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浅谈云南省人工林的近自然经营 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要介绍近自然林业的提出及发展过程、近自然林业的特点及优越性。分析了人工林存在着生物多样性下降、抗御灾害的能力减弱以及地力衰退等弊端,提出要重视森林质量、对现有人工林进行近自然改造、利用自然力注重天然更新、制定科学模式和营林方法、建立科学评价体系全面评价森林生态健康等近自然森林经营的措施。 相似文献
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南亚热带米老排人工林皆伐迹地天然更新研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于南亚热带米老排人工林落种后皆伐迹地的天然更新调查资料,对其皆伐迹地天然更新幼树的树种、起源、数量、空间格局、分布频度和树高结构进行研究,结果表明:(1)皆伐迹地上绝大多数的天然更新树种为米老排树种;(2)在0~10 m空间尺度内,米老排种子更新幼树的分布为聚集分布(P0.01);(3)米老排种子更新幼树的数量和频度,可达到森林天然更新的良级标准,亦符合采伐迹地人工更新成林的验收标准;(4)种子天然更新幼树树高的分布近似正偏山状的weibull密度函数;(5)在米老排人工林皆伐作业后1.5年左右,对采伐迹地天然更新幼树进行间苗定株较为适宜;(6)对米老排人工林适时适地的采用小面积皆伐、非炼山方式清理迹地剩余物、保护和利用迹地天然更新幼树的方式,可有效实现采伐迹地的森林更新。 相似文献
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通过林分样地调查和模拟天然更新发芽试验,研究珍贵树种火力楠(Michelia macclurei)实生天然更新情况,为火力楠可持续经营和种质资源保护等提供理论依据。结果显示:广西壮族自治区火力楠8个成熟人工林分林下天然更新实生苗木密度250~4000株·hm-2,平均更新密度1395株·hm-2;更新频度6.7%~66.7%,平均更新频度35.9%,实生天然更新等级为坏等级。天然更新苗木高度大部分为10 cm,地径0.1 cm,苗木规格小。2年度2批次播撒2000粒火力楠种子林下模拟天然更新成苗率为0。扩大火力楠森林面积规模需要采取人工造林措施。 相似文献
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我国是世界人工林第一大国,人工林对缓解全球气候变暖有重要作用。但我国森林类型复杂,地域广阔,使得碳储量的研究方法和结果存在差异。为了更精确地估算森林植被和土壤在整个陆地生态系统中的固碳能力,阅读和学习大量有关人工林碳储量的文献资料,对其碳储量的主要研究方法及研究结果进行梳理。并分析了我国人工林碳储量研究现阶段存在的主要问题和发展趋势,为今后开展森林碳储量的深入研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Effects of gaps on regeneration of woody plants: a meta-analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forest gaps, openings in the canopy caused by death of one or more trees, have a profound effect on forest regeneration and drive the forest growth cycle. It is therefore necessary to understand the effects of forest gaps on regeneration for modern forest management. In order to provide a quantitative assessment of the effects of forest gaps on regen-eration of woody plants, we conducted this review of gap effects on woody plant regeneration on the basis of 527 observations from 42 indi-vidual papers, and reported the results of these data in a meta-analysis. Overall, densities of regenerated woody plants were significantly greater (359%) in forest gaps than on the closed-canopy forest floor. The regen-eration density in gaps of plantation forests was significantly greater (P<0.05) than that of natural forest because the regeneration in gaps of plan-tation forests was improved by both gap effects and experimental meas-ures. Similarly, in comparison to natural gaps, regeneration was better enhanced in artificial gaps. Regeneration density exhibited a significantly positive correlation with gap size, but a negative correlation with gap age because the gap size decreased with increasing gap age. Shade tolerance of woody plants affected regeneration density in gaps and understory. Average regeneration density of shade-tolerant species exhibited a sig-nificantly positive response to gaps but densities remained lower in total than those of intermediate and shade-intolerant species. Gap effects on regeneration decreased in response to increasing temperature and pre-cipitation because of the limiting effects of lower temperature and moisture on woody plant regeneration. In summary, forest gaps enhance woody plant regeneration, and the effects of gaps varied by forest type, gap characteristics, environmental factors and plant traits. The results of this meta-analysis are useful for better understanding the effects and roles of gaps on forest regeneration and forest management. 相似文献
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本文调查了桉树人工林和邻近天然林内土著的木本植物多样性、密度和物种组成。桉树人工林和邻近天然林内分别圈画出20个20m×20m样地,记录下每块样地内的物种名称、物种丰富度、植株直径和高度以及采集亚样方(4m2)内幼苗数目。本试验中,记录人工林内木本植物46种,邻近天然林内52种,分别来自36个科。人工林内,物种多样性(H’)为2.19,林下木本植物密度为3842株/hm2,幼苗密度为4151株/hm2;而天然林内的物种多样性、林下树木密度和幼苗密度分别为2.74,4122株/hm2和8101株/hm2。两种林分的木本植物物种组成相似性较高。研究还表明,桉树人工林适合于Millitia ferruginia和小果咖啡生长和再生,而对下层木本则不适合。 相似文献
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中国木材科学研究与国家目标 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
我国是个少林国家,木材长期供不应求,现木材年缺口量已达到5000万m3,随着天然林保护工程的实施,木材供求矛盾势将更加突出。发展人工林,高效利用人工林是缓解木材供求矛盾的根本途径。加强木材科学基础研究是实现人工林定向培育和高效利用的前提。中国木材科学研究必须与保护天然林、发展并高效利用人工林这一重大国家目标相结合,适应木材资源结构的变化,突破木材材性研究传统内涵,开创新的外延,实行一个中心,两个结合的战略研究对策,以人工林木材性质研究为中心,以其与营林培育和加工利用关系研究为主攻方向,开展科学研究,为人工林林木定向培育和木材资源高效利用提供科学基础。 相似文献
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章古台沙地赤松人工林土壤种子库及天然更新特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了章古台沙地赤松人工林土壤种子库及天然更新特征。结果表明:在赤松人工林土壤种子库中,47.47%的种子分布在枯枝落叶层中,种子平均密度可达253粒?m^-2;52.53%的种子分布在0~5 cm 深的土层中,种子平均密度为280粒?m^-2。从种子品质来看,空粒种子占种子总数的40.90%,腐烂种子占39.96%,完整种子占19.14%。赤松天然更新主要为林下更新,更新幼树呈不规则分布,密度为20348~71798株?hm^-2;其次为林隙更新,更新幼树以群团状分布为主,带状分布为辅,密度为7659~14836株?hm^-2;赤松林缘更新的主要条件是有林缘扩展带,林缘更新密度为856~10810株?hm^-2。 相似文献
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Diversity, density and species composition of naturally regenerated woody plants under Eucalyptus grandis plantation and the adjacent natural forest were investigated and compared. Twenty plots, with an area of 20 m × 20 m for
each, were established in both of E. grandis plantation and adjacent natural forest, independently. In each plot, species name, abundance, diameter and height were recorded.
Numbers of seedling were collected in five sub-plots (4 m2) within each major plot. A total of 46 species in the plantation, and 52 species in the natural forest, which belongs to
36 families were recorded. The diversity of species (H′) is 2.19 in the plantation and 2.74 in the natural forest. The density of understory woody plant was 3842 stems/ha in the
plantation and 4122 stems/ha in the natural forest. The densities of seedlings in the natural forest and the plantation were
8101 stems/ha and 4151 stems/ha, respectively. High similarity of woody species composition was found between the natural
forest and the plantation. The E. grandis plantation was found favoring the regeneration and growth of Millitia ferruginia and Coffea arabica in a much better way than other underneath woody species. 相似文献
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不同更新方式对常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种多样性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
作者就木林子自然保护区常绿落叶阔叶混交林4种更新方式对物种多样性的影响进行研究。结果表明:从人工柳杉林、人工杉檫混交林、人促更新林到天然更新林,多样性指数(SW)和均匀度指数(Jsw)逐渐增加,生态优势度指数(D)逐渐降低;随着高度级增加,各更新样地物种多样性指数(SW)表现出波动性下降趋势,生态优势度(D)呈波动性上升趋势,均匀度指数(Jsw)变幅不大;随着径级的增加,人工柳杉林多样性指数(SW)无明显变化,其他样地多样性指数(SW)逐渐减少,各更新样地生态优势度指数(D)逐渐增加,均匀度指数(Jsw)变幅不大。 相似文献
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马尾松阔叶树混交林不同更新方式对林分生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对将乐县马尾松阔叶树混交林进行天然更新、人工促进天然更新和人工营造杉木林等3种更新方式的林分恢复调查,比较探讨其生长量、生物量及物种丰富度,结果表明:不同更新方式对林分生长、林下植物发育及林分物种丰富度影响较大,采用天然和人工促进天然更新形成的阔叶树林分树种多样,结构稳定,生长良好,是保护和发展阔叶林的一种有效途径。 相似文献