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1.
卫星林火监测作为森林火灾预防和扑救工作的重要方法,在我国森林防火工作中得到广泛推广和应用。基于卫星监测研究全国各省份的林火热点分布规律以及热点集中区域的气象因子与火灾频率的关系,以我国各地区2010—2015年春季森林防火期(3月1日—6月1日)的卫星监测热点数据为研究对象,分析我国各省林火的年际变化及区域分布特征;通过提取火场时空因子,结合当年气象数据,建立热点集中区域的火灾趋势回归模型。结果表明,卫星监测热点统计的森林火灾次数与当地林业局统计的火灾数据吻合度高。2010—2015年春季林火热点从整体趋势上看,森林火灾的热点数量在逐年递减,主要集中在中国的西南部区域,最多的省份为云南省,占林火热点总数的20%;其次为四川省,占林火热点总数的13%。云南省的春季林火次数多元回归方程,复相关系数R=0.838**;四川省的春季林火次数多元回归方程,复相关系数R=0.744*,回归模型都达到了显著水平。卫星监测热点用于林火监测,可以高精度统计森林火灾次数,回归模型对于林火的预测预报具有一定适应性,为森林火灾发生预测预报提供数据支持。  相似文献   

2.
区域森林火灾时间序列分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用广州市近20年的森林火灾数据,以受害率、发生率、控制率及节气火灾发生概率构造时间序列,借助离散正交小波及Mann-Kendall方法分析林火发生时间序列特征,并结合博克斯-詹金斯法、马尔可夫链与聚类分析、判别分析进行短期预测.结果表明:林火发生时间序列有明显的波动和平稳的时间区间,年控制率从一种状态到另一种状态的飞跃点为1986年;在未来的两年里,火灾发生的状况将保持稳定,与1990~1998年和2001~2006年的火灾发生状况处于相同水平;林火的节气发生概率较高为立春、大雪2个节气时间段,防火期外和防火期内的白露和秋分两个节气区间段林火发生的概率较低;阳历新年和阴历新年前后林火发生概率高,呈现逐年增加的趋势.  相似文献   

3.
通过对2000~2004年黑龙江省夏季森林火灾进行研究分析发现,该地区夏季林火呈现明显的空间、时间分布特点。(1)黑龙江省夏季林火只在121°12′~130°16′E和46°53′~53°25′N之间发生过。(2)大兴安岭和黑河地区是黑龙江省夏季林火的主要发生地区,大兴安岭地区的夏季林火火因基本都是雷击火,黑河地区的夏季林火火因主要是烧荒。(3)大兴安岭及黑河地区各个县区夏季林火状况有很大不同。(4)6月是大兴安岭雷击火发生最多的时期,6月15~25日是烧荒引发夏季林火的重点时期。黑龙江省6月15~20日间发生的夏季林火次数最多,明显高于其他时间段,过火面积也最大。7月1~5日及8月20日以后均没有夏季林火发生。(5)黑龙江省夏季林火日变化规律较为明显地分为三个阶段。  相似文献   

4.
为了科学有效地开展森林防火工作,利用辽宁省2000~2010年林火监测数据,统计分析了林火发生的时间和空间动态变化规律,得出每年的春秋两季,特别是3~4月,每日13:00~ 15:00是火灾发生频率最高的时间;西部地区发生林火最多,南部地区及中部地区次之,东部地区发生最少.其内在规律可为林火预防和预测提供科学依据.  相似文献   

5.
卫星林火监测在东北林区森林防火中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李洪双  江西军 《森林防火》2010,(1):39-41,46
概述了目前应用于林火监测系统的卫星特征,介绍了4年来东北卫星林火监测的发展情况。结合卫星林火监测的特点,阐述其在东北林区的应用状况,分析其在应用过程中存在的问题并提出了相关建议,为进一步做好林火监测工作提供科学参考。  相似文献   

6.
利用卫星遥感数据自动识别林火热点的过程中,需要尽可能排除卫星林火虚假热点以提高林火热点识别的精度。利用DBSCAN算法对湖南省范围内的卫星林火热点信息数据库(2015年10月—2017年12月)进行了数据挖掘,并建立了虚假林火热点历史经验库,对挖掘结果进行了分析和判别验证。结果表明:运用得到的虚假林火热点历史经验数据库进行比对,能够对固定热源类、农用火源类和水面反射类的卫星林火虚假热点进行有效过滤,为提高森林火灾卫星动态监测的准确度提供了一种有效的解决办法。  相似文献   

7.
卫星遥感技术在林火管理与研究中的应用(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
卫星遥感已经成为森林火险等级预测、可燃物和火烧区制图、林火监测和火生态研究的一个主要数据来源。本文综述了这些研究领域的研究成果,分析了未来林火管理中采用的卫星遥感技术的发展趋势。根据卫星遥感数据制取的可燃物分布图可以满足林火管理在空间和时间尺度上的需要。单独采用遥感数据或结合地面气象数据可以生成一些火险指数,用于森林火险的预报。目前NOAA 和MODIS 卫星由于有高的时间分辨率已被广泛用于林火探测和监测,这些监测结果可以在许多林火网站上见到,这为世界各地的林火管理和研究提供了重要的参考资料。作为低成本的有效工具, 卫星遥感技术在确定火烧面积和过火区制图上发挥了重要作用。遥感技术的发展也可以用来推断火烧时间和估计火烧程度。卫星遥感也非常适合用来估计生物燃烧面积,这是估计全球或区域生物燃烧排放量和理解火对全球变化的影响的基础。本文还讨论了林火研究中采用的卫星类型。文章最后建议中国需要在卫星遥感技术的应用上进一步发展,提高我国的林火管理水平。参71。  相似文献   

8.
南方省区卫星林火监测的任务艰巨,面临新的挑战.本文对西南卫星林火监测分中心卫星林火监测系统近5年识别出的森林火灾热点数据进行了分析,总结2009年南方省区森林热点的时空分布特点,以及2008~2009年近期和2005~2009年中期的变动趋势,并初步分析影响变动的原因,为森林防火决策提供依据.  相似文献   

9.
林火发生时间规律探讨和趋势预测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
收集延平区近13年来的林火发生的历史数据,分析了林火发生时间分布规律,并对该规律成因进行进一步探讨.同时依据灰色系统建模基本理论,在系统分析了延平区森林火灾发生规律的基础上建立了森林火灾高风险年GM(1,1)预测模型.模型达到较高的精度要求且可用于中长期的预测.预测结果显示下两个森林火灾高风险年将出现在2007年和2010年.  相似文献   

10.
闫厚 《森林防火》2004,(3):28-28
国家林业局防火办于2004年6月29日~7月3日在福建省福州市举办了“全国林火监测和信息系统应用技术培训班”。各省(区、市)防火办的管理人员或业务骨干参加了培训。国家林业局森林防火预警监测信息中心副主任陈介平、福建省林业厅厅长黄建兴出席了开班仪式,并作了重要讲话。培训班重点培训了“卫星林火监测图像处理软件”的基本操作,对即将颁布施行的《卫星林火监测成果发布、浏览和反馈的暂行规定》进行了讨论,还介绍了“国家林业局林火信息系统”的基本功能和使用方法。举办培训班进一步提高了省级森林防火部门卫星林火监测和信息网络技术…  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.  相似文献   

14.

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.  相似文献   

15.

Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated.  相似文献   

16.

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

18.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

20.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > TithoniaEuphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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