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1.
通过野外观察和实验室可控条件下的测定,研究了杨小舟蛾蛹的羽化日节律特征和第1 4代羽化进程差异,统计了各代次羽化率和历期,分析了其羽化影响因子。结果表明:杨小舟蛾蛹羽化表现为“驼峰型”节律特征,羽化高峰出现在4:00和17:00;其1 4代蛹在相同羽化条件下羽化进程存在差异,羽化完成总虫数80%所需时间逐渐缩短,相同世代雌雄羽化高峰间隔也逐渐缩短;杨小舟蛾蛹1 4代在相同羽化条件下的平均羽化率间存在显著差异,分别为(31.41±1.16)%、(43.67±1.84)%、(38.20±1.39)%和(27.81±2.42)%;各代羽化历期存在显著差异,分别为(10.71±0.45)、(8.56±0.17)、(6.88±0.68)、(6.43±0.66)d。羽化影响因子分析表明:不同温度和湿度处理间羽化率存在显著差异,较好的组合为光期温度(30±1)℃、暗期温度(24±1)℃,光期湿度(50±10)%、暗期湿度(70±10)%,光周期处理间差异不显著。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】研究明纹侧柏松毛虫(柏科林木的主要食叶性害虫)羽化、求偶和交配行为的规律,并通过林间诱蛾试验测试雌雄蛾之间的引诱活性,以期为明纹侧柏松毛虫性信息素的提取和鉴定提供依据。【方法】于2019、2020年通过室外笼内人工饲养观察和野外诱蛾的方法,观察明纹侧柏松毛虫成虫羽化和生殖生物学节律。【结果】成虫羽化集中在晚上(19:00—2:00),日羽化高峰集中在21:00。2019年与2020年的羽化期不同。2019年养虫笼内的蛹7月初开始羽化,7月底进入羽化高峰期(7月29日左右),8月中旬羽化逐渐减少;2020年养虫笼内的蛹羽化日期晚于2019年,7月中旬开始羽化,8月中旬进入羽化高峰期(8月11日左右),之后逐渐降低。在羽化高峰期之前,雄蛾羽化数量多于雌蛾,高峰期后,雌蛾羽化数量较雄蛾多。2019、2020年的成虫羽化率分别为83.8%、88.5%。雌雄蛾的性别比例为1∶1.04(2019)和1∶1.01(2020)。未交配雌雄蛾平均寿命分别为4.05、5.84天,交配后雌雄蛾平均寿命分别为3.69、5.33天。雌蛾在羽化当日即观察到有求偶行为,求偶行为均发生在晚上,其中1日龄和2日...  相似文献   

3.
方健惠  田椰  孙天鑫 《甘肃林业科技》2005,30(1):13-15,53,F003
巴黎翠凤蝶在甘肃白水江自然保护区1年2代,以蛹越冬,翌年3月下旬越冬蛹开始羽化,4月下旬至5月初为第1代成虫羽化高峰期,第2代成虫羽化高峰期在6月底7月初;寄主为芸香科的飞龙掌血、柑橘类等植物;成虫喜访白色系的花,也好在臭水沟处群聚嬉戏,一般在常绿林带的高处活动,飞行迅速,警觉性高而且很少停息,难以捕捉。红基美凤蝶在白水江自然保护区1年2代,以蛹越冬,翌年4月初越冬蛹开始羽化,4月下旬为第1代成虫羽化高峰期,6月底7月上旬为第2代成虫羽化高峰期;7月下旬成虫数量减少,但直至9月仍可见到成虫;7月上旬产卵高峰期,9月初为化蛹高峰期;直到10月上中旬还可见幼虫;幼虫5龄,历期25~35d;寄主为柑桔等芸香科植物。  相似文献   

4.
通过野外观察和实验室可控条件下的测定,研究了杨小舟蛾蛹的羽化日节律特征和第1 4代羽化进程差异,统计了各代次羽化率和历期,分析了其羽化影响因子。结果表明:杨小舟蛾蛹羽化表现为"驼峰型"节律特征,羽化高峰出现在4:00和17:00;其1 4代蛹在相同羽化条件下羽化进程存在差异,羽化完成总虫数80%所需时间逐渐缩短,相同世代雌雄羽化高峰间隔也逐渐缩短;杨小舟蛾蛹1 4代在相同羽化条件下的平均羽化率间存在显著差异,分别为(31.41±1.16)%、(43.67±1.84)%、(38.20±1.39)%和(27.81±2.42)%;各代羽化历期存在显著差异,分别为(10.71±0.45)、(8.56±0.17)、(6.88±0.68)、(6.43±0.66)d。羽化影响因子分析表明:不同温度和湿度处理间羽化率存在显著差异,较好的组合为光期温度(30±1)℃、暗期温度(24±1)℃,光期湿度(50±10)%、暗期湿度(70±10)%,光周期处理间差异不显著。  相似文献   

5.
研究结果表明,桃仁蜂成虫羽化期相对紧凑、集中,呈单高峰曲线。桃仁蜂成虫羽化出核具有明显的时段性,高峰时段为7:00-8:00,占总数的78.35%。羽化出核数量与气温关系密切,采用多种代换方式组建累积羽化率(%)(Y)与累积日均温(℃)(X)的单因子测报模型为Y=0.012466X 1.620477,测报准确率达到80.29%~93.84%。  相似文献   

6.
柳杉大痣小蜂的寄生及防治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综合比较几种寄生率考查方法,以剖粒法是为简便,也符合客观,可在生产上应用;据室内观察成虫的羽化始期为4月15日,最迟至4月24日,羽化高峰期为4月22~24日,低峰期为4月28日;成虫雌雄性比平均为1:1、31。本研究为防治提出了几种方法,其中较为经济方便的是除掉当年受害球果,消灭越冬虫源;在成虫羽化盛期的4月15日至5月初,在柳杉林内进行喷药,杀死成虫。  相似文献   

7.
杨小舟蛾生物学特性的初步观察   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
杨小舟蛾在白城地区1年发生2代,以蛹越冬。6月上旬为成虫羽化始期,6月中旬为羽化高峰期,成虫羽化后即交尾产卵。第2代幼虫出现在7月上旬,7月中旬为幼虫孵化高峰期,8月上旬开始化蛹准备越冬。  相似文献   

8.
竹泰广肩小蜂在浙江临安1年1代,11月下旬以老熟幼虫在寄主虫瘿内过冬,翌年4月上旬起化蛹,4月下旬羽化。幼虫为害期从5月上中旬开始至11月下旬止。4月下旬羽化高峰期用敌马烟剂熏杀。  相似文献   

9.
桃小食心虫成虫发生规律与气象因子相关性及防治   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为掌握桃小食心虫在枣园内的发生规律及防治最佳期,采用桃小性诱剂为测报工具,对其进行研究,结果表明,桃小食心虫成虫每年有2 ̄3次发生高峰,分别为6月上中旬、7月上中旬和8月上中旬,同时,发现桃小成虫发生与气象因子有密切关系;温度在24℃时桃小羽化最为适宜,小于18℃或大于30℃时,难以羽化;羽化期适量降雨有利于羽化,干旱、大风、大雨不利于羽化。因此,6月底以地面防治为主。7月上旬以树上防治为主的防治  相似文献   

10.
我们从1980—1983年对大袋蛾的繁殖习性进行了观察,现小结于下。 一、羽化: 1、雌、雄蛾的羽化呈现明显的不同步现象。雌蛾羽化期短而集中,雄蛾羽化期长而分散,但二者的盛期及峰期是重合的。据1980年调查,雄蛾羽化期为5月20日—6月30日,历时40天;盛期为5月28~6月19日,历时22天;峰期为6月10日前后。雌蛾羽化期为6月3日~6月17日,历时15天;盛期在6月5日~6月14日,历时10天,峰期  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.  相似文献   

14.

Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated.  相似文献   

15.

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.  相似文献   

16.

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > TithoniaEuphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

18.

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.  相似文献   

19.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

20.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

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