辽西地区营造河滩杨树速生丰产林综合技术

辽西地区气候干旱,河滩地立地条件差,开发营造河滩杨树速生丰产林不易达标.通过选择适地适树树种,采取科学的造林方法和合理的经营管理措施,才会达到预期的造林效果.     

辽西土质瘠薄山地造林绿化技术研究

辽西地区气候干旱少雨多风,在土质瘠薄的山地上造林不易成活或成活后也不易成林,但在实践中,经过不断实践,得出的结论是 :只要选择耐旱耐土质瘠薄适地适树树种,采取科学的造林方法,土质瘠薄山地造林绿化还是能成功和达标的.     

杨树不同方法造林效果调查研究

对朝阳市不同宜林地类型采取不同树种、不同造林方式进行杨树造林效果调查,结果表明：土层河滩地客土填坑造林方法远远优于原坑土填坑栽植法;薄土层河滩地选择锦新杨造林,其效果好于辽宁杨;厚土层河滩地选择辽宁杨或108杨,造林效果好于锦县小钻杨;地下水位深水型河滩地采取深植法造林的地块“两率”高,林木生长状况良好,远远强于常规造林栽植法;浅水型（或返浆地）河滩地通过筑土埂栽植则能有效地防止水淹或长期浸泡,使树木造林成活后能正常生长;在易受洪水冲袭型河滩地按流水方向呈雁翅形排列定点深植法营造的杨树林分,可有效地防止洪水的冲袭和危害,且保存率高于与主河道呈直角定点挖掘栽植的林地。     

杨树旱地造林丰产技术的研究

本文对杨树旱地造林丰产技术进行了研究。试验树种为毛白杨、加拿大杨和山海关杨,全部采用2年根1年干无病虫害的壮苗进行造林。采取适当深栽、集水型整地、覆盖地膜、叶面喷肥、覆盖麦糠、间作农作物、适当修枝等抗旱措施。试验结果表明,采取的抗旱措施是可行的,提高了林木的成活率和生长量;山海关杨、加拿大杨、毛白杨在干旱瘠薄的碱地和沙地上生长正常,可以进行旱地造林,尤其山海关杨是旱地造林的最优树种。     

陕北山地油松苗的培育

油松是常绿乔木针叶树种,具有耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄等特点,荒山造林和更新造林成活容易,是宜川的主要用材树种。宜川的油松山地育苗,根据其林区不同立地条件、自然气候再具体划分为两个类型:土石山地育苗和土质丘陵山地育苗。 山地育苗的关键措施是:正确选择苗     

半干旱地区山杏的生态作用与经济效益

山杏耐干旱瘠薄土质特性显著,在半干旱的辽西地区分布广泛,不仅是重要的生态造林树种,而且还是经济林造林树种,开发种植山杏,可获生态、经济双重效益,前景广阔。     

化香育苗造林技术

化香,为胡桃科落叶乔木,是一种速生多用途的绿化树种,也是荒山造林先锋树种之一.经祁门县安凌林业站造林试验,在瘠薄的土质上表现出较强的适应性和速生性.     

白林三号杨选育初报

一、选育过程吉林省西部地区气候干旱、寒冷,土壤瘠薄。六十年代初期的主要造林树种是杨、柳、榆,其中杨树又占绝对优势,造林面积占90％以上。而生产中所采用的乡土树种小叶杨和小青杨,不仅品种单纯而且生长缓慢,栽培一、二十年不能成林、成材。为了改良这一地区的杨树栽培品种,选育耐寒、耐干旱、耐瘠薄的良种,我们于1964年4月在吉林省林研所,以栽     

朝阳县河滩地杨树造林树种选择研究

在查阅造林档案了解朝阳县河滩地杨树林现状的基础上,对大凌河沿岸河滩地的辽宁杨、3930杨、107杨、小钻杨、小叶杨等不同杨树林分,开展生长量、蓄积量、出材量、出材率等指标调查分析,结果表明,3930杨各项指标都优于其他杨树品种,适宜在朝阳县河滩地造林中推广应用。     

杨树埋干造林的试验研究及应用

易受洪水冲袭的河滩地采用杨树埋干造林方法,抗水袭性强,具有很强的生命力,成林后通过科学经营管理,同样可达到速生丰产标准,在特殊的立地条件下,采取杨树埋干造林方法仍是一种最佳选择。     

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林关键技术研究

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林一直是林业科研生产中的难点之一。在防护林树种试验过程中,依据生态学原理,通过采用一系列生物、工程和管理措施,提高了造林试验树种的成活率,探索出入侵生物水葫芦的应用途径及特困立地造林的有效措施,也为沿海防护林体系建设提供了可借鉴的经验。     

紫色土流失区造林技术

紫色土流失区造林技术是在划分流失地类型的基础上,采取生物和工程措施相结合的方法,适地适材选择造林树种。流失区适宜造林树种以侧柏为主,辅以建柏、闽粤栲、火力楠等树种。     

The tree planting and protecting culture of cattle ranchers and small-scale agriculturalists in rural Panama: Opportunities for reforestation and land restoration

To examine the opportunities available for designing diverse tree planting and land restoration initiatives in agricultural landscapes that contain tropical dry forests, the tree planting and protecting practices of cattle ranchers and small-scale agriculturalists were examined in two study sites in rural Panama. Ninety-nine tree species were identified that they utilize, plant, or protect on their land, the majority of which are native to Panama. The farmers had diverse reasons for maintaining trees, including improving the environment, providing food and shade for cattle, and generating a source of wood for construction, furniture, and firewood. Most of the trees mentioned in the study provide multiple uses and values and the majority of farmers wanted to plant additional trees. Some differences in species preferences and motivations for planting and protecting trees were seen between sites, thereby suggesting that land restoration and tree planting projects should be site specific. Our data indicate that there are ample opportunities to increase native tree cover in our study sites and highlight the need to incorporate farmer input into project design, implementation, and evaluation as a necessary and continuous feature throughout projects.     

Socio-economic factors affecting smallholder tree planting and management intentions in Leyte Province,Philippines

Survey data have been collected from four rural communities in Leyte Province, the Philippines, on household tree planting and management intentions, as well as the socio-economic characteristics, attitudes to tree planting and management, farming practices and the number of trees planted. In relation to intended tree planting and management activities, respondents were asked a series of structured questions as to what tree species they intend to plant, how many individual trees of each of those species they plan to plant, and for what purpose they propose to plant each of the tree species. This paper reports the results of analyses of the stated tree management intentions of households in the four communities and identifies the socioeconomic factors that influence householders’ tree management intentions. Respondents were generally enthusiastic about the possibility for further tree planting on their land, 75% indicating they would undertake planting. About 60% indicated an interest in commercial tree farming, with no significant differences in this level of interest between communities. It was found that a number of socio-economic variables indicating higher levels of land ownership and previous experience in the forestry industry are related to the intention to plant trees to produce timber for sale. These include the use of materials from public lands, participation in community organisations and community forestry programs, and the present management of trees to produce timber for sale.     

榆林沙区盐渍化土地防治技术研究

针对榆林沙区盐渍化特点,在沙区采用不同植物种进行不同的整地方式、栽植技术以及生化制剂处理试验,并对这几种防治措施进行比较分析,认为沙棘、柽柳、河北杨和旱柳是盐渍化土地适宜树种;不同整地方式中沟垄低床效果较好,但费时费力;植物残体填充和深栽避盐造林成活率高、生长良好,操作简单,是盐渍化土地防治的有效措施。     

Tree Planting by Smallholder Farmers in the Upper Catchment of Lake Tana Watershed,Northwest Ethiopia

Tree growing by smallholder farmers is an emerging livelihood strategy in Lake Tana catchment. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify the most important tree species grown, (2) investigate the drivers of the existing pattern, and (3) identify determinants of the number and diversity of tree species and their spatial patterns. Survey data were collected from 200 households. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify the determinants of tree growing behaviour of households and spatial variables affecting the abundance of tree species. Eucalyptus globulus, Acacia decurrens and E. camaldulensis dominate woodlots. Only a fraction of the forest production is used by the households, the rest being sold as poles or charcoal. Location in relation to market centres, number of livestock owned, landholding size and age of household head were found to positively affected the number of tree species and trees grown. Gender affected the species and spatial pattern of trees. Woodlots, farm boundaries and homesteads were found to be important tree growing niches. These results substantiate the proposition that farmers assign their parcels of land to uses that increase the rent value of the land, and this value is affected by access to roads. Woodlots are on the increase at the cost of productive agricultural land. Provision of a tree planting extension service may increase participation of farmers in tree planting, and a management-oriented tree planting extension service may give desirable results.     

Land tenure and farm management efficiency: The case of smallholder rubber production in customary land areas of Sumatra

This study assesses the impact of land tenure institutions on the efficiency of farm management based on a case study of rubber production in customary land areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. Using the modes of land acquisition as measures of land tenure institutions, we estimated tree planting, revenue, income, and short-run profit functions, and internal rates of return to tree planting on smallholder rubber fields. We find generally insignificant differences in the incidence of tree planting and management efficiency (defined as residual profits) of rubber production between newly emerging private ownership and customary ownership. This is consistent with our hypothesis that tree planting confers stronger individual rights, if land rights are initially weak (as in the case of family land under customary land tenure systems). On the other hand, short-term profits are higher on land that is rented through share tenancy. This result indicates that rubber trees are over-exploited under renting arrangements due partly to the short-run nature of the land tenancy contracts and partly to the difficulty landowners face in supervising tapping activities of tenants in spatially dispersed rubber fields. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Trees and farming in the dry zone of southern Honduras II: the potential for tree diversity conservation

The potential of the dry zone agro-ecosystem of southern Honduras to contribute to the conservation of Mesoamerican dry forest tree diversity is evaluated. Four rural communities containing eight land uses were surveyed using rapid botanical sampling resulting in the identification of 241 tree and shrub species. As a result of ordination analysis, it is concluded that the land uses are relatively similar in their species composition, particularly maize fields (milpas), fallows, pastures and woodlots, because of the predominance of natural regeneration. Therefore all land uses might contribute to local tree diversity conservation. Those land uses in which planting also contributes to diversity, home gardens (solares) and orchards, are more distinct; however the tree species found there are widespread and often exotics and thus not the usual focus of conservation measures. Across the landscape the total complement of species considered a global priority for biodiversity conservation is very low and therefore this agro-ecosystem does not represent a good place in which to implement dry forest tree diversity conservation programmes. Instead its value is likely to be in the contribution that tree diversity makes to rural livelihoods. Particular consideration is given to Swietenia humilis Zucc. (small leaved mahogany) and its status as a threatened species is questioned because of its abundance within this landscape and its wide distribution. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

滇南热带造林地林农间作对幼林生长量的影响

为了探索在滇南热带地区造林地进行林农间作对幼林生长的影响,文章选择了6个热带亚热带速生造林树种,定植于景谷益智乡斗母信村造林地上,对每一树种分别采用林农间作管理和一般管理(每年进行两次砍草和铲塘)的两种方式进行幼林管理;定植后3 a时测定保存率、地径、树高、冠幅生长量并进行统计分析。实验结果表明:利用林农间作方式管理造林林地平均可以提高保存率10%,加快地径生长1.98～4.30倍,加快树高生长1.89～4.51倍,使造林地提前1～3 a达到郁闭,而使造林具有较好的效果并减少林地抚育的年限和抚育的投入。