私有林自然保护工作重点

美国：《雷斯法案》修订案相关部分着重强调了关于美国私有林自然保护工作的3个方面：①以多重价值和多种用途为目标的自然保护和森林景观管理工作；②防止森林遭受火灾、飓风、暴风雨灾害、病虫害，对已经受灾森林采取适当的恢复措施；     

努力争创国家森林城市 大力推进生态文明建设

森林是人类的摇篮，是文明的载体，是资源的宝库，是绿色的屏障。可以说没有森林，就没有人类，就没有人类文明，就没有优美的环境。森林不仅具有重要的经济价值，更具有重要的社会价值，特别是生态价值。 创建国家森林城市是无锡一个重大战略举措，争取的不仅仅是一块牌子、一项荣誉，更重要的是无锡在”保护母亲湖”、构建和谐社会过程中树立的全新形象。     

人类“保护神”森林,您的生存价值知多少?——侯元兆等对中国森林价值概算十三万亿元

人世间对养育人类的森林“不公”! 中国从延续几十年的计划经济迈进市场经济之后,人们首先遇到的就是社会上“万花筒”式的种种价值观。大家在追寻学习的价值、工作的价值和生存的价值。有的趴在钱眼上窥测自己能换多少钱,有的站在历史的长河上考虑能给社会留下什么?然而,作为人类“保护神”的森林,她有没有价值?她     

侗族传统文化的环境价值观

森林被侗族视为“衣食父母”，并把森林、土地和人及万物等放在一个共生的、相互关联的生态体系中，由此形成了独特的传统观念和价值取向：保护森林和土地的宗教价值观；顺天合气的生态价值观；发展经济与保护环境并举的社会价值观。随着当代生态文明的兴起，侗族传统文化的环境价值观只有与生态文化的契合，才能实现侗民族地区的可持续发展。     

甘肃省首届“森林卫士杯”演讲比赛在兰州举行

按照公安部、国家林业局森林公安局《关于深入开展人民警察核心价值观教育活动通知》的要求，甘肃省森林公安局在全省各级森林公安机关组织开展了人民警察核心价值观教育实践活动。为充分展示和巩固此次教育实践活动的成果，日前，甘肃省森林公安局在兰州举办了以“弘扬人民警察核心价值观，忠实履行森林卫士职责”为主题的全省森林公安系统第一届“森林卫士杯”演讲比赛。全省森林公安民警以昂扬的斗志，饱满的热情，进行了一次集体宣言。     

大兴安岭火灾保险缺位中国1.58亿公顷森林险谁来买单

森林资源的价值(涉及森林面积、年龄、投入标准、当地市场价格等因素)、赔付率这两个森林保险的核心内容至今还没有科学的计量、测算模式。而产权不明使得一些林业部门根本就没有森林投保的观念。     

乌玛林业局景观资源初探

在党的十八大报告中,把生态文明建设提升到中国特色社会主义的"五位一体"战略高度。自然森林景观不仅具有多重价值,同时,森林景观资源也是人类休闲、娱乐的主要场所和营地。     

森林林木资源定价理论与方法的研究综述

近年来森林资源价值已为越来越多的人所承认和关注。该文在阅读了大量文献资料的基础上,对森林林木资源价值问题的研究进展、评估所遵循的资源价值观、评价的理论基础、评价方法进行了归纳和综述。     

高保护价值森林与生态公益林区划比较研究

高保护价值森林理论已在我国林业相关部门受到广泛关注, 但只有少数森林经营单位实际开展了高保护价值森林区划判定工作。由于我国关于高保护价值森林的判定标准还没有量化指标, 使得大多数森林经营单位无法得出确切的区划结果。文中介绍了高保护价值森林与生态公益林的概念, 从判定标准、区划方法和应用范围3个方面比较了高保护价值森林与生态公益林之间的异同点, 并以我国4个森林经营单位作为案例分析, 对我国建立高保护价值森林区划体系提出建议, 以期推动高保护价值森林在我国的发展。     

树立森林环境资源价值观解决林业生产的两种外部性：试谈林业定位及环境经？

树立森林环境资源的价值观,评价其环境价值。认识林业生产过程中的两个外部性,解决相应的补偿和内化问题。制定既保护和有效利用森林环境资源的经济激励机制和又能部分解决森林培育资金来源的林业环境经济政策。     

21世纪世界林业发展战略和经营模式

本文就世界各种林业经营理论、发展战略和经营进行深入的探讨，、并对其２１世纪的发愤趋势进行预测。     

关于建立国家公益林制度的若干意见

实行国家公益林制度是社会发展的必然趋势,要通过制度来认识和经营管理国家公益林。国家公益林就是指关系国家生态安全和根本利益的一些重要地段、流域和区域内由国家直接管理和建设的公益林。这些国家公益林应该包括一些重要的水源林、国家级自然保护区、国家森林公园和国家级重点名胜区内的森林等。国家公益林的建设目标:实行国家公益林管理制度,根据国家的生态安全需要,有重点、分步骤、分批地建立国家公益林体系,构建起由国家直接管理的生态安全的保障体系。建设国家公益制度的思路:一是在全国范围内作好公益林生态地位等级的科学区划及相应的规划工作;二是建立完善的法规体系;三是完善法人治理结构;四是一些重要流域水源林保护管理机构的建立;五是集中有限的资金提高投资效益。并提出了建立国家公益林制度亟需研究的相关课题。     

工业化国家的林业产业政策

工业化国家林业产业当前面临的主要问题是环境污染对大面积森林构成的严重危胁和对分散的私有林无法进行现代化经营。此外,尚有财政危机和某些国家的林产品过度依赖进口等问题。在90年代,甚至更长的时期内,发达国家林业产业政策的调整方向是,保护和改造现有林,通过实施分类经营战略发挥森林的多种效益,兼用行政和经济手段引导私有林的发展,进一步调整林产品结构和大力发展木材培育业。     

Sustaining Tropical Forest Biodiversity

Abstract

Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the action participation and support of local people, the national government and international cooperation as a whole, arc essential for an effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This integrated development strategy ensures that socio-economic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations.     

Introduction: Working Forests in the Tropics: Policy and Market Impacts on Conservation and Management

Abstract

Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the active participation and support of local people, national governments, and the international community as a whole are essential to effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This development strategy ensures that socioeconomic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations.     

世界林业经营模式探讨

林业经营模式对林业发展具有重要的意义。当代世界林业主要有三种经营模式:森林经济、社会和生态三大效益一体化经营模式,森林多效益主导利用经营模式和森林多效益综合经营模式。本文重点就林业三种经营模式的内涵、特点及发展趋势进行了探讨。     

人工林长期立地生产力研究概述

本文首先对国内外人工林长期立地生产力问题研究的背景、历史沿革进行了回顾，阐述了从过去讨论单一树种连栽导致的生产力下降和土壤退化问题发展成为关注全球和区域的气候变化、大气污染、自然灾害以及所有与长期立地生产力有关的人工经营措施对长期立地生产力影响这样一个广阔领域研究的历史演变过程，并且列举了目前世界各国一些正在实施的相关研究项目的主要研究内容和目标。然后对长期立地生产力研究有关的概念和术语进行了比较分析，重点阐述了立地、立地生产力、长期森林生产力／持续森林生产力、长期立地生产力／持续立地生产力等概念在长期生产力研究中的意义和涵盖的范围，介绍了国内外一些学者对长期立地生产力研究时间周期的界定，并对我国几个树种（如杉木和毛竹等）的长期立地生产力研究的时间周期进行了探讨。最后简述了国内外在长期立地生产力研究上采用的技术方法、研究策略及今后的发展趋势。     

A review of ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests

A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests.Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management.Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering,such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States,the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union,and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China.The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments,scientists,and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change.We introduce forestry ecoengineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests.Ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized,i.e.,the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management;the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures;and,the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies.In addition,several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future,which include:(1) theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale;(2) the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales;and,(3) the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.     

Tree Species Diversity in Community Managed and National Park Forests in the Mid-Hills of Central Nepal

Community forestry is expanding in developing countries but there is limited knowledge of, and contradictory findings about, its contribution to biodiversity conservation. This study aims at increasing the understanding of tree species diversity in community forests compared to National Parks. A forest inventory was carried out in four community forests and one National Park in the mid-hills of central Nepal. The study found that community forestry has contributed to high tree species diversity where forest management communities have interests in multiple species, but most community forests are moving toward promoting limited timber yielding species that have high economic value. Linking community forestry with economic incentives for conserving multiple tree species could therefore be a strategy to conserve biodiversity outside of protected areas.     

Impacts of forest management on liana diversity and community structure in a tropical forest in Ghana: implications for conservation

We studied the impacts of liana cutting as a forest management tool on liana diversity(species richness,Shannon diversity index) and community structure(diameter distribution, basal area, species dominance) in the Asenanyo Forest Reserve, Ghana. Two types of silviculturally treated forests were studied: Logging treated(LT)and Tropical Shelterwood System(TSS) treated forests. An untreated primary forest was included as a control, resulting in three forest management systems. Lianas with diameter C2 cm were identified in ten 40 9 40 m2 plots within each management system. Liana cutting significantly reduced liana species richness, Shannon diversity index, and basal area in the LT forest after two decades.However, liana species richness and basal area werecomparable in the TSS treated and untreated forests, indicating significant recovery in the former after over six decades. S?rensen similarity index of liana species composition between the untreated forest and each of the treated forests was moderate. Our findings suggest that liana cutting most likely influenced the dominance of some liana species. In view of the adverse impact of blanket liana cutting on liana diversity, selective liana cutting is recommended as a means of controlling liana numbers while maintaining liana diversity.