木塑复合材料在家具制造领域的发展机遇

木塑复合材料因其综合性能优越,尤其是因具有防蛀、耐腐、防水、抗潮等性能而被广泛关注,其作为新型环保材料在家具制造领域亦应具有很大发展空间。通过对近年来木塑复合材料与家具制造相关性能的研究进展、木塑家具制造技术发展现状、木塑家具设计理念发展状况三方面进行的梳理,可以看出家具用木塑复合材料有关材性研究在近10年中获得了迅速发展,木塑家具制造技术出现了较大进步,设计师对木塑复合材料的认识日益加深且木塑家具设计理念不断完善。从总体上看,木塑复合材料在家具制造领域的应用虽然刚刚起步,但已呈快速发展态势。木塑复合材料日益契合物联网时代家具制造业的发展需要,在家具制造领域具有巨大的潜在市场和广阔的应用前景。     

国外木塑复合材料的发展及其应用

分析了木塑复合材料的特性,介绍了木塑复合材料的发展现状、应用领域及国外生产木塑复合材料设备的主要厂家.     

木塑复合材料的发展与应用前景展望

本文着重阐述了木塑复合材料的发展历史和其作为复合材料所具有的优良特性,并且结合木塑复合材料的基本性能,提出了木塑复合材料的开发具有广阔的应用前景。     

木塑复合材料阻燃技术研究现状和趋势

综述了近年来木塑复合材料的常用阻燃剂类型（主要指无卤阻燃剂）、阻燃处理工艺及其阻燃性能的研究现状,对木塑复合材料的燃烧性能进行了分析,并结合木塑复合材料在阻燃方面存在的问题对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

木塑复合材料的研究现状与应用前景

木塑复合材料是一种新型环境友好材料，是现代材料工业发展的主要方向之一。掌握国内外的发展势态．深入研究其结构和界面特性，对改善木塑复合材料的物理力学性能，推进产品的发展历程是十分必要的，文章就木塑复合材料的研究现状及应用前景进行了阐述。     

木塑复合材料的应用及其发展前景

介绍了木塑复合材料的成分、加工工艺，该材料的适用范围及其力学性能，以及国内外木塑复合材料制品的发展现状和市场前景，为加快我国木塑复合材料产业的发展，提出了三点意见。     

纤维增强木塑复合材料研究进展

木塑复合材料属于生物质复合材料的范畴,是一种无毒、可循环利用的环境友好型材料,从20世纪末开始到现在经历了20多年的高速产业化发展。但木塑复合材料力学性能偏低,特别是韧性差,导致应用领域偏窄,是目前制约木塑复合材料发展的主要因素之一。众多研究表明,将纤维添加到木塑复合材料中形成多元结构复合材料,可提高木塑复合材料的力学性能。本文概述了纤维增强木塑复合材料的研究现状,按天然纤维素纤维、合成纤维、非金属纤维、金属纤维4大类归纳了常用作增强复合材料的纤维,综述了采用玻璃纤维、矿物质纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和天然纤维素纤维等增强木塑复合材料的制备方法和增强效果。结果表明,不同种类的纤维对木塑复合材料均有不同程度的增强或增韧作用。短切纤维在添加量上存在"临界值",在"临界值"之前,添加量与增强效果呈正相关,在"临界值"之后呈负相关。连续玻璃纤维的增强效果尤为明显,其中冲击强度可增加20倍。天然纤维素纤维在木塑复合材料中的应用虽然较少,但目前在欧洲已被用于高附加值的汽车零部件领域。本文还介绍了银纹剪切带机制、刚性粒子增强理论、多缝开裂理论和复合力学理论等用于解释纤维增强复合材料的作用机制,这些理论均被用于解释纤维对于木塑复合材料基体的作用效果,其中后2种理论最常用于解释纤维对于复合材料强度提高的作用机制。本文同时指出,目前尚没有哪一种理论能全面揭示由于纤维加入后结构趋于复杂的木塑复合材料的力学行为。总结了纤维的添加对材料力学性能、吸湿性和热性能的影响,发现纤维的添加不仅可以提高木塑复合材料的力学强度,对于降低吸湿性和提高热稳定性也有积极效果,一些纤维的添加还可以提高基体的结晶度。本文最后提出纤维增强木塑复合材料产业化发展前景和需要解决的问题,包括进一步提高生产效率,研制纤维增强木塑复合材料专用装备,开发连续纤维增强木塑复合材料技术和开拓高性能、高附加值木塑复合材料市场。     

木塑复合材料的关键原材料概况

介绍了木塑复合材料关键原料植物纤维、塑料和相容剂的概况及特性,在此基础上阐述了国内外近年来各类木塑复合材料的发展现状。     

木塑复合材料加工因素优势分析

在不同工艺条件下进行木塑复合材料加工试验,得到其不同试验条件下的力学性能;采用灰色关联分析的方法,分析了不同工艺条件对木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,运用灰色关联分析方法分析不同木塑复合材料生产工艺对材料力学性能的影响具有可行性,同时提出一种新的木塑复合材料生产工艺分析方法。     

偶联剂对木塑复合材料界面相容性的影响

采用单因子试验法重点研究了钛酸酯和铝酸酯作为木塑复合材料的偶联剂对木塑复合材料界面相容性的影响, 通过ESEM和FTIR等现代分析手段,揭示了两种偶联剂的作用机制和影响规律。研究表明:加入钛酸酯或铝酸酯可改善木塑复合材料的力学性能,且随着钛酸酯或铝酸酯用量增大,木塑复合材料力学性能呈先增大后减小的趋势。加入钛酸酯使木塑复合材料主要力学性能明显增强,加入铝酸酯则略有改善。     

纳米增强木塑复合材料研究现状

木塑复合材料(WPC)是利用植物纤维和塑料加工制备而成的一种环境友好型的新型绿色材料,具有力学性能好、吸水性低及可循环利用等优点,被广泛应用于家具、户外设施、建筑装饰和园林景观等领域.文中从纳米材料对WPC的物理力学、阻燃和耐老化等方面性能的影响出发,总结了近年来利用刚性粒子、碳纳米管、纳米蒙脱土等纳米无机化合物,以及...     

木塑复合材料耐候性能研究进展

木塑复合材料(WPC)的耐候性能决定了材料的户外使用寿命。文中介绍了国内外在WPC耐热氧老化、耐光氧老化、耐真菌腐朽及耐潮湿与冻融性能方面的研究进展。现有研究表明, 热氧老化与光氧老化均使得WPC发生褪色现象, 力学性能下降, 添加抗氧化剂与光稳定剂可分别改善二者对WPC的破坏作用。WPC中木粉含量较高时更易发生真菌腐朽现象, 添加化学防腐剂或其他助剂、木粉改性及涂饰可有效抑制真菌腐朽。WPC的吸水性是其热氧老化、光氧老化、真菌腐朽及冻融循环过程的催化剂。文中还总结了目前WPC耐候性能研究存在的主要问题, 并对其未来趋势进行了展望。     

Water vapour diffusion and adsorption characteristics of sugar maple (Acer saccharum,Marsh.) wood polymer composites

Summary Water vapour diffusion characteristics and adsorption isotherms were determined for cell-lumen and cell-wall treated wood polymer composites (WPC). The diffusion coefficients of the cell-lumen WPC were lower than untreated wood and the cell-wall WPC coefficients were lower than cell-lumen. Using the Hailwood and Horrobin sorption model, it was found that the unimolecular layer is formed at lower moisture contents in WPC than in wood. The amount of free dissolved water was reduced only in the cell-wall WPC. The polymer reduces the water vapour accessibility in both types of WPC.     

Surface deterioration of wood-flour polypropylene composites by weathering trials

The market for wood-fiber plastic composites (WPCs) is expanding rapidly in many countries including Japan, where WPCs are mainly used for exterior products. In such applications, WPCs undergo undesirable color change, chalking, and shrinkage and swelling, and accordingly there is a need to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the weathering of WPC and develop methods of improving their weathering resistance. In this study, weatherability of WPC was assessed by natural and accelerated weathering trials. Discoloration (whitening) of WPC during exposure was caused by degradation of both wood and plastic. Darker color pigments as additives improved the color stability of WPC; however, chalking on the surfaces still occurred. The color stability of WPC was improved by application of exterior coatings. Preweathering of WPC (before coatings were applied) increased the absorption of coatings by the WPC and had a positive effect on the color stability and prevented chalking of the composites. Parts of this study were presented at the IUFRO XXII World Congress Meeting, Brisbane, August 2005 and the IAWPS 2005, Yokohama, November 2005     

木塑复合缓冲包装材料发泡及其界面的研究动态

在详细论述国内外木塑复合缓冲包装材料研究进展的基础上,分析木塑复合缓冲包装材料的发泡机理、工艺条件和改善木纤维／塑料的界面相容改性的方法。指出气泡成核阶段的泡体质量控制、发泡剂复配比例、工艺条件选择、界面相容改性等是木塑复合缓冲包装材料研究中的关键问题。     

Treatments of southern pine with vinyl chloride and methyl methacrylate for radiation-produced wood-plastic combinations

Summary A method was developed for the impregnation of liquid vinyl chloride monomer into wood. Wood-plastic combinations (WPC) prepared from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyvinyl chloride plasticized with diocylthalate (DOP+PVC) were found to offer improvements in selected physical properties of wood. The initial anti-swell efficiency (ASE) values of PMMA WPC and DOP+PVC WPC are very high, averaging approximately 87 and 82 percent respectively after 5 hours of soaking; whereas PVC WPC attained an average of only 53 percent. After prolonged soaking, the ASE values of all treated wood decreased considerably, indicating no permanent stability was achieved. In hardness, the PMMA WPC attained an average springwood-summerwood rating of 76, the DOP+PVC WPC and the PVC WPC a rating of 69 and 63, respectively; whereas the untreated wood achieved a rating of only 53.The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr.Oskar Klopfer of Ethyl Corp, Baton Rouge, La. for technical assistance.     

Preliminary study of the effects of EVA coupling agents on properties of wood-plastic composites

As a hot-melt adhesive, ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) has been used in many industrial applications. But studies of the application of EVA in wood-plastic composites (WPC) are relatively few, so we have investigated the proposition of whether EVA is a suitable coupling agent for WPC or not. The results show that EVA with 8% VA is not a suitable coupling agent, because it reduces the mechanical properties of WPC without any significant effect on its physical properties. With an increase in the amount of wood powder, the mechanical properties of WPC decrease and the ability of water absorption of WPC increases.     

木塑复合板主要工艺对材料性能的影响

研究了木粉与聚丙烯为主要原料的复合材料的主要力学性能和尺寸稳定性.实验结果表明:热压时间对复合材料的力学性能有一定的影响,加压时间为9min,复合板的力学强度较优,吸水厚度膨胀率小;木塑配比对复合材料的力学性能有较大的影响,随着配比的增加,板性能呈现逐渐下降的趋势;配比对吸水厚度膨胀率影响明显,木粉的比例越高,吸水厚度膨胀率越高.     

Chemical modification of simul wood with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer and organically modified nanoclay

Simul wood (Salmalia malabarica) was chemically modified by treatment with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and organically modified nanoclay. The physical properties of wood polymer composites (WPC) were improved due to the addition of GMA and nanoclay. XRD analysis indicated a decrease in crystallinity in WPC. FTIR study confirmed the presence of clay in WPC. The presence of clay in cell lumen and cell wall was evidenced by SEM study. WPC containing lower percentage of clay showed better thermal stability compared to WPC loaded with higher percentage of clay.     

Static bending and toughness of wood polymer composites (yellow birch and basswood)

Wood polymer composites (WPC) were made from basswood and yellow birch using six cell lumen type polymer formulations. The study was designed to get insight into the influence of wood density and polymer formulation on certain WPC mechanical properties. Small specimens were tested for toughness, stiffness, hardness and bending strength using standard ASTM methods. Results showed that stronger and stiffer polymers produce tougher and stronger WPC, but the effect is small. Thus, there is a wide range of polymer properties which produce useful WPC properties. Study of the fracture surfaces using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that WPC made with different polymers fractured differently and polymer containing a coupling agent bonded to the cell wall. However the cell wall bonding had no noticeable influence on WPC mechanical properties.