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1.
木材受力会蠕变变形,在实际使用过程中,其蠕变变形往往受环境温度和湿度的双重影响。而精确控制试件含水率一直是研究难点。通过对试件包裹耐高温薄膜(PVDC)并采用带湿度附件的DMA精准控制试件含水率,在宽温度范围内对宽含水率范围的桦木(Betula pendula)进行了横纹拉伸蠕变性能研究。结果表明:桦木横纹拉伸蠕变的瞬时柔量和蠕变柔量均随着温度和含水率的变大而增大,在高温高含水率条件下与低温低含水率条件下有数量级之差。在一定温度和一定含水率水平组合下,桦木横纹拉伸蠕变存在突增的现象,这一现象与玻璃化转变温度有关。温度和含水率对于桦木横纹拉伸蠕变起着一种复杂的交互作用。  相似文献   

2.
木材是一种具有不同细胞类型的天然纤维复合材料,其细胞壁的壁层结构与化学组分具有多样性。在静态恒定应力作用下,木材形变随时间延长而逐渐增大,即产生蠕变。木材蠕变是影响木制品和工程构件质量以及结构设计安全性的一个关键特性。根据木材中的水分状态,木材蠕变可以划分为"含水率平衡态时的普通蠕变"和"含水率非平衡态时的机械吸湿蠕变"。本文分别阐述了木材普通蠕变和木材机械吸湿蠕变的现象和特点;围绕木材的普通蠕变,归纳了木材组织结构、含水率、温度和应力水平等因素的影响;针对木材的机械吸湿蠕变,重点从分子水平、细胞壁层结构、物理老化等方面解释其发生机制,并论述微纤丝角、化学组分、含水率和温度等因素对机械吸湿蠕变的影响。此外,本文还总结了应力/应变本构方程和Kelvin-Voigt模型模拟木材蠕变的研究进展,分别概述了普通蠕变和机械吸湿蠕变的数值模拟过程及其应用。木材蠕变特性受其自身复杂的组织构造和环境条件的影响,且各因素之间又存在一定程度的交互作用,使得木材蠕变的研究仍有较多方面尚未涉及。建议今后的研究重点从以下4个方面展开:1)针对木材正交各向异性的构造特点,采用不同的载荷类型和形变模式进行组合测试,系统表征木材的正交异向蠕变特性;2)解明湿热条件下,水分、温度以及二者的交互作用对木材组分以及蠕变行为的影响,探索温湿度场中蠕变柔量与泊松比的同步实时测定;3)明确单根纤维(管胞、木纤维细胞)的机械吸湿蠕变行为规律,并确定木材组分,尤其是半纤维素在木材机械吸湿蠕变中的作用机制,从分子水平上解释氢键作用对木材机械吸湿蠕变的影响机制;4)构建能够充分解释木材蠕变特性内在机制和外在影响的蠕变模型。  相似文献   

3.
玉米秸碎料无胶模压成型蠕变特性初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了玉米秸碎料无胶模压成型过程中温度、压力和碎料含水率等工艺因素对其蠕变特性的影响,试验结果显示:3个因素均对玉米秸碎料模压成型蠕变特性有显著影响;模压温度120℃、压力5.6 MPa和碎料含水率12%时,玉米秸碎料的压缩蠕变量最大.  相似文献   

4.
探讨了毛竹在恒定压力下与不同温度和含水率的关系,确定其对应的蠕变模型,同时研究了竹节对竹材蠕变性能的影响.结果表明:在压应力小于屈服极限时,所选用的勃格四元件模型可以用来模拟竹材径向压缩的短期蠕变行为,四元件参数值均随温度和含水率的增加而减小,竹材带节后其蠕变黏性变形量增大.  相似文献   

5.
竹材横纹热压流变学性质的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以毛竹为对象,研究了在不同应力水平及不同温度、含水率下竹材横纹压缩的蠕变特性。实验结果表明,竹材横纹压缩蠕变组分与含水率、温度、应力水平密切相关;当压应力在屈服极限以下时,竹材横纹压缩蠕变的三种组分总量均与压应力、温度和含水率成正比,但温度和含水率的升高会使弹性组分的比量下降、粘弹性和粘性组分的比量增大。  相似文献   

6.
为解决木材变湿蠕变测试普遍存在的环境参数(温湿度和风速)控制方式和控制精度不足、蠕变变形量测试灵敏度和精度不足、数据智能采集和处理以及系统安全防护不足等问题,在集成现有技术的基础上研发出一套木材蠕变测试系统。该系统包括环境气候箱、蠕变测试机架、木材蠕变变形量及干缩湿胀测试单元、荷载同时装卸单元、数据采集和处理单元、系统保障和防护单元6个部分。该系统可在温度为0~70℃、相对湿度为10%~98%、风速为0.3~5.6 m/s时对木材或木基材料的普通蠕变和机械吸附蠕变进行长时间稳定的测试、记录,蠕变变形量及木材厚度方向的干缩湿胀检测精度为±0.01 mm,数据采样间隔在1 s~24 h范围内可调。与现有木材蠕变测试系统相比,本系统在多参数自动同步获取、数据采样精度、运行稳定性、安全性和环境风速可调性等方面有独特优势。通过前期对木材112 d循环变湿蠕变量、干缩湿胀量及环境温湿度参数的观测和测试结果分析,证实该套检测系统可对木材的蠕变挠度、干缩湿胀量、环境温湿度等参数进行长期连续稳定的检测、记录和显示,所有测试指标均能达到设计预期。同时,由于该系统具有多参数协同检测和精度较高等特性,使得实测木材变湿蠕变比采用喷蒸变湿处理试件所获蠕变测试结果在局部地方存在明显差异,如吸湿过程中的木材静曲挠度并不都是反向减小,而是取决于吸湿速率和外荷载的竞争关系,从而为木材静曲变湿蠕变机理的揭示提供了有力证据。该系统的研制为精确可控变温变湿环境下木材蠕变机理的研究提供了新的平台。  相似文献   

7.
采用纳米压痕静态和动态分析技术,研究了不同含水率马尾松木材的蠕变性能及动态黏弹性。首先在不同环境条件下调节样品含水率,分别为绝干、5.8%、11.2%和20.1%,然后利用纳米压痕技术测试木材的蠕变性能,并利用伯格斯模型,研究木材细胞壁静态黏弹性性能对水分的依赖关系。根据试验结果计算蠕变柔量,在含水率为20.1%、11.2%、5.8%和绝干时,其保载阶段最后蠕变柔量分别为0.638、0.472、0.387 GPa;和0.325 GPa;。最后,利用纳米压痕动态分析技术,获得木材细胞壁动态黏弹性性能。结果表明:随着含水率降低,细胞壁储存模量逐渐增加,而损耗模量逐渐下降。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】研究常规干燥过程中干燥基准、预处理条件、含水率对木材干燥应力的影响,探讨干燥应力沿髓心至树皮方向的分布情况,以实现干燥应变的模拟预测。【方法】整合分析采用图像解析法测算得到的弹性应变和机械吸附蠕变相关数据,基于人工神经网络模型,以干燥温度、含水率、相对湿度、距髓心距离为输入变量对弹性应变进行模拟预测,以预处理温度、干燥温度、含水率、相对湿度、距髓心距离为输入变量对机械吸附蠕变进行模拟预测。通过网络训练和验证,得到合理的人工神经网络预测模型,并对模型进行测试,探讨分析所建立模型的预测能力。【结果】弹性应变预测模型中,各数据集均呈现出较好的相关性,训练集、验证集和测试集的相关系数(R)分别为0.988、0.983和0.978,所有数据集的决定系数(R~2)均高于0.95,验证集达到最优时的均方差(MSE)为1.21×10~(-6)。机械吸附蠕变预测模型中,利用含水率为28%和12%的数据集进行模型训练和验证,训练集和验证集的相关系数(R)分别为0.981、0.977,验证集达到最优时的均方差(MSE)为1.26×10~(-6);利用含水率20%的数据集进行模型测试,测试集的相关系数(R)为0.969,所有数据集的决定系数(R~2)均高于0.94,网络模型能够解释94%以上的试验数据,表现出较好的预测能力。【结论】所建立模型的预测值和试验值吻合较好,预测成功率较高,能够为人工神经网络在干燥应力、应变方面的应用提供可行性依据。  相似文献   

9.
温度及水分状态对美国红松弯曲弹性模量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用温度控制系统,对美国红松小试样规格材进行测试,检验木材温度及水分状态对木材弯曲弹性模量的影响.结果表明:温度对木材的抗弯性能具有显著影响,随着温度的升高,木材的抗弯性能逐渐减弱;相同承载条件下,含水率越高,冻结木材的抗弯曲性能越强.对于纤维饱和材,冰点以下其弹性模量随着温度的降低而迅速增加,在冰点以上则增加缓慢;对于非纤维饱和材,其弹性模量受温度影响变化幅度在冰点两侧区别不明显.冻结木材弹性模量相对于常温(20℃)情况下(相对弹性模量)受温度和含水率变化的影响十分显著,而非冻结木材的相对弹性模量对温度变化均表现不敏感.通过建立的相对弹性模量-温度试验模型,能较好地预测不同温度及含水率下的木材弯曲弹性模量相对于常温的变化幅度.该研究为不同温度条件下尤其是低温时的木材弹性模量测量结果修正提供了试验依据.  相似文献   

10.
木材干燥过程中,介质循环速度是一个影响木材干燥的重要工艺参数.在木材各含水率阶段,通过试验分析研究不同介质循环速度对木材干燥速度的影响.结果表明,介质循环速度对干燥速度的影响显著,但其影响随木材含水率(MC)的降低而减弱.在低介质循环速度条件下,试件MC大于45%时,表现为木材干燥速度和木材含水率偏差(△MC)随循环风速的增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系;试件MC介于35% ~ 45%之间时,正相关关系存在但不显著;试件MC小于35%时,干燥室内循环风速的大小不影响木材的干燥速度和木材含水率偏差(△MC).对试件表层含水率分析,试件表层含水率大于25%时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响显著;试件表层含水率小于25%时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响很小,不同循环风速下试件表层含水率基本一样.  相似文献   

11.
In this report, we undertook studies of the viscoelastic properties of wood from the viewpoint of the fine structure and properties of the constituent materials in the wood cell wall. To measure the mechanical properties of the wood as the behavior of the cell wall, it is required to perform the longitudinal tensile test using a homogeneous specimen. In this study, microtomed specimens of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) earlywood were used for the creep test, which were conducted at the fiber saturation point. The substantial creep compliance of the cell wall was simulated using a simplified viscoelastic model consisting of a Voigt element and an independent spring in series. Based on the experimental results, the values of the parameters were optimized. The results were as follows: (1) the longitudinal tensile creep deformation tends to increase with the elapsed time, similar to the bending creep behavior; (2) the magnitude of the longitudinal creep function increases with MFA; and (3) each parameter in the simplified viscoelastic model is markedly affected by the MFA. Based on these results, the mechanism of the longitudinal tensile creep deformation of wood is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
木质材料变参数流变模型的研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
邵卓平 《林业科学》2003,39(3):106-110
如何建立木材在变载荷下蠕变的数学模型,是木材流变学在理论研究和生产应用中迄今尚未解决的问题。本文突破传统的常参数建模方法,提出一种变参数流变模型的概念,并以两单元的变参数Maxwell模型拟合了杨木的蠕变性质。结果表明:采用变参数流变模型不仅能以较少的弹、粘单元组合代替常参数的多个弹、粘单元组合模型,使流变参数便于求解,且对不同形式变载荷下的蠕变变形,均有很高的拟合精度。  相似文献   

13.
In order to investigate the effect of different reagents on changes of the crystalline region and amorphous region (Matrix) in wood cell walls, the creep behavior of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood treated with dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and diethyl amine, sulfur dioxide and dimethyl sulfoxide mixture (1)EA-SO2-DMSO), and the untreated wood at oven-dried, air-dry and water-saturated states during adsorption and desorption processes were all examined in air or in water. The measurements were carded out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The load is constant with 62 g or 0.607 6 N. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The instantaneous compliance J0 and the creep compliance J of specimens decrystallized with DEA-SO2-DMSO solution were bigger than those of DMSO swollen wood, and the latter was still much bigger than those of untreated wood. 2) For untreated wood, J0 and J increased with equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of wood, but there was not apparent correlation between wood EMC and the relative compliance. 3) Specimens treated with DMSO and DEA-SO2-DMSO mixture were recrystallized after immersion in water, and the degree ofrecrystallization of the former was larger. 4) For oven-dried specimens, the creep compliances in water were bigger than those in air. But for fiber-saturated and water-saturated specimens they were nearly equivalent to each other.  相似文献   

14.
将木材机械吸附蠕变理论引入弯曲木成型工艺,生产实践表明,该理论在弯曲木加工及木材大变形加工中都具有一定的指导作用.  相似文献   

15.
In our previous report, we investigated the effect of the microfibril angle (MFA) in the middle layer of the secondary wall (S2) on the longitudinal creep behavior of a thin homogeneous earlywood specimen sugi. In the present study, we investigated the role of moisture on the tensile creep behavior of wood. We discuss the creep behavior of the wood cell wall from the viewpoint of the composite structure of the cell wall and the properties of the constituent materials. A microtomed thin specimen of earlywood of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) was used for the longitudinal tensile creep test. Creep tests were conducted at three moisture stages (oven-dry, air-dry, fiber saturation point) over a broad range of MFA. Results showed that the longitudinal tensile creep behavior was highly dependent on both the moisture content and the MFA. With a small MFA, the variation in the creep function among the three moisture states was very small. For a large MFA, the variation in the creep function was larger. At low moisture contents, the magnitude of the creep function was very small, while at high moisture content, it was very large except for the case of specimens with very small MFA. Those results show that the longitudinal tensile creep behavior was directly affected by the fine composite structure and the internal properties of the cell wall constituents.  相似文献   

16.
以红松、落叶松、杉木和桦木为试验材料,采用苯酚-间苯二酚-甲醛树脂胶(RPF)和酚醛树脂胶(PF)进行胶合,使用专用卡具,在长期、恒定的荷栽作用下,研究胶合试件在各种使用条件下的蠕变性能.结果表明:RPF树脂的抗蠕变性能优于PF树脂,落叶松、红松试件的抗蠕变性能优于桦木和杉木.  相似文献   

17.
Fibre morphological effects on mechano-sorptive creep   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
The increased creep rate of paper under load during moisture cycling conditions as compared to that at high constant humidity is a problem in the use of packaging materials. In order to investigate the influence of morphological factors of the fibres on the occurrence and magnitude of this phenomenon, i.e. the occurrence of mechano-sorptive creep, studies on wood fibres isolated from different parts of spruce wood were performed. Thus, creep properties were studied on earlywood and latewood fibres from both juvenile wood and mature wood. In general, latewood fibres showed a higher degree of mechano-sorptive creep than earlywood fibres, and mature wood showed a higher degree of mechano-sorptive creep than juvenile fibres. The difference in mechano-sorptive creep rate between different fibres was shown to be correlated to the differences in fibril angle. The smaller the fibril angle the higher was the mechano-sorptive creep ratio. It was suggested that at fibril angles approaching 45° wood fibres do not exhibit mechano-sorptive creep.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The development of rheological models to predict creep has led to the derivation of quite complex equations that can predict creep reasonably accurately. However, these models are conceptual and are not based on a fundamental understanding of the actual deformation processes occurring within the material. The concept of modelling creep using a chemical kinetic approach is one that attempts to understand creep in wood at a molecular level and, from this, to develop models that more accurately predict creep deflections.This paper presents two models developed from chemical kinetic theory, that describe the time-dependant deformation of wood. The validity of applying these models to experimental data has been assessed by stress relaxation tests on thin samples of Sequoia sempervirens. Two stages of experimentation were carried out. In stage 1, both models were applied to the results of stress relaxation tests on 6 samples. Similar values of activation energy and activation volume were calculated by both models and a single energy barrier was found to dominate the deformation process.In stage 2, the effect of varying the initial applied stress on activation energy and activation volume was assessed by carrying out stress relaxation tests at stress levels of 25%, 30% and 35% of the short-term strength. Values of activation energy and activation were found to increase as the applied stress level decreased.Both models describe the time-dependent behaviour of wood well, however their ability to predict long-term creep deflections may be limited. Future work will develop these models further in order to improve long-term creep prediction and then apply them to the results of both creep and stress relaxation tests at a variety of stress levels and moisture contents in order to test their validity.  相似文献   

19.
γ射线辐射杉木压缩木材的固定和蠕变(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探讨木材压缩变定固定的机理 ,该研究对杉木压缩木材进行γ射线辐射处理 ,射线辐射剂量分别为 0 (作为对照试材 ) ,10 3 ,5× 10 3 ,10 4 ,5× 10 4 ,10 5,5× 10 5,10 6,5× 10 6Gy ,然后测定和讨论了γ射线辐射杉木压缩木材的重量损失率、平衡吸湿含水率 (EMC)、吸湿回复率 (RSA)和吸水回复率(RSW )、绝干状态下和吸湿解吸过程中的蠕变。该研究表明 :γ射线的辐射剂量对杉木压缩木材的重量损失率、EMC、RSA、RSW有重要的影响 ,当辐射剂量超过 10 6Gy后 ,试材的重量损失率和EMC显著增大 ,RSA和RSW显著下降 ;另外 ,随着γ射线辐射剂量的增大 ,绝干状态和吸湿解吸过程中杉木压缩木材的瞬时柔量和蠕变柔量均呈增大趋势 .从该研究结果可以推测 ,当γ射线辐射剂量较大时 ,特别当辐射剂量在 5× 10 6Gy左右时 ,杉木压缩木材的细胞壁中发生了降解反应或非结晶化反应 .而且 ,该研究证明了压缩木材细胞壁主成分发生的降解反应能够使木材压缩变定得到一定程度的固定  相似文献   

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