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1.
以大同县峰峪乡盘道村的沙枣为采条母树,在桑干河杨树丰产林实验局林业科技服务中心的温室内,以草炭土+珍珠岩+蛭石为基质,用IBA和ABT1处理插穗后进行扦插试验,生长70 d后,对比不同处理插穗的生长及生根情况。结果表明,沙枣不定根形成类型为混合生根型,IBA处理愈伤组织生根数量显著增加,ABT1处理皮部生根数量明显增加,且不同类型根系长度均表现为IBA处理的长;IBA和ABT1处理对成活后沙枣苗的生长无显著影响;2年生、3年生沙枣插穗扦插后根系效果指数明显高于1年生插穗,在沙枣扦插繁育时应选择2年生、3年生的枝条作插穗。 相似文献
2.
在重庆市城口县咸宜乡苗圃和中国林科院温室开展崖柏扦插繁殖试验,研究采穗母树年龄、不同激素种类及其组合、激素浓度、扦插基质、物理促根等不同处理方式下崖柏扦插生根效应.结果表明:(1)在咸宜乡苗圃,采用自动喷雾设施,以蛭石-泥炭土-珍珠岩(1∶1∶1)为扦插基质,用3种激素和清水处理崖柏幼树1年生枝条,扦插后160d的生根率为74.76%~96.70%,不同处理组合生根效应具有显著差异,2000 mg· L-1 IBA>清水对照(CK)>1 000mg·L-1 IBA>1 000 mg·L-1IBA+ 500 mg· L-1NAA;(2)在林科院温室用2种激素和清水处理崖柏幼树1年生枝条,扦插于蛭石-泥炭土-珍珠岩(1∶1∶1)的基质,搭塑料拱棚,扦插后120 d的生根率远低于咸宜乡苗圃,为25.93%~45.37%,激素处理后的枝条与对照差异显著,1 000 mg·L-1 IBA+ 50 mg·L-1 NAA=2 000 mg·L-1 IBA>清水对照(CK);(3)在咸宜乡苗圃用不同激素和物理促生根方法组成的27种组合处理的成年崖柏枝条,最高生根率仅为20.83%.生根率超过10%的处理组合是:清水处理,泥炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(1∶1∶1);1 000 mg·L-1IBA+500 mg·L-NAA,泥炭土∶珍珠岩(2∶1);1 000 mg·L-1IBA,泥炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(1∶1∶1),流水冲洗. 相似文献
3.
3种外源激素对金露梅嫩枝扦插的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了不同生长激素种类、浓度处理对金露梅嫩枝扦插插穗生根的影响。结果表明,500 mg/kg的ABT处理的插穗生根率最高,500 mg/kg的NAA和1 000 mg/kg的IBA处理的发生不定根数量最多,1 000 mg/kg的NAA处理的不定根最长。综合分析发现,3种外源激素处理对金露梅插穗生根都有明显的影响,500~1 000mg/kg浓度范围对插穗生根起到良好的促进作用,而250 mg/kg和2 000 mg/kg效果较差。 相似文献
4.
《林业实用技术》2016,(9)
以黑莓(Rubus fruticosus L.)嫩枝为试材,分别采用浓度为0(CK)、500、1 000mg/L的NAA、IBA、NAA+IBA处理插穗基部,并采用容器扦插的方式进行扦插生根研究。结果表明:NAA单独或NAA+IBA复合处理的生根效果较IBA单独处理的生根效果明显,其中500mg/L NAA处理的插穗生根率达70.00%,平均生根条数达14.28,最长根长达17.40cm,根系效果指数达8.09;1 000mg/L NAA+1 000mg/L IBA复合药剂处理的插穗生根率达78.89%,平均生根条数达8.96,最长根长达19.43cm,根系效果指数达6.49,且根系生长健壮、侧根发达。因此,黑莓嫩枝扦插以1 000mg/L NAA+1 000mg/L IBA复合药剂速蘸插穗20s处理效果最佳。 相似文献
5.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
以南京椴嫩枝为研究材料,通过设置不同IBA粉剂处理浓度、穗条制备保留叶片数量、制备穗条的枝条粗度等,研究穗条制备及处理对南京椴嫩枝扦插生根的影响。研究结果表明:使用IBA粉剂处理有助于插穗生根,处理浓度以1 000~1 500 mg·L~(-1)为宜,可兼顾扦插生根率与生根质量;嫩枝插穗适度保留叶片有助于生根,保留一片完整叶片效果最佳,生根率可达80%,且所生根系质量较优,除腐烂插穗外其余插穗全部生根;插穗粗度对插穗生根效果存在影响,幼嫩细枝扦插生根率较低且所生根系质量不高,插穗粗度应不低于0.55 cm;南京椴扦插生根不属于愈伤组织生根型,其多由插穗下切口处及切口上部皮部生根;水分控制对于南京椴嫩枝扦插至关重要,选用透水效果较好的珍珠岩、及时拣除掉落叶片、增加自动喷雾频次、降低喷雾时间等措施将有利于插穗生根。南京椴嫩枝扦插以选用粗度0.55 cm以上半木质化枝条制备插穗为宜,插穗长10~15cm,上切口平截,下切口单面斜切,保留一片叶片,扦插前插穗基部蘸取1 000~1 500 mg·L~(-1) IBA粉剂进行促根。 相似文献
6.
母树年龄、生长调节剂、容器与基质对崖柏嫩枝扦插的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
【目的】研究崖柏母树年龄、生长调节剂、扦插容器、扦插基质等对插穗生根率、不定根数量、根长及根系干质量的影响,探讨影响嫩枝扦插的内在因子和外在环境条件,为崖柏嫩枝扦插繁殖及引种驯化提供参考。【方法】按照正交表L9(34)进行正交试验设计。崖柏嫩枝扦插后70天,调查不同处理及水平下的插穗生根率;扦插后260天,增加对不定根数量、根长及根系干质量的调查,并对其进行统计分析。【结果】母树年龄对插穗生根率和根系发育影响较大。母树年龄越小,插穗的生根率越高。一级不定根数量、一级不定根最长根长和根系干质量的变化与生根率随母树年龄变化的规律基本一致;生长调节剂(IBA)对插穗生根率与根系发育也有较大影响。插后70天的插穗生根率及插后260天的一级不定根数量、一级不定根最长根长和根系干质量均是以IBA(2 000 mg·L-1)速蘸2 min处理的最优;扦插容器类型对插穗生根率的影响不显著,但对一级不定根最长根长影响极显著。优劣次序为:黑色软塑料营养杯无纺布育苗袋白色硬塑料营养杯;基质类型对插穗生根率的影响随着扦插后时间的延长逐渐增大,对扦插后70天的插穗生根率影响不显著,对扦插后260天的插穗生根率影响极显著。用草炭土、珍珠岩、蛭石配制的混合基质优于纯草炭土;不同基质对一级不定根最长根长和根系干质量影响显著。【结论】崖柏嫩枝插穗生根率及生根后根系各种指标,不仅受到母树年龄、生长调节剂、扦插容器、扦插基质等因子的单独影响,而且还受各因子的综合作用。随着生根发育阶段的变化,对插穗生根率和根系发育起重要作用的因子也在不断发生变化。对崖柏嫩枝插穗生根率的最佳处理组合为:从3年生母树上采集插穗、用GGR6速蘸处理、无纺布育苗袋、草炭土:珍珠岩:蛭石(1∶2∶1)。对根系发育的最佳处理组合为:从3年生母树上采集插穗、用IBA速蘸处理、黑色软塑料营养杯、草炭土:珍珠岩:蛭石(1∶1∶1),生根率达95%,从根系发育和生根率两方面考虑,该处理组合在崖柏嫩枝扦插实践中具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
7.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(2)
以南京椴嫩枝插穗为研究对象,采用1 000 mg·kg-1 IBA粉剂处理插穗基部,对扦插生根过程中插穗皮部生长素IAA、玉米素核苷ZR、赤霉素GA3、脱落酸ABA含量以及IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值进行动态测定,探究嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素变化特点及其对生根的影响。结果表明:1)IBA处理可以显著促进南京椴嫩枝插穗生根,生根率接近67%;其生根过程可划分为愈伤组织形成期、根原基诱导期、不定根形成期和不定根生长期,各自对应时间约为10 d。2)IBA处理可以提高嫩枝插穗中IAA含量,IAA对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有较为直接的影响作用,其含量升高有利于生根;GA3含量增加有利于根原基形成,而低水平GA3则更有利于不定根的生长;ABA和ZR含量升高不利于插穗生根,对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有抑制作用;IAA、ABA在插穗根原基诱导和不定根形成过程中具有相互协调作用,IAA/ABA可作为衡量南京椴嫩枝扦插生根能力的指标。3)外源IBA处理可以促进插穗内IAA含量升高,调节ABA、ZR、GA3含量降低,促使IAA/ABA在诱导生根期快速增大,通过相关激素的调控,使插穗向有利于促进生根的生理状态转变。 相似文献
8.
为研究金花茶(Camellia chrysantha)在扦插过程中插穗的生根类型、诱导方式、部位以及不定根的发生和发育过程,以当年生金花茶充分木质化枝条为试材,开展不同生长调节剂和插穗类型的扦插生根类型比较,并通过石蜡切片法,对插穗生根部位进行解剖学观察。结果表明,清水处理的插穗(CK)只有愈伤生根出现,生长调节剂处理的插穗均有愈伤生根和皮部生根出现,其中生长调节剂Q2 (IBA 500 mg/L+NAA 200 mg/L)处理的插穗生根率最高(96.89%);单叶单芽插穗生根效果显著好于两叶两芽插穗。扦插前的金花茶插穗内无潜伏根原基存在,不定根由扦插后形成的诱生根原基发育而成,其中皮部产生的不定根起源于木质部和韧皮部之间维管形成层的薄壁细胞,愈伤产生的不定根是由愈伤组织自己形成的木质部外侧一些近圆形的薄壁细胞团特化而成。金花茶属诱导生根型树种。 相似文献
9.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
以8年生国槐的当年生枝条为材料,研究了基质、生长素种类和质量浓度对硬枝扦插生根的影响,分析了在生根过程中吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性变化。结果表明:(1)河沙中插穗的生根率和生根指数分别为74.33%和23.09,综合生根效果显著优于珍珠岩+蛭石(1∶1)与草炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(1∶1∶1)2种混合基质。(2)外源生长素处理可显著提高插穗生根率,且NAA处理效果优于IBA和ABT1处理;其中NAA 500 mg/L处理的插穗生根率最高,达到78.67%,比对照提高了53.34%。(3)国槐在硬枝扦插生根过程中,可分为诱导期、表达期和伸长期3个阶段。IAAO活性在诱导期迅速上升,表达期下降,伸长期急剧下降;POD活性在诱导期迅速上升,表达期下降,在第20天有一处高峰;PPO活性在诱导期呈上升趋势,表达期和伸长期下降。 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):139-149
Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):150-157
An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation. 相似文献
14.
This review critically examines the role of boron (B) in forests in view of recent findings on B nutrition and the continuing occurrence of B deficiency. Many perceptions about the role of B in plants and its uptake and mobility have been altered since the last review on B in forest trees in 1990. Now there is evidence for a fundamental role of B in the formation of the pectic structure in primary cell walls in plants, and further roles in membrane function are being explored. In plants, channel-mediated B uptake, active B uptake and B uptake by mycorrhizas have been shown, B transporters have been identified, and B retranslocation has been shown. We explore these findings and their consequences on forest trees and on ecosystems that they dominate. Particular emphasis is placed on B retranslocation and B in mycorrhizal symbiosis, given their importance in trees. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):417-426
Three stands in Sweden were followed for 7 yrs to study the survival and growth of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] regeneration after shelterwood removal with single- and double-grip harvester systems. The height of all seedlings within circular plots was recorded before and after final cutting. The tallest seedling and one randomly selected seedling on each circular plot were permanently marked and their annual height growth was measured each year during the period 1993-1999. No significant differences between single- and double-grip harvester systems were found with respect to their effects on regeneration density, survival or annual height growth. The annual height growth of the individual seedlings after shelterwood removal was significantly correlated with seedling height before shelterwood removal. Significant differences were found in annual height growth between seedlings with high and low vitality. Logging damage did not affect the annual height growth. Several practical conclusions were drawn. First, the choice of harvester system does not affect seedling height growth or survival after shelterwood removal. Secondly, the removal of a 200 m3 shelterwood with 200 stems ha-1 does not seem to constitute a serious problem for seedling survival and growth. Finally, estimated vitality and seedling height both seem to be fairly good predictors of postrelease survival and growth. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):256-262
Reducing competition by point cleaning may be an attractive alternative to conventional precommercial thinning in forestry. In this study, survival and development of main stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) following point cleaning were examined in a mixed stand of mainly Scots pine and birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in northern Sweden. Treatments studied were: no precommercial thinning, conventional precommercial thinning, point cleaning of all secondary stems, and point cleaning of only the secondary stems that were higher than the main stem, within a radius of 0.8 m from the main stem, respectively. A randomised complete block design with three replicates was used. Measurements taken 13 growing seasons after these treatments showed that conventional precommercial thinning was the best treatment for retaining Scots pines as main stems. However, conventional precommercial thinning resulted in the poorest timber quality of the remaining Scots pines in terms of stem taper, thickest branch diameter and relative live crown height. In conclusion, point cleaning has to be followed by a complementary cleaning operation if the objective is to retain Scots pines as main stems in such mixed stands. 相似文献
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18.
Tree planting for dryland salinity control in Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N. J. Schofield 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,20(1-2):1-23
Dryland salinity is emerging as a major form of land and water degradation in southern Australia, particularly in Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria, and to a lesser extent in New South Wales, Tasmania and Queensland.Tree planting, in combination with other vegetation treatments, is regarded as a leading solution to dryland salinity. Research has now shown that planting trees can significantly lower groundwater tables, and thereby reverse the causal process of salinisation. Substantial progress has been made towards answering the basic questions of which species to grow, how to plant, where to plant, at what density and configuration to plant, and how much area to plant. The economic potential for commercial tree planting has given impetus to partial reforestation in higher rainfall (> 600 mm yr–1) areas. Even so, serious constraints are apparent, relating primarily to cost, uncertainty and attitude. The future should bring increasing community input and control, technical refinement and gradual adoption, provided all aspects of the issue are well researched, relevant information is well communicated and programmes are well administered. Some specific requirements for future research are identified in this review. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):263-273
The opinions of 207 respondents on the visual effects of seven different cutting types were asked using a nine-point verbal scale ranging from ''worsens very much'' to ''improves very much''. Other estimates were obtained by letting the same respondents evaluate photographs of stands which had been treated with different cuttings. The direct questions gave results quite similar to the evaluations of photographs for all but young respondents, indicating that most respondents were able to imagine the effect of the treatment correctly. The results based on the evaluation of photographs indicated that the effect of regenerative cuttings is negative while the impact of thinnings is positive. After a few years of cutting the stand is already regarded as clearly more pleasant than immediately after the cutting. Natural regeneration with seed trees seems to be a way to avoid the very negative immediate impact of clear-felling, especially in the case of Scots pine. Women, young, urban people and those who do not own forest or have work related to forests tended to experience thinnings less positively and saw regenerative cuttings as more harmful than the other test groups did. 相似文献
20.
The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of different soil scarification methods on tree growth. Soil scarification influenced stem volume and stem biomass yield of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in a 17-year-old field trial in boreal Sweden. Soil scarification (disc trenching, mounding and ploughing) resulted in an average stem volume yield of 3.1 and 34.2 m3 ha–1 on the poor and intermediate sites, respectively, while corresponding values for no soil scarification were 0.9 and 16.7 m3 ha–1. In comparison to no scarification, ploughing increased volume yields by 500% on the poor site and by 200% on the intermediate sites. The ranking according to stem volume yield was ploughing > disc trenching = mounding no soil scarification. Averaged over the two sites, the mean annual increment of stem biomass was 219% and 145% higher (in d.w., 0.26 kg and 0.34 kg per sample tree) after ploughing compared with no soil scarification, for the average and dominant sample trees, respectively. Although not significant, the increased growth rate after soil scarification decreased the average stem basic wood density of the sample trees with 1.6% and 5.3%, at the poor and intermediate sites, respectively. In conclusion, soil scarification significantly increased the 17-year stem volume yield compared with no scarification. The results also indicate that the difference in stem biomass yield between ploughing and the other methods, especially no soil scarification, will increase even more in the near future. 相似文献