess liana burdens on 606 previously censused trees. These data were related to tree growth to assess liana impacts. Forest trees were separated based on their dominance in the canopy to determine whether lianas had the potential to influence forest composition. In general, lianas in the forests were fairly abundant, with 68% of the trees having at least one liana present. On average, each tree supported 9.7 cm² of liana basal area and 23% of the canopy was covered by lianas. Most of the variation in tree growth was related to the dominance of trees within the canopy, with canopy dominant and co-dominant trees growing 2.5× more than suppressed trees. Liana basal area and number of lianas stems were not related to tree growth, but liana canopy cover decreased tree growth. However, not all trees were equally affected as canopy cover of lianas only reduced growth in dominant and co-dominant trees. Lianas were most influential on host tree growth in unsuppressed trees when occupying a majority of the canopy, only a minority of forest trees. This suppression was not related to differential liana colonization of canopy trees as all canopy classes supported equivalent liana burdens. Though lianas impacted only a minority of the trees in this system, some liana species, C. orbiculatus and Vitis spp., are still increasing and may pose future risks to forest growth and development.     

川南地区园林中12种藤本植物的叶片性状及其关系

对川南地区常见的12种藤本植物叶片特征进行研究的结果表明：园林中藤本植物叶性状存在较大差异,且不同指标变异程度不同;部分性状相关性显著（P〈0．05）,比叶面积随叶片干重的增加而减小,随单位鲜重含水量的增加而增加,单位鲜重含水量、鲜重和叶面积能较好地表征不同种类比叶面积的变化（R^2=0．886,P〈0．01）;叶干重、叶鲜重与叶面积呈正相关;叶绿素含量与其它叶性状的相关性不显著。     

Effects of light and nutrients on seedlings of tropical Bauhinia lianas and trees

Lianas differ from trees in many life history characteristics, and we predicted that they are phenotypically more responsive to environmental variation than trees. We analyzed responsiveness to light and nutrient availability of five Bauhinia species (three lianas and two trees). Seedlings were grown in a shade house in two light regimes (5 and 25% of full sunlight) and two nutrient supply regimes (field soil and N fertilization equivalent to 100 kg ha(-1)), and important growth-related physiological and morphological plant parameters were measured. Light availability affected most of the measured variables, whereas N addition had only weak effects. In the four light-demanding species (two lianas and two trees), relative plant biomass growth rate increased and specific leaf area (SLA) decreased with increased light availability, whereas a shade-tolerant liana did not respond. Leaf N concentration and light-saturated photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area increased in response to increased irradiance or soil N in the light-demanding tree species and the shade-tolerant liana, but not in the two light-demanding lianas. The light-demanding lianas also had higher SLA and leaf mass ratio, resulting in a higher leaf area ratio (LAR) in high light, whereas the light-demanding trees did not. Across all treatments, mean plasticity indices of physiological and morphological traits, and all traits combined were similar among the studied species. Plasticity was higher in response to light than to N, indicating that light is the main factor controlling seedling responses of the studied species. Although lianas and trees did not differ in mean plasticity in response to light and N, the light-demanding lianas were phenotypically less plastic in LAR and in photosynthetic rates and biomass allocation than the trees. Light and N interacted in their effects on most physiological variables, but the consequences for relative growth rate differed little among species. We conclude that, contrary to our predictions, lianas were no more responsive to variation in light and N availability than trees.     

哈尔滨城郊防护林物种多样性研究

通过对哈尔滨城郊防护林物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度等指数的测量和计算,研究了哈尔滨城郊防护林物种多样性,结果表明,哈尔滨城郊防护林带的物种多样性指数较低,不同样带之间差异不大;物种多样性指数分布范围为1．625～2．402,平均值为2．041。物种均匀度也较低,样带之间差异不大,介于0．596～0．807之间,平均值为0．706。     

Impact of logging on tree,liana and herb assemblages in a Bornean forest

In the present study, the impact of logging was assessed on the forest structure, richness, and composition of trees, lianas, and ground herbs in Indonesian Borneo. There were no significant differences in tree height, diameter, basal area, or abundance between unlogged and logged forest. Liana abundance was higher in logged than unlogged forest, but the difference was marginally nonsignificant. There was also no significant difference in the percentage cover of ground herbs. Tree species richness was similar between unlogged and logged forest, while liana species richness was higher in logged forest and herb species richness between unlogged forest. Tree and liana compositions differed significantly between unlogged and logged forest, but logging explained only a small part (<7%) of the variance in composition. In contrast to trees and lianas, ground herb composition did not differ significantly between unlogged and logged forest. Our findings indicate that the modest extraction intensity practiced did not have a severely adverse impact on forest structure or plant composition. This highlights the important role that logged forests may play in conserving biodiversity and the need to protect these forests from further disturbance.     

北京市药用植物专类园的植物应用现状调查分析

选取北京市具有代表性的药用植物专类园作为调查地点,进行药用植物种类及应用情况调查,得知应用的药用价值较高种类共316种,隶属于81科228属,其中乔灌木74种,藤本植物22种,水生植物8种,其他草本植物212种。此外,园中还配植了一些以观赏为主的种类,有乔灌木32种,草本11种。作者对其植物配植亮点进行了点评,并就存在的问题提出了建议。