七叶树播种育苗技术

针对七叶树种子是温带顽拗性种子、容易失水而影响种子的生命力的特点,采用不同的种子处理方法、育苗方法和遮荫处理对七叶树的播种和育苗技术进行研究,以期提高其种子萌发力和苗木生长质量。结果表明:冷层积处理的种子萌发率最高,可达到80%,高于温室盆播和秋播种子;温室盆播育苗,可以延长幼苗的生长期,其植株高度比大田育苗提高20%左右;50%遮荫显著提高七叶树的幼苗生长质量,75%遮荫使苗木的生长量降低。     

竹柏不同播种育苗方式的生长效果分析

采用容器(10 cm×10 cm营养钵)和田间苗床2种播种育苗方式,进行了竹柏不同播种密度、不同遮荫处理的比较试验,结果表明:2种育苗方式对竹柏种子的发芽率没有显著影响,田间苗床播种苗的生长量大于容器苗;田间苗床的播种密度以株行距10 cm×20 cm最为适宜,生长量最大;生长期遮荫对竹柏播种苗有极显著影响,遮荫处理的苗木保存率达92.3%,未遮荫的苗木保存率只有37.5%。     

朱砂根不同播种育苗方式效果分析

通过种子不同处理方法、选用不同土壤基质、贮藏方法、苗床覆盖、遮荫处理以及不同育苗密度进行试验对比,采用有序样本聚类分析法将朱砂根1年生播种苗的高生长过程划分为出苗期、生长初期、速生期、苗木硬化期4个时期,并进行苗木的生物量测定。结果表明：朱砂根播种育苗以种子去果皮、混沙湿藏,营养土（袋）播种,播后床面用地膜小拱棚＋谷皮覆盖处理的发芽率最高;以75%的拱棚遮荫朱砂根的生长量最大,以株行距8 cm×8 cm（150株/m2）的密度合格苗产量最高,成本最低;田间苗床播种育苗比营养袋播种育苗的生长量及生物量大,但朱砂根为常绿植物,建议在生产上推广营养袋育苗,以提高移栽成活率。     

猫尾草种子分类与发芽试验研究

为提高猫尾草（Uraria crinita）种子的利用率和发芽率,分类考查其发芽率,并选用占比含量高的种子,用酸蚀、高温处理、化学方法和播种覆物等方式提高种子萌发率,结果显示：（1）种子分为饱满和干瘪两类。干瘪种子为深褐色,约占种子总数 10%,种胚不发芽;饱满种子可分成黄绿色、橙黄色、褐红色三类,黄绿色种子占总数超过 70%,橙黄色和褐红色的种子均少于 10%,成熟度和吸水性能依次提高,发芽率依次为 14%、22.67%、2.0%。（2）选用黄绿色种子,98% 浓硫酸酸蚀 6 min,80 ℃的水浸泡种子 10 min,发芽率分别提高到 66.67% 和 65.33%;不同浓度赤霉素、硝酸镧溶液处理对发芽没有显著影响;播种时用杂草覆盖比用黄心土覆盖出苗率高。生产上推荐使用 80 ℃水浴 10 min 处理种子,提高种子的发芽率和利用率,播种后覆盖杂草提高出苗率。     

红椎种子不同程度催芽遮荫育苗繁殖研究

为了研究红椎种子不同程度催芽遮阴繁殖育苗方式,设置了3种不同程度催芽及4种遮荫处理组合共12种处理方式,研究了不同处理播种萌芽的保存率和苗木生长率。结果显示:在全光照条件下,红椎苗木保存率表现为露白﹥有根无芽﹥有根有芽,苗高生长量及地径生长量为有根有芽﹥有根无芽﹥露白,而在遮荫度为50%、70%及85%的条件下,红椎苗木保存率、苗高生长量及地径生长量均表现为有根有芽﹥有根无芽﹥露白,其中有根有芽全光照的苗木保存率最低,为25.33%,有根有芽遮荫85%的苗木保存率最高,但苗高和地径生长量在有根有芽遮荫70%的条件下最高。综合考虑保存率和苗木高生长及地径生长因素,有根有芽遮荫70%作为红椎种子播种育苗的最佳处理方式。     

龙陵县滇重楼林下栽培试验

对滇重楼进行林下仿野生栽培实验。结果表明，潮湿且肥沃疏松的砂壤土和壤土、遮荫度为60％～70％的阔叶树林下是重楼丰产的基础条件；种子繁殖时，对种子采用高锰酸钾、赤霉素浸种或草木灰拌种处理，能保证第一年有较高的出芽率；根茎繁殖时，选择种苗根茎为10～20g的可以降低成本并提高重楼产量；以农家肥和沼液为主，复合肥和各种微量元素肥料为辅的科学合理施肥方法能保证重楼有较高的产量。     

播种密度及遮荫度对草珊瑚幼苗生长的影响

在福建省三明市岩前林业站苗圃开展不同种植密度、不同遮荫度条件下的草珊瑚育苗试验,结果表明:不同播种密度、不同遮荫度对草珊瑚幼苗的苗高影响均达极显著水平(P<0.01),对地径、根系长度、根系数量影响均达显著水平(P<0.05)。以播种密度120株.m-2、遮荫度75%条件下,草珊瑚平均苗高、地径、根长以及根数均为最优。     

不同遮荫强度对福建柏苗期生长的影响

于2015年在福建省安溪白濑国有林场湖头苗圃开展福建柏播种育苗试验,探讨不同遮荫强度(遮光度分别为40%、60%、70%,以全光照育苗为对照)对福建柏苗木保存率、生长性状、苗木质量等的影响。1 a的育苗试验结果表明:在遮光度为40%、60%、70%的育苗环境下,福建柏幼苗生长量、保存率、合格苗率等指标与全光照(对照)相比差异达显著或极显著水平;遮光度60%的处理与其它3个处理相比,福建柏的平均苗高增幅达6. 9%~80. 4%,平均地径增幅达11. 4%~34. 5%,苗木保存率增幅达1. 1%~85. 4%,苗木合格率增幅达4. 7%~201. 9%,Ⅰ级苗率达到79. 7%。表明福建柏育苗过度遮荫及全光照育苗均不利于幼苗的生长,以遮光度60%为最佳。研究结果可为福建柏的播种育苗提供参考。     

格木播种育苗试验

本文对珍稀树种——格木的种子贮藏、播种育苗进行试验。结果表明格木种子在常温条件下极耐贮藏;种子经沸水浸种或硫酸拌种,可促进快速发芽、提高发芽率,苗期遮荫,可加速幼苗生长。     

狭叶冬青实生苗繁育技术研究

本文通过正交试验设计方法研究了狭叶冬青的播种育苗技术,结果表明,不同土壤、不同遮荫措施和不同种子处理方法对种子出苗率、苗木质量影响显著。以腐殖质土,透光率为50%的单层遮荫网遮荫,酸蚀种子用浓度250mg·kg-1GA3溶液在常温下浸种24h,并经层积沙藏为最佳,种子出苗率最高,为21.2%,苗木质量最好,为生产中较为理想的培养方案。     

论退耕还林地替代天然林地种植草果的生态学意义

草果对自然环境务件有特殊要求,在天然林下种植草果有不少弊端。退耕还林工程使替代天然林种植草果成为可能,有利于保护原有天然林和巩固退耕还林成果。     

绿春县草果烘烤房利用状况分析及对策

绿春县于2006年先后建盖了20个砖混结构的节能草果烘烤房,但目前这些烘烤房的使用率极低,其主要原因是烘烤房分布偏远,种植户无力购买煤炭等.烘烤草果会导致对森林资源的消耗逐年加大,对生物多样性产生负面影响,使生态环境遭到破坏.藉此,提出对到"节能草果烘烤房"烘烤草果的农户给予一定的扶持,对烘烤房指定专人管理,对农户自建的草果烘烤房进行拆除等对策.     

西双版纳砂仁种植模式探讨

简述国内现有的砂仁种植模式,并对主要模式的优缺点进行比较分析,认为热带雨林+砂仁模式对热带雨林物种多样性保护等带来严重的负面影响;各类杂木次生林+砂仁可在一定程度上提高砂仁产量; 杉木+砂仁、橡胶+砂仁种植模式具有改善土壤肥力、促进间种树种生长等优势。西双版纳有着相当数量的次生林、橡胶林、竹林等,把砂仁种植从热带雨林中转移到雨林外种植同样具有很大的资源优势和生产潜力。     

云南金平县草果栽培种的穗部特征研究

对云南金平县草果栽培种的穗部特征研究,综合小果的形状、颜色、气味、长宽比及种子数量表现,果穗可分为"圆红辛辣型"、"圆黄苹果型"、"椭红辛辣型"和"梭红辛辣型"等4种类型,其中"椭红辛辣型"的每穗小果数、挂果率和小果内含种子数均表现最高,具有较高的单株产量优势     

砂仁种植对西双版纳自然保护区植物物种多样性的影响

砂仁在西双版纳自然保护区广泛种植,给保护区生物多样性带来了一定的危害.通过在原始林和砂仁种植地的热带季节雨林植物群落下设置样地进行调查,掌握了因种植砂仁给季节雨林所造成的物种损失情况以及对群落所带来的负面影响.结合保护区管理工作的实际,提出了解决保护区与当地群众存在的保护与发展之间矛盾的相应管理办法.     

西双版纳阳春砂仁生产中面临的问题及对策

根据西双版纳阳春砂仁生产中品种退化、低产和与热带雨林生物多样化保护的矛盾等问题,提出了在最适宜区种植砂仁,进行规范化种植、集约化管理,统一加工、打造品牌,提高单产、减少种植面积的对策。     

不同种苗类型白及物候及产量研究

对球茎、种子苗两种不同类型白及苗种植后的物候进行了定株观测,并调查了两种类型种苗在不同种植密度下的产量。结果表明:两种繁殖类型的白及植株出芽、展叶期基本一致,球茎和种子苗植株出芽期、展叶期、开花期、果期持续时间差异不大,而黄枯期差异较大。不同种苗类型和不同种植密度对白及产量有显著影响。采用球茎种植的白及产量显著高于种子苗种植的产量,本实验中,以种植株行距为15 cm×15 cm产量最高,在水肥条件较好地段,可适当密植提高产量。     

Production of a new generation of seeds through the use of somatic clones in controlled crosses of black spruce (Picea mariana)

To assess the potential to integrate somatic clones (SC) of desired characteristics in production of high genetic quality seed, controlled crosses between different SCs of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P.) were used to assess their suitability for the production of viable pollen, cones, seeds and seedlings. These SC produced male and female strobili at an early stage. Pollen, cones and seeds produced were characterized (mass, size, germination); their characteristics were similar to those produced by trees in natural forests or seed orchards. A maternal effect was demonstrated for the cone size and seed mass. Although seeds had excellent germination rates, the somatic biparental crosses were divided into three distinct groups with different germination curves using the Weibull function. Seeds from controlled crosses between different SC enabled the production of high morpho-physiological quality seedlings in a forest nursery. Using black spruce as a model, we showed, for the first time, that SC can be used as seed producers. These encouraging results open new perspectives on the tangible integration of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in the chain of seed, vegetative propagation (cuttings and SE) and production of plants for high productivity plantations. Controlled crosses can be made between SC with the desired characteristics (fewer large branches, fewer nodes, good growth, high wood density, performance, improved yield, etc.), vegetative propagules produced and deployed to clonal tests. After elimination of the worst performing SC, clonal tests can be converted into seed orchards that produce a new generation of seeds of high genetic quality. This will allow the rapid introduction of new materials in elite breeding programs of forest species.     

栽植密度对不同种源芡实生长的影响

对不同栽植密度条件下,不同种源地芡实的生长情况进行了调查研究,结果表明:不同栽植密度间芡实的叶均直径、叶最大直径、果径、果长、果质量、粒数、粒质量均无明显差异,不同栽植密度间产量存在差异;不同种源地间8项物理性状指标均无明显差异;除果长与栽植密度的交互作用对产量无影响外,其余6种性状与栽植密度的交互作用均存在差异,表明交互作用对产量有影响。7种性状与种源地的交互作用下,种源地与产量间的关联不大。     

Evaluation of regeneration potential of Pinus koraiensis in mixed pine-hardwood forests in the Xiao Xing’an Mountains, China

Large scale harvest of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) seeds as a food product in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest of northeastern China poses a serious threat to the sustainability and restoration of this endangered regional ecosystem.Seed collection over past decades greatly reduced the seed bank and subsequent seedling and sapling recruitment,and impacting a wide array of granivorous animals that rely on the pine seeds.We surveyed Korean pine seeds,including solid seeds(SS),insect consumed seeds(ICS) and other(animal) consumed(OCS) kernels,of the seed bank(forest floor and the top 10 cm of mineral soil),the seedlings and saplings from 1 m 2 sample plots in five forest types in Liangshui Nature Reserve(LNR) of the southern Xiao Xing’an Mountains in northeastern China to provide accurate information for assessing the Korean pine regeneration potential.The average number of pine seeds in the seed bank were 11.2 seeds/m 2,9.1 seeds/m 2,4.6 seeds/m 2,1.1 seeds/m 2,and 0.2 seeds/m 2 in Korean pine-basswood forest,mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,mixed conifer-hardwood forest,white birch forests,and oak forests,respectively.In the first three forest types,percentages of SS(potentially viable seeds) were 11.2%,3.5% and 27.8%,respectively.The percentages of ICS(not viable seeds) were consistent at around 35%.The higher but variable percentages of OCS(not viable seeds) indicated high seed predation in these forests.Compared with other studies,we recorded higher percentages of seed damage,probably due to our survey approach and the increased depth of seed bank sampled in our study.Depletion of pine seeds in the seed bank greatly reduced seedling and sapling recruitment.Densities of pine seedlings varied from about 180 trees/ha in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest to about 5,400 trees/ha in the mixed conifer-hardwood forests and showed a high degree of spatial variation.Saplings were rare in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,but ranged in the thousands in other forests.Large scale pine seed harvest has seriously threatened the sustainability of the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest ecosystem.Scaling down the seed harvest or supplemental planting of pine saplings are urgently needed to maintain the health of the existing Korean pine forests and to restore this endangered ecosystem.