黑嘴鸥栖息繁殖情况的调查

黑嘴鸥栖息繁殖情况的调查阎理钦（山东省林业厅）吕卷章（东营市林业局）黑嘴鸥Ｌａｒｕｓｓａｕｎｏｄｅｒｓｉ（Ｓｗｉｎｈｏｅ）是世界上稀有的鸥类。据世界野生生物基金会估计，全世界其数量不超过２０００只，主要分布在亚洲东部沿海和内陆少数几个湖泊，只在中国繁...     

辽河口湿地保护区黑嘴鸥繁殖栖息地调查

采用样点布设法对2019年辽河口湿地保护区黑嘴鸥繁殖栖息地的植被分布情况、底质土壤理化性质、底栖动物分布情况进行调查检测,对比分析黑嘴鸥繁殖习性和生境条件之间的关系。调查结果表明,①黑嘴鸥繁殖栖息地的植被为单一的翅碱蓬群落植被,翅碱蓬高度为4.3~42.6 cm,覆盖率为20%~100%。底部沉积物为滨海盐渍土,表层沉积物仍为较稠密的粉质黏土,沉积物盐度大,质地坚硬。黑头鸥栖息地只有大型底栖动物6种,占绝对优势种是二叉摇蚊的三段幼虫。黑嘴鸥繁殖区集中在本研究区,分布有繁殖黑嘴鸥9746只,占繁殖种群的98.48%。该地区全球濒危物种黑嘴鸥的繁殖活动已受到不利影响,应在受保护物种受到严重影响之前予以保护。     

江苏盐城沿海地区繁殖季节几种水鸟的数量及分布研究Ⅰ

１９９８年６月,江苏盐城沿海地区黑嘴鸥（Ｌａｒｕｓ ｓａｕｎｄｅｒｓｉ）平均巢密度为１．０６只／ｈｍ＾２（ＸＤ＝０．８２,ｎ＝１０）,有卵巢密度为０．７１只／ｈｍ＾２（ＸＤ＝０．７１,ｎ＝１０）。巢区上空黑嘴鸥成鸟数量与样带内巢密度及有卵巢数之间有显著相关性（Ｒ＝０．９８９和０．９７８）,虽然黑嘴鸥营群巢繁殖,但在集中繁殖区内,黑嘴鸥巢向均匀分布方向偏离随机分布（Ｒ＝１．１０１）。根据黑嘴鸥集中繁     

青海湖国家级自然保护区水鸟群落多样性特征

2016年2—12月,采用样点调查法和直接计数法对不同季节青海湖国家级自然保护区5种生境(包括草本沼泽、湖岸湿地、河口湿地、淡水湖泊以及耕地)中的水鸟群落进行调查,共记录到水鸟53种,隶属6目13科。采用频率指数法确定的优势种有普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、斑头雁(Anser indicus)、渔鸥(Larus ichthyaetus)、凤头潜鸭(Aythya fuligula)、赤嘴潜鸭(Netta rufina)、赤膀鸭(Anas strepera)、红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina)以及绿翅鸭(Anas crecca),其数量之和占当年水鸟总数的74.16%。对5种生境和4个季节水鸟的物种多样性、优势度、均匀度进行分析,结果表明:水鸟群落在草本沼泽中多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,其次为湖岸湿地、河口湿地、淡水湖泊和耕地;水鸟群落在秋季迁徙期的多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,其次为春季迁徙期、夏季繁殖期和冬季越冬期。通过调查分析进一步加深了对青海湖国家级自然保护区鸟类组成及多样性的认识,可为保护区鸟类的管理及保护提供依据。     

辽宁秋季迁徙水鸟调查

2018年10-11月，采用直接计数法在辽宁省40处湿地开展了秋季迁徙季节水鸟调查。共发现水鸟55种，隶属于7目13科25属，种类以雁形目22种和鸻形目19种居多，鲣鸟目1种最少。统计水鸟种群数量总计264 980只，数量超过30 000只的水鸟有4科，分别是鸭科101 345只、鸻科41 353只、鹬科34 956只、鸥科77 035只；国家一级保护野生动物有中华秋沙鸭、白鹤、黑嘴鸥、东方白鹳、黑鹳、黑脸琵鹭6种；国家二级保护野生动物有鸿雁、大天鹅、小天鹅、花脸鸭、斑头秋沙鸭、灰鹤、白腰杓鹬、大杓鹬、白琵鹭9种，种群数量总计32 096只。按照种类超过10种或者种群数量超过10 000只，或者有国家重点保护野生动物分布的划分标准，秋季迁徙水鸟重要分布地点有15处。     

河北省首次发现黑嘴鸥繁殖种群

<正> 黑嘴鸥(Lafus Saundersi)属鸥形目,鸥科鸟类,是地球上最稀有的动物之一,全世界仅存2000余只,也是人类了解最少的鸥类之一。1984年,江苏盐城自然保护区的施泽荣同志首次在保护区的沿海滩涂上找到黑嘴鸥的巢。1989年,辽宁鸟类研究中心的同志在盘锦进行湿地鸟类区系调查时,于双台子河口国家级自然保护区内,发现2个黑嘴鸥的巢,4枚卵。这一发现引起了世界野生生物基金会(WWF)的高度重视。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区

内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区位于我区伊克昭盟东胜市和伊金霍洛旗交界处，保护区总面积为７６８０公顷。该自然保护区是以保护占世界遗鸥繁殖群体６０％的种群个体，以及栖息繁殖地和天然湖泊湿地为主要保护对象的自然保护区。该保护区每年５月份定期分布有遗鸥繁殖 群１５００只左右，筑巢数量为２０００个以上，也是大天鹅、棕头鸥等水鸟的重要迁徙、栖息地，有进还有迁徙的大天鹅等其它鸟类数量为１５０００只，总数超过３０００只。内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区@群力     

1998～2008年黄河三角洲黑嘴鸥繁殖种群数量及其繁殖生境动态变化

在黄河三角洲地区,广利河口、黄河三角洲自然保护区及潮河河口是黑嘴鸥三处集中繁殖地。从1998年开始,作者对三处繁殖地进行连续跟踪调查,掌握了黑嘴鸥繁殖种群数量及其繁殖生境动态变化。研究结果发现,广利河口黑嘴鸥繁殖种群数量锐减,由1998年的460只至2007年已无繁殖种群,其原因是滩涂围垦、养殖池灌水利用,繁殖地已丧失。潮河河口是2002年发现的黑嘴鸥繁殖地,2002～2005年间有繁殖种群300只以上,2006年后数量锐减并在2008年无繁殖种群,繁殖地丧失的原因是滩涂围垦。黄河三角洲自然保护区在1998～2006年间有繁殖种群200～330只,2007年后数量镜增,其主要原因是自然保护区实施湿地工程形成黑嘴鸥新的繁殖地,但新繁殖地水位没有有效控制造成黑嘴鸥繁殖数量波动。对黑嘴鸥繁殖生境研究发现,自然生境由于围垦,黑嘴鸥繁殖地大部分丧失,人工生境虽然被黑嘴鸥繁殖利用但水位控制是影响其繁殖成功率的主要因素。在2002～2008年间,黑嘴鸥繁殖种群最高数量为839只,最低数量为413只。在环志跟踪中发现,黄河三角洲繁殖黑嘴鸥在日本九洲越冬。     

盐池湾庙温地雁鸣鹤舞生机盎然

五月的盐池湾高、原湿地冰雪消融，河水盥盘，湖泊荡漾，水鸟熙熙。五月下旬，由盐池湾自然保护区管理局和兰州大学生命科学学院合作实施的保护区野生动物资源调查项目，对盐池湾保护区湿地夏候鸟繁殖状况玎展了实地调查。     

福清兴化湾水鸟分布调查研究

基于2018年11月～2019年8月每月一次对福清兴化湾区域综合本底连续调查的结果,分析水鸟种类、数量和空间分布,为福清兴化湾区域保护与利用提供重要依据。调查期间,福清兴化湾区域共记录到水鸟58种、水鸟最大数量累计14 306只。福清兴化湾的水鸟主要分布于水产养殖场、潮间盐水沼泽、淤泥质海滩和红树林等湿地分布区。淤泥质海滩和水产养殖场是水鸟数量和种类分布最多的生境类型,潮间盐水沼泽分布数量与种类较少,红树林湿地最少。福清兴化湾港口码头、工业区和福州新区,人为活动频繁,建议在建设过程中加大水鸟监测、觅食地保护和营造,并适时申请建设水鸟自然保护区。     

江苏盐城沿海地区繁殖季节几种水鸟的数量及分布研究(Ⅱ)

114 nests, in which 100 nests filled with eggs, of common tern(Sterna hirund), little tern (S.albifrons), kentish plover(Charad rius alexamdrinus) and redshank (Tringa totanus) were found in the breeding co lony of saunder's gull(Larus Saundersi) when the special survey of saunder's gull was proceeding in June of 1998 around the coast of Yancheng, Jiangsu Pr o vince. It was estimated that there were about 1,633 pairs of common tern, 414 of little tern, 146 of kentish plover and 139 of redshank in the breeding colony o f saunder's gull based on the egg－filled nest density of them and the colonial area of saunder's gull.     

历山自然保护区30种鸟类繁殖特性及成效的研究

１９９３年—１９９７年的４月—９月，对山西省沁水县中村地区，３０种鸟类的自然繁殖特性及成效进行了观测研究。５年共观测到营巢成功巢１５０窝，产卵成功巢１０７窝，离巢成功巢８６窝，巢外育幼成功巢５６窝，成功率分别为８３．８０％，７１．３３％，８０．３０％和６５．１１％。影响鸟类繁殖成效的主要因素是人为活动的干扰。     

Clonal stability in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus radiata</Emphasis> across New Zealand and Australia. I. Growth and form traits

To investigate genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata), clonal stability was evaluated for growth and form traits from three trials in New Zealand and three trials in Australia. There were 215–245 clones in common between pairs of New Zealand trials, 17–26 clones in common among Australian trials, while 32–52 clones were in common between New Zealand and Australian sites. Clonal repeatability ( [^(H)]² ) \left( {\hat{H}^{2} } \right) and type-B genetic correlations were estimated. The general trend across the six trials for clonal repeatability was that [^(H)]² \hat{H}^{2} was greatest for height (HGT) followed by diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness (STR), and branch quality score (BRQ). Within New Zealand trials, there was little evidence of G×E for growth traits, but more for form traits. For DBH the average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.82; and for HGT, the average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.76. Within Australia, there was only one statistically significant type-B genetic correlation for DBH and this estimate was high indicating that clonal ranks were similar on these two trials. Additionally, within Australia and between regions type-B genetic correlations were generally high for form traits, at least for STR. One Australian trial (Trial 5) showed relatively high clonal stability with the three trials in New Zealand indicating that the ranks of these clones were relatively stable in both regions. From a clonal testing standpoint, these results suggest that stable clones can be identified that perform well in both New Zealand and Australia. Improvements in both growth and form traits can be expected when radiata pine clones are transferred between Australia and New Zealand within regions similar to those sampled in this trial series.     

日本的抗松材线虫育种研究

经历20世纪六七十年代松树大面积枯死威胁之后,日本在不断探索对该病的防治方法的同时,寄希望于培育抗松材线虫的松树苗木。始于1973年的抗松材线虫育种,从松树造林材料的遗传改良、国内外松树对松材线虫的抗性、抗性检测方法以及抗性育种的可行性等方面进行了大量的研究。文中从抗松材线虫育种的历史背景、抗性判定方法、树种变异、选择育种、杂交育种等方面叙述了日本抗松材线虫育种的情况。     

商河县林下经济种养模式及效益分析

通过对商河县林下经济发展的调查研究,明晰了商河县林下经济的主要种养模式,其中包括林禽模式、林兔模式、林狐模式、林药模式和林菌模式等,重点介绍了林兔模式的关键技术措施;综合分析了林下种养模式的经济、社会和生态效益。     

草坪草体胚发生及应用于现代育种

综述了草坪草体细胞胚诱导对高频组培再生体系和高效遗传转化体系建立的重要性,及影响体胚发生的因素,体胚的发生在遗传育种中的应用。     

Nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging

Large wildfire events in coniferous forests of the western United States are often followed by postfire timber harvest. The long-term impacts of postfire timber harvest on fire-associated cavity-nesting bird species are not well documented. We studied nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds over a 10-year period (1994–2003), representing 1–11 years after fire, on two burns created by mixed severity wildfires in western Idaho, USA. One burn was partially salvaged logged (the Foothills burn), the other was primarily unlogged (the Star Gulch burn). We monitored 1367 nests of six species (Lewis’s Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis, Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus, Black-backed Woodpecker P. arcticus, Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus, Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana, and Mountain Bluebird S. currucoides). Habitat data at nest and non-nest random locations were characterized at fine (field collected) and coarse (remotely sensed) spatial scales. Nest-site selection for most species was consistently associated with higher snag densities and larger snag diameters, whereas wildfire location (Foothills versus Star Gulch) was secondarily important. All woodpecker species used nest sites with larger diameter snags that were surrounded by higher densities of snags than at non-nest locations. Nests of Hairy Woodpecker and Mountain Bluebird were primarily associated with the unlogged wildfire, whereas nests of Lewis’s Woodpecker and Western Bluebird were associated with the partially logged burn in the early years after fire. Nests of wood-probing species (Hairy and Black-backed Woodpeckers) were also located in larger forest patch areas than patches measured at non-nest locations. Our results confirm previous findings that maintaining clumps of large snags in postfire landscapes is necessary for maintaining breeding habitat of cavity-nesting birds. Additionally, appropriately managed salvage logging can create habitat for some species of cavity-nesting birds that prefer more open environments. Our findings can be used by land mangers to develop design criteria for postfire salvage logging that will reserve breeding habitat for cavity-nesting birds.     

湿地松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异及其综合选择

湿地松(ＰｉｎｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉＥｎｇｅｌｍ)是优良的纸浆材与建筑材树种,对湿地松的遗传改良,过去侧重于生长性状方面,材性改良仅做了些基础性的工作(管　宁等,1993)。本研究旨在探索湿地松半同胞家系生长、形质和木材性状的遗传变异规律,并利用选择指数,按不同材种(纸浆材、建筑材)培育目标,选择一批生长、形质和材性均优良的湿地松半同胞家系供生产上推广应用。1　材料与方法湿地松半同胞家系测定林设置在湖南省汨罗市桃林林场,属湿地松最适宜引种区。试验于1981年造林,完全随机区组设计,5次重复,6株单行小区,株行距3ｍ×3ｍ。共…