Comparative study on population age structures betweenAdenophora lobophylla andA. potaninii

Comparing with an affinity and widespread speciesAdenophora potaninii, the age structures of A.lobophylla population, an endangered plant species were studied. 29 sample plots were investigated in the centered distribution area, Jinchuan county from altitude 2 300 m to 3 400 m. The main factors which influence the population age structures of A.lobophylla were analyzed. The principal characteristics of A.lobophylla populations are that the number of seedling and the density of population are much less than these of A.potaninii population. Below altitude of 2 700 m, the age structures of most A.lobophylla populations show the declining status, only above altitude of 2 700 m they are stable, while age structures of all populations of A.potaninii populations at corresponding altitude perform stable and developing features. The age structure patterns, relations between age (x) and number of individual (y) of stable populations of A.lobophylla can be expressed by equation: y =e(^a-bx), and the longest life span is 25a. Whereas A.potaninii populations can be expressed by the equation: y =ax^-b, and the longest life span of individual is 21a. The external factors, which constrain the extension of A.lobophylla population, are extreme environmental conditions such as serious drought, external disturbance and low temperature. The project was supported by the National Nurture Science Foundation of P.R. China (No.393915007). (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Analysis and Comparison on Population Dynamics between Adenophora lobophylla and Adenophora potaninii by Leslie Matrix

Intr0ducti0nTheprediction0fpopLIIatiol1dy11a111icsisal1i111p0rtal1tcomp0nenti11conservationbioIogyofel1da11geredpIal1t.ItcouIdnotonlyexplaintl1ee11dangeredstattIS0ftl1eplantpopuIatiot1butaIsoprovidetl1esciel1tificevidcI1ceandtheguida11cefor111akil1gtI1epl.otectivepIal1(Jia11Zhiga11getal.,1997).TI1econ1pariso11oftl1epol)tlIati()11dynamicam011gtl1ediffere11tpopuIatiOI1sorsI,ecicscouIdmakeitpossibIetoa11aIyzetl1eexterl1aIe11vir()t1-me11taIc0nditi011a11dtl1eil1tril1sicI11crl1al1iSI11sw…     

Relationship between stomatal behavior and characteristics of photosynthesis and transpiration of Adenophora lobophylla and A. potaninii at different altitudes

IntroductionAdenOPhoraIObOPhytheandAdOnoPhorapot8niniiareperennialherbunderthejurisdictionofAd8no-phoraofCampanuIaceae.A.IObOPhyIfapopulationdistributesinthenorthwestareaofJinchuanCounty,innorthwestSichuanProvince,ataItitudesfrom2ooomto34oom,andthedistributionareaises-timatedIess5ookm2.A.pot8niniipopuIationisanextensivespecieswhichdistributesnotonIyinthenorthwestareaofSichuanProvincebutalsoinQinghai,Gansu,Shanxi,NingxiaandShanxi.Inre-centyears,thestudiesonendangeredmechanismforA.…     

Analysis and comparison on population dynamics betweenAdenophora lobophylla andAdenophora potaninii by leslie matrix

The population dynamic tendency ofAdenophora lobophylla Hong as an endangered species andAdenophora potaninii Korsh as widespread species, has been predicted by the Leslie matrix. And the comparison and analysis on the age structures between two species have been carried out in this paper. The results demonstrate theA. lobophylla populations which have the reasonable age structures perform slowly negative or positive increment at altitude 2300–3400 m. Especially. below altitude 2700 m. there are many populations performing seriously declining tendency. Contrary.A potaninii populations could adapt to environment perfectly at the corresponding condition without finding the population which performs the seriously declining tendency. The differences in developing tendency of population between the two species demonstrate thatA. lobophylla populations have the weaker ability to adapt to the external unfavorable conditions. The project was supported by Chinese Natural Science Foundation. (No. 3939150) The experiment carried out at the Botanical Department of University Federal Sao Carols in Brazil (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Dynamics of Betula ermanni population in subalpine vegetation in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

lntroductionNotonIyaretimberIinesthemostconspicuousvegetationboundaryinhighmountains,buttheyareaIsoanimportantecologicaIboundary(Bruce1996,Thomas1997).NowondersthenthosetimberIineshaveaIwaysattractedresearchersforbothscientificandpracticaIreasons.InChangbaiMountain,forexample,therestorationoftheclimatictimberlineandestabIishmentofanedectiveprotectiveforestarethetWoprincipalobjectivesofhigh-mountainfor-estmanagement.AIsointhisconnection,thepotentiaIresponseoftimberlinestoexpectedclimaticc…     

Dynamics ofBetula ermanni population in subalpine vegetation in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Betula ermanni population was divided into three groups: the upper population (2 000–2 200 m), the middle population (1 700–2 000 m), and the down population (1 400–1 700 m) in Changbai Mountain. The dynamics ofBetula ermanni populations in subalpine vegetation are studied and the population life table, fecundity schedule, survival curves, age structure, and fecundity curves were established. The results showed that the, middle population is obviously, the transition from the upper population to the down population. This project is supported by Chinese Academy of Science Responsible editor     

Effect of shading treatment on stomatal behavior of Adenophora lobophylla at different ages

The stomatal behavior of Adenophora lobophylla of different age structures was studied in July 1995 in greenhouse of the Harbin Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University by means of shading experiment. The effects of different shading treatments on the stomatal physiological character and ecological adaptation of A. lo-bophylla of different ages were compared. The results showed that the morphological characters of annual A. lo-bophylla were more obvious than that of the perennial, but the stomatal density of annual was less than that of perennial. Growth of annual A. lobophylla was more sensitive to the change of environment than that of the peren-nial. The ecological adaptation of annual was weak, which was one of the main causes of endangered population.     

南雄青嶂山常绿阔叶林优势物种组成与结构分析

基于1 hm2的固定样地数据,对粤北南雄小流坑—青嶂山保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林的物种多样性及优势植物种群的年龄、高度结构等特征进行了分析,以探讨森林群落的稳定性与演替进程.结果表明,样地中出现胸径≥1.0 cm的植物38科58属74种,个体总数1621株,建群种为木荷(Schima su-perba)和红锥(Castanopsis hystrix),重要值分别为16.56和12.00;优势种为赤皮青冈(Cyclobalanopsis gilva)、黄樟(Cinnamomum porrectum)、华润楠(Machilus chinensis)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca);群落优势科为山茶科、壳斗科、樟科、茜草科;群落整体上处于稳定阶段,其中木荷和青冈为稳定至早衰种群,红锥和赤皮青冈为基本稳定种群,华润楠为稳定种群,黄樟为衰老种群;各植物种群高度结构各具特色,其中木荷、华润楠和青冈对整个群落的高度结构影响较大.     

亚热带次生常绿阔叶林主要乔木各自然恢复１５年来的变化

在瓦屋山定位研究了中亚热带湿性常绍阔叶林次生群落１５a来各乔木种且成及其重要值、密度，大小结构、高度结构和材积生产力的动态变化，结果表明，自然恢复过程中次生常绿阔叶林群落乔木层物种组成变化明显，有１１种从群落乔木层消失，也有１０种出现，乔木层树种多样性（丰富度）基本保持动态平衡和发展；优势种地位保持不变，但次优势种地位得以加强；群落结构变化较大，突出表现为种群密度、胸径和树高分布格局的变化和立体空间的分布，群落由单优或双优种向双优或多优势种发展，由单一乔木屋向多层次立体结构发展，空间加厚，群落更复杂、稳定性增强。乔木种群平均高生长速度在２４－４８cm.a^-1 ,平均ＤＢＨ生长率在０.３４－１.１０cm.a^-1，各种群生长速度差异明显，按生长速度可划分为适应性强的速生树种如细梗呈茱萸叶五加，华木荷（平均ＤＢＨ生长在０．７０cm.a^-1以上），中等速度的小叶青冈、扁制栲（平均ＤＨＢ生长在０．４０cm.a^-1以上），慢生种如润楠、石栎（平均ＤＨＢ生长在０．４cm.a^-1以下）；种群材积生产力高低不一，优势种扁刺种群材积生产力并不是直增长，而是在后期出现下降；次优势和睦产长速度较快。１９９７年３固定样地材积量２１８－２２５m^3.hm^-2，优势种群材积生产力是群落材积生产力的高低的关键，在相同的环境条件下和各种群相互作用下，密度是各种群生长和材积生产力高低的决定因素之一。     

北川不同海拔珙桐种群年龄结构研究

采用树木年代学的方法,按照珙桐的分布特点分海拔下限（1400 m～1500 m）,中部（1 600 m～1 700 m）,上限（1 800 m～1 900 m）,研究不同海拔梯度下北川珙桐种群的年龄结构,结果表明：海拔上限珙桐年龄结构偏大,缺乏幼苗及30 a～40a的个体;在海拔中部,30 a～40 a的个体占的比例较大,争夺空间和资源的能力更强;海拔下限的实生幼苗较多.在中部海拔分布的珙桐较多,且年龄结构集中在30 a～40 a之间,低海拔的种群特征是以幼苗为优势,而高海拔面有的幼苗却很少,表明海拔对珙桐种群年龄结构有重要的影响.     

广东平远龙文-黄田自然保护区的珍稀濒危植物种群特征

基于资料、标本及长期野外调查数据,研究了广东平远龙文- 黄田省级自然保护区内野生的国家重点保护植物和珍稀濒危植物种类、数量和分布,分析了部分有特色的植物种群的高度结构和年龄结构。结果表明,区内共有各类珍稀濒危植物11 科12 属14 种,其中国家I 级重点保护的有台湾苏铁(Cycas taiwaniana)、伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis) 2 种;II 级重点保护植物9 种;因多年未见台湾苏铁的繁殖器官,该种群将趋于衰老;闽楠(Phoebe bournei) 种群以0.3~1.3 m 高度幼苗为主,年龄结构以II 级幼苗为主,属非典型的增长种群;半枫荷(Semiliquidambar cathayensis) 种群以树高8.1~10.0 m 的个体最多,年龄结构以中树最多,缺乏幼苗,属中等衰退种群;伞花木(Eurycorymbus cavaleriei) 种群以9.1~10.0 m 高度的个体最多,年龄结构以中树为主,属早衰种群;吊皮锥(Castanopsis kawakamii ) 种群以高度<2.0 m 的幼苗最多,属较稳定种群。针对各种群结构特点,文章提出了相应的保护措施。     

粤北车八岭杉木人工林物种多样性及优势植物种群结构

基于1hm2的固定样地数据,对广东车八岭国家级自然保护区人工杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)林的物种多样性及优势阔叶植物种群的年龄结构和高度结构等特征进行了分析,以探讨群落的自然演替进程.结果表明:样地中胸径≥1.0 cm的植物共62种,个体总数3740株,其中杉木占57.03%,重要值为50.51;其他7种优势阔叶植物的重要值之和为29.72;杉木林乔木层的Gleason指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为6.732、0.655、1.884和0.456;优势阔叶植物种群中,赤杨叶(Alniphyllum fortunei)是典型的衰老种群;枫香(Liquidambar formosana)为稳定至衰老种群;檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、油茶(Camellia oleifera)、野柿树(Diospyros kaki var.silvestris)为基本稳定种群;木荷(Schima superba)和华润楠(Machilus chinensis)为增长种群;各植物种群高度结构特征表现不同,只有杉木种群在10.0 m及以上的高度结构与整个群落相似.经过30 a的自然演替,杉木的重要值仍大于50,群落的针叶林性质未变,属于向地带性植被常绿阔叶林过渡的早期阶段;虽然出现了赤杨叶、枫香、檵木等优势阔叶树种,但它们在群落中未达到杉木的建群种地位.     

Relationship between stomatal behavior and characteristics of photosynthesis and transpiration of Adenophora Iobophylla and A. potaninii at different altitudes

The photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics ofAdenophora Iobophylla and A. potaninii, as well as stomatal behavior such as stomatal size, stomatal density, stomatal open and stomatal conductivity were measured at different altitudes. The relationship between the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics and the stomatal behavior was analysed by correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis with altitude changes.The results showed that the influences of stomatal behavior were not evident on the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics of A. Lobophylla, but evident on that of A. potaninii.     

Geographical distribution of Aralia elata characteristics correlated with topography and forest structure in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces,Northeast China

The Araliaceae family consists of numerous species of medical plants of significant value as non-wood forest products. To conserve and culture these plants in natural forest stands is an important undertaking which should be implemented according to the relationship between forest structure and understory population. In this study, thirtyfive plots were established in natural A ralia elata stands. Taller individual and denser populations were found in the northern and in the eastern regions, respectively. Both population densities and individual leaf weight increased along longitude. In contrast, their relationship with elevation and DBH were negative. Along with the altitude gradient, both height and root-collar diameter increased but population density declined. Root-collar diameter and population density decreased with latitude and DBH, respectively. Overall, dominant trees unlikely enforced strong disturbance to the development of understory A. elata populations unless concerning some specific topographic factors.     

海拔高度对‘香玲’核桃生长结果习性的影响

以引种的‘香玲’核桃为试材,对襄阳市保康县不同海拔区域的核桃生长结果习性进行调查研究,结果表明:在相同的生长年限下,引种的‘香玲’核桃平均树高、平均地径在海拔700~800 m呈现最大值,单株冠幅面积和单株结果数量在600~700 m呈现最大值,700~800 m产量最不稳定,病果率在海拔600~700 m最低;在海拔800 m以上,随着海拔的升高,树体平均高度、树体平均地径、单株冠幅面积和单株结果数量均呈现下降的趋势。因此,保康县600~800 m区域是最适宜‘香玲’核桃引种的区域。     

唐家河自然保护区连香树种群结构与数量动态

以种群静态生命表及生存分析理论为基础,以林木径级结构代表年龄结构,利用生存函数分析等方法,对唐家河自然保护区连香树种群的结构及数量动态特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)研究区域内连香树种群结构基本呈金字塔型,其种群内幼苗较少,中老龄个体较多;(2)种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,在第Ⅱ龄级出现峰值,即幼苗死亡率较高;种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;(3) 4个生存函数曲线表明,连香树种群具有前期锐减、中后期相对稳定和末期逐渐衰退的特点,目前种群已处于衰退的早期。     

黄荆山红椿种群动态分析

为探究珍稀植物红椿天然种群濒危机制,在黄荆山红椿采用相邻格子法设置2个20 m×20 m样方进行调查,划分了红椿龄级结构,分析了种群龄级数量动态指数,编制了种群的特定时间生命表,分析了存活曲线。结果表明:12个种群均为增长型种群;2T1种群第5龄级dx达到峰值,消失率Kx最大;T2种群dx峰值在第6龄级,消失率Kx最大;2个种群Ex最大值均在第1龄级,随龄级递增逐渐下降;3存活曲线为DeeveyⅡ型,表明各龄级具有相同的死亡率。红椿种群的龄级结构特征与其强阳性特征和竞争密切相关人为"正向干扰"可以促进红椿天然群落的更新与保护。     

Effects of different forest practices on Pinus tabulaeformis population dynamics and species diversity in the Huanglongshan forest region

Three Pinus tabulaeformis populations which experienced tending, shelterwood cutting, and closed tending were separately investigated to study the effects of these three forest practices on the age structures, static life tables, survivorship curves, and species diversities of P. tabulaeformis populations in Huanglongshan Mountain. Time sequence model was adopted to predict the dynamic population numbers of different P. tabulaeformis populations with different forest practices. The results revealed that the three populations are essentially identical in population structure, their young and old individuals make up a small proportion and their mid-aged individuals make up a large proportion and consequentially P. tabulaeformis populations generally stand stable. In the P. tabulaeformis communities with three tending practices, the highest species abundance index appears with tending and shelterwood cutting and the highest evenness index and species diversity appears with closed tending. The P. tabulaeformis populations with tending and shelterwood cutting practices belong to one developmental type and the P. tabulaeformis populations with closed tending practices belong to a stable type. It indicated that in the future, closed tending as the major practice and tending and shelterwood cutting as the supporting practices should be applied for P. tabulaeformis populations in Huanglongshan Mountain so that the communities will develop continuously. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2006, 26(5): 1,007–1,013 [译自: 西北植物学报]     

湖南黄桑国家级自然保护区主要植物群落类型特征的研究

通过87个样地的调查研究表明,黄桑国家级自然保护区的主要植物群落有:栲林、木荷林、亮叶水青冈林、石栎林、华榛林、鹅掌楸林、桦木林、枫香林、华南五针松林、润楠林、马尾松林、杉木林、闽楠林、云山白兰林、三尖杉林、龙胜杜鹃林、映山红灌丛、竹林、马兰灌草丛等。植物群落景观具有明显的垂直性分布:海拔1 200 m以下为常绿阔叶林带;海拔1 200~1 400 m之间为常绿与落叶阔叶混交林(包括针阔叶混交林);海拔1 400~1 700 m之间为山顶矮林;海拔1 700 m以上为中山灌丛、草丛带。植物群落物种多样性与群落结构的复杂性呈正相关,各群落类型物种多样性指数普遍较高。     

海拔高度对壶瓶山昆虫群落物种多样性的影响

对湖南壶瓶山江坪地区不同海拔高度的昆虫群落优势度、多样性指数和均匀度指数的差异进行了分析。指出优势度指数在海拔900 m处最低,随海拔升高而略有上升;多样性指数在海拔900~1 500 m处比较高且稳定;而均匀度指数在海拔600~1 500 m地带略高且稳定。江坪多样性值较高的指数处于海拔900~1 500 m地带,其次是高海拔的1 800 m左右物种多样性指数较高。该地区昆虫群落的优势度、多样性、均匀度三个指标均不随海拔梯度的变化而具有明显的变化