油橄榄品种油脂形成规律的比较研究

本文对油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)品种佛奥(Frantoio)和城固32号(Chengku-32)在果实生长发育过程中油脂的形成与积累,油的特性及脂肪酸成份的变化规律进行了比较研究,其结果是,两品种油脂形成与积累最快时期为7月中旬至9月中旬。佛奥的果肉含油率为干重的64.83％,城固32号的果肉含油率为干重的57.54％。两种油脂的特性和脂肪酸成份基本相同。研究还发现两品种均含有棕榈烯酸1.8—2.6％和亚麻酸0.4—2.4％,并不含豆蔻酸。     

城固油橄榄中试园主栽和授粉品种花期、花型及可配性测定结果

<正> 油橄榄丰产栽培中间试验(陕西片) 1981年在城固县进行。建园初期,为选配中试园的主栽和授粉品种,用双列交配法测定了当地主要栽种的六个油橄榄品种(包括无性系,以下同) 间的授粉可配性。根据测交结果和以往的栽培经验,从优良和最优受粉组合中分别选择佛奥作为主栽品种,城固32、城固22为授粉品     

油橄榄丰产栽培技术研究

经对引进的5个品种和14个无性系共450多个油橄榄单株进行观察,根据其丰产性,抗病性,选出佛奥、贝拉、城固31、城固32、城固39、城固47等六个不周用途的优良品种或品系。同时,探讨了高接换种、施肥、灌水、整形修剪、环状剥皮、摘心、授粉、防治病虫对改良品种、提高座果率、增加产量和果实含油率的作用。并应用综合管理措施,使1.57公顷油橄榄的产量由试验前的377.69公斤/公顷,提高到935.25公斤/公顷,最高达1505.85公斤/公顷。     

基于SSR标记的父本分析研究油橄榄品种间的亲和性

[目的]利用SSR标记对油橄榄品种自由授粉的子代进行父本分析,研究品种间的亲和性,确定品种适宜的授粉树,为油橄榄建园品种配置提供依据。[方法]以四川凉山州油橄榄园‘豆果’、‘鄂植8号’和‘九峰4号’3个品种的自由授粉子代为材料,利用12个SSR标记进行父本分析。[结果]每个SSR位点的等位基因数为5~12个,平均9.08个,其中,DCA11和GAPU103A等位基因数(12个)最多。试验群体中的平均观测杂合度为0.732,平均期望杂合度为0.709,平均多态性信息量为0.675。12个SSR标记在95%的置信区间检测出父本的子代163个,占子代群体总数的79.9%,其中,‘豆果’子代44个,‘鄂植8号’47个,‘九峰4号’72个。在36个候选父本中只检测出20个子代,平均繁殖贡献率为5%,其中,大于5%的品种为:‘克罗莱卡’、‘佛奥’、‘城固32’、‘贝拉特’和‘巴尼亚’。3个试验品种所有子代均未发现自交现象。[结论]‘豆果’、‘鄂植8号’和‘九峰4号’均为自交不亲和品种。‘克罗莱卡’和‘佛奥’与‘九峰4号’和‘鄂植8号’的亲和性均较强,‘城固32’和‘贝拉特’与‘豆果’的亲和性较强。在油橄榄建园时,可以选择‘克罗莱卡’和‘佛奥’作为‘鄂植8号’和‘九峰4号’的授粉树,选择‘城固32’和‘贝拉特’可作为‘豆果’的授粉树。     

选配油橄榄授粉系的初步研究

<正> 油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)是异花授粉植物,据报导(Moret ini,1972)油橄榄有少数品种可自交结实,多数品种是自交不实或结实率很低.即使有良好的自交结实能力的佛奥(Frantoio)品种,在异花授粉条件下,能够增加结实率32%(Debetod i,1968).因此,配置授粉树是油橄榄稳产丰产的重要条件. 油橄榄虽然是异花授粉植物,但也不是任意混栽一些品种就能获得优良的授粉效果,要有适宜的授粉品种才能结实丰富.如意大利的栽培品种马拉约罗(Mraillolo)     

巴旦杏授粉特性的研究

巴旦杏的可授粉期较短,约1－3天,开花后授粉越早,座果率越高,巴旦杏自花授粉座果率极低,仅为5％。人工辅助授粉可显著提高座果率,但主、授品种配置时有较强的选择性,搭配不同,座果率差别较大。以小软壳和N－1作为纸皮、双果、双软和晚丰等主栽品种的授粉品种,所获座果率较高,可以在生产中加以推广应用。     

油桐开花座果生物学特征的调查研究

经研究,油桐自然在果率较高,自交座果率随树龄增大而下降,采种母树年龄以12—15年为宜。雌花开放后,第1—10天均能授粉座果,其中前3天授粉效果最好。     

李不同品种授粉与座果率关系研究

通过对 8个李品种的自然座果率和人工授粉座果率的调查 ,结果表明不同品种的座果率明显不同 ,其中授粉是很关键因素 ,它直接影响品种的座果率和产量。     

云南6个油橄榄主栽品种抗旱性评价

2010～2011年通过对云南省的6个油橄榄主栽品种皮瓜尔、软阿斯、佛奥、城固32、鄂植、科拉蒂在旱季末期和雨季末期叶片中的脯氨酸含量、相对电导率、束缚水/自由水、相对含水量和丙二醛含量5项生理指标进行测定,运用SPSS对测定结果进行数据分析,采用模糊隶属函数进行评价。结果表明,6个油橄榄主栽品种的抗旱性依次为皮瓜尔﹥城固32﹥佛奥﹥鄂植﹥科拉蒂﹥软阿斯,皮瓜尔是抗旱性最强的品种,其次是城固32,适宜在云南旱区推广种植。     

不同油茶无性系组合授粉亲和力的研究

通过设计31个杂交授粉组合和4个自交授粉组合,研究了不同油茶无性系间的授粉亲和力,结果表明:不同油茶无性系间的授粉亲和力存在极显著差异,湘林5(♂)×湘林67(♀)等7个组合具有较好的授粉亲和力,其座果率为47.3%~90.8%;湘林5(♂)×湘林67(♀)、湘林67(♂)×湘林5(♀)、湘林3(♂)×湘林5(♀)、湘林3(♂)×湘林5(♀)的授粉座果率分别为90.8%、57.3%、86.5%和71.7%,湘林5(♂)×湘林5(♀)的自交座果率达到了68.0%。因此,在造林品种配置时,可将湘林5作为父本,湘林67、湘林3号作为母本。     

6个油橄榄品种的花粉特性

为给油橄榄花而不实、坐果率低等问题的解决提供理论依据,以‘城固’‘鄂植’‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘中山’‘佛奥’这6个油橄榄品种为研究材料,对其花粉特性及花粉萌发情况进行了研究。结果表明:6个品种花粉均为长圆形,其纵横径均在150~260μm之间,‘城固’的纵径最小,‘佛奥’的横径最小;‘鄂植’‘莱星’‘中山’‘佛奥’的花粉量均在110 000个/单花左右,‘城固’与‘皮削利’的花粉量均在80 000个/单花左右;6个品种的花粉畸形率均在5%~15%之间,品种间的差异不显著;‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘鄂植’‘佛奥’的花粉生活力均在85%以上,‘莱星’‘鄂植’‘佛奥’‘中山’4个品种在采后24 h内的花粉生活力均大于60%;6个品种的花粉萌发率均在20%~50%之间。     

甘肃油橄榄主要栽培品种结实能力的测定

对甘肃油橄榄主要栽培品种进行了结实能力的测定,结果表明:在陇南油橄榄自孕结实能力为佛奥>莱星>城固32>九峰6号>鄂植8号>皮削利>钟山24>戈达尔>阿斯>配多灵>皮瓜尔;自由授粉结实能力为莱星>皮削利>佛奥>城固32>九峰6号>鄂植8号>戈达尔>配多灵>阿斯>钟山24>皮瓜尔;在使用混合花粉测定结实能力时,参试的5个品种结实能力强弱依次为莱星>皮削利>鄂植8号>九峰6号>城固32。     

Floral display and breeding system of Jatropha curcas L.

Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction of plant populations. In this paper, we studied the reproduction characteristics of Jatropha curcas in Yuanjiang County (23°36′N, 101°00′E), Yunnan Province. The plant produces flowers in dichasial inflorescences. Normally, the flowers are unisexual, and male and female flowers are produced in the same inflorescence. Only a few male flowers are produced in an inflorescence, and fruits are produced only through pollination between different flowers from the same or different plants. By the treatments of emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination in this experiment, there were few but same fruit set ratios when the inflorescences were emasculated, bagged, or bagged with net, except artificial pollination treatments, which showed that Jatropha curcas could produce fruit through apomixis but not wind pollination. When the inflorescences were unbagged, unemasculated and with free pollination treatments, or bagged, emascu- lated and with artificial cross-pollination treatments, or unbagged, emasculated and with free pollination treatments, there were many fruits produced. It showed that Jatropha curcas shows outcrossing, is self-compatible, and demanding for pollinators. Normally, the male flowers open first and a few flowers bloom in one day in a raceme. These flowers last a long time in bloom. However, a large number of female flowers open from the third to the fifth day, with some female flowers opening first in a few raceme. This shows a tendency to promote xenogamy and minimize geitonogamy.     

硼锌微肥对油橄榄花粉萌发及坐果的影响

田间试验结果表明：施用硼肥促进油橄榄花芽分化，花粉萌发率提高了74．1％，花期后的坐果率增加29．6％，产量增加14．0％；施用锌肥可以降低油橄榄硬核期和油脂形成期的落果率，分别降低18．5％和12．3％，产量增加12．1％；硼锌肥配合施用效果最佳，花粉萌发率提高了82．4％，花期后的坐果率提高了33．5％，硬核期和油脂形成期落果率分别降低了17．9％和14．8％，产量增加21．9％。     

Carbohydrate requirements of peach fruit growth and respiration

Data on the seasonal patterns of fruit growth and dark respiration of two peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cultivars were combined with temperature data to calculate the carbohydrate requirements of an "average" peach fruit from bloom to harvest. The two peach cultivars used were June Lady (an early maturing (mid-June) cultivar) and O'Henry (a late maturing (early-August) cultivar). At harvest, the mean dry weight of the June Lady fruit was 17.8 g (139.7 g fresh weight) and of O'Henry fruits was 30.9 g (213.9 g fresh weight), and the times from full bloom to harvest were 107 and 154 days, respectively. The total calculated fruit respiration requirements were 132 and 300 mmol CO(2) fruit(-1) season(-1) for June Lady and O'Henry fruits, respectively. Total calculated carbohydrate requirements for fruit growth and respiration are 23.9 and 43.8 g CH(2)O fruit(-1) season(-1) for June Lady and O'Henry fruits, respectively. Fruit respiration accounted for 16.3% of the total carbohydrate requirements of June Lady fruits and 0.5% of the total carbohydrate requirements of O'Henry fruits.     

Effects of irrigation deprivation during the harvest period on yield determinants in mature almond trees

Effects of irrigation deprivation during the harvest period on yield determinants in mature almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb cv. Nonpareil) trees were investigated during a 3-year field experiment. Return bloom and fruit set were measured on 2185 individually tagged spurs. Water stress resulting from irrigation deprivation during the harvest period, which purportedly coincides with the time of flower initiation, had no effect on the percentage of spurs that flowered or set fruit during subsequent years. Although water stress had no apparent effect on spur mortality, 66% of the tagged spurs died within 3 years. In addition, many spurs were vegetative by the third year, indicating the importance of spur renewal for sustained fruit production. Reductions in nut yield were evident after two successive years of irrigation deprivation during the harvest period. Regression analysis indicated a loss in yield of 7.7 kg tree(-1) in response to each 1 MPa decrease in stem water potential below -1.2 MPa during the previous seasons. The number of fruiting positions per tree (estimated indirectly for whole trees based on weight of current-year shoots > 5 cm in length) was negatively associated with water stress. Yield reduction in response to water stress during harvest appears to be a compound, multiyear effect, associated with reduced annual growth and renewal of fruiting positions.     

美国黑提葡萄在干热河谷地区引种试验初报

美国黑提葡萄具有粒大、质优、晚熟、耐贮运的特点，在干热河谷地区栽种黑提葡萄，葡萄开花结果提前，成熟早，可以提前上市，抢占市场。华宁县林业局从山东安丘引进美国黑提葡萄在干热河谷地区试验，通过3年的试验证实，美国黑提葡萄适应性强，成熟期提前，品质好，产量高，生物学特性与原产地基本一致，引种试验成功，有较高的推广价值。     

云南干热河谷的植物资源及开发利用研究

一、干热河谷的气候特点 云南的干热河谷气候,受大气环流尤其是地形因素的影响较大。就环流因子而言,各流域所受影响大体相似,从而形成相似的气候特点:干湿季非常分明,干季湿度小、云量少、晴天多、日间气温高、昼夜温差大;湿季水汽多、云量多、阴天多、日间气温不高、昼夜温     

云雄板栗新品种栽培研究

云雄是云南省林业科学院经济林研究所历时20多年选育出的板栗新品种,通过优株选择、无性系评比试验、物候观测、授粉试验、花粉生活力测定、区域化栽培试验、产量和品质测定等多年的栽培研究。结果表明,该品种坚果大、品质优、产量高。用其授粉,平均成实率高达87.4%,且对主栽品种坚果增重明显,增重幅度为4.9%～26.3%。用云雄花粉人工辅助授粉,较自然授粉平均每公顷增产396.5 kg,增产率18.5%;坚果平均增重1.43 g,增长率16.4%。因此,在板栗栽培中,选用云雄作为授粉品种,对提高产量和品质具有重要作用。