浅析中纤板生产线的节能工作

节约能源、有效地利用能源，是国民经济和社会发展中一项长远的战略方针，同时也是企业降低生产成本，提高市场竞争能力的必要手段。据最近有关方面报道，我国单位产值能耗是世界平均水平的４．８倍。在我国中密度纤维板（ＭＤＦ）行业中，单位产品综合能耗一级节能企业标准为 ３６５ｋｇ标煤／ｍ３，这一数值已是历史的标准，与当今国际同行相比存在着相当大的差距。据目前国内ＭＤＦ节能先进企业年度统计结果，ＭＤＦ单位产品综合能耗已降至 １８２ｋｇ标煤／ｍ３以下，典型值为 １６３ｋｇ标煤／ｍ３，接近国际同行的先进水平。 总的看，…     

中密度纤维板的过去、现在和未来

８０年代以来，ＭＤＦ是各种人造板中发展最迅速的产品，受到广泛的关注。本文介绍了自１９６６年世界上第一条ＭＤＦ生产线在美国建成至今ＭＤＦ的发展史，分析了世界森林资源的变化，人类环境保护意识的增强及技术的进步等因素对ＭＤＦ发展的推动作用。指出在新建ＭＤＦ厂时必须考虑的市场，原料、设备与技术的选择及资金等因素。介绍了我国ＭＤＦ的科研设计和生产发展情况。     

中纤板使用“三合一”防水剂的工艺

中纤板使用“三合一”防水剂的工艺吴英秋（广东省封开县中密度纤维板厂封开５２６５００）ＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＵｓｉｎｇ＂ＴｈｒｅｅｉｎＯｎｅ”ＷａｔｅＰｒｏｏｆｉｎｇＡｇｅｎｔｉｎＭＤＦＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｕＹｉｎｇｑｉｕ（ＦｅｎｇｋａｉＭＤＦＢｏ...     

枣椰树叶中脉人造板的研制与开发

介绍开发利用枣椰树叶的必要性和可行性，工业性试验表明枣椰树叶中脉ＭＤＦ以及枣椰树叶中脉与木质混合ＭＤＦ，其主要物理力学性能不亚于木质ＭＤＦ。目前国内完全可以提供成套的枣椰树叶中脉ＭＤＦ制造设备，这不仅可以使国产人造板生产线进入国际市场，且为我国南方地区开发利用枣椰树叶制造人造板创造了条件，拓宽了人造板生产的原料来源。     

异氰酸酯胶芦苇刨花板生产工艺研究

芦苇的ＳｉＯ２含量高，使用脲醛胶（ＵＦ）难以获得良好的胶合结果，本研究采用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ）胶粘剂压制芦苇刨花板，试验结果表明，当ＭＤＩ施胶量为４％和５％，刨花板的密度为０．７０ｇ／ｃｍ＾３时，其物理力学性能指标分别达到我国Ａ类刨花板优等品种和二等品的标准要求，如果ＭＤＩ单价由现在２０．００元／ｋｇ下降到１７．３０元／ｋｇ，ＭＤＩ芦苇创花板和ＵＦ芦苇刨花板的生产成本相同。     

火炬松制造中密度纤维板工艺的研究

通过对火炬松制造中纤维板制板工艺条件的研究,探索降低中密度纤维板制造过程中纤维施胶量的可能性。结果表明,火炬松制造中密度纤维板是可行的;采用８％的施胶量制板;板材的主要物理力学性能可达到美国ＭＤＦ国家标准ＡＮＳＴＡ２０８．２－１９９４和我国ＭＤＦ国家标准７０型及８０型特级品的要求。     

搞好“双增双节”的实践意义及其措施

搞好“双增双节”的实践意义及其措施刘达（河北林学院财务科，保定０７１０００）关键词双增双节；市场经济；经济效益中图分类号Ｇ６４７．４ＴＨＥＩＭＰＯＲＴＡＮＣＥＯＦ″ＤＯＵＢＬＥＩＮＣＲＥＡＳＥＡＮＤＤＯＵＢＬＥＲＥＴＲＥＣＨＭＥＮＴＳ″ＡＮＤＴＨＥＩ...     

干法蔗渣中密度纤维板热压工艺的研究

通过正交试验法，分析了热压中温度、压力和时间对干法蔗渣ＭＤＦ各项物理力学性能的影响。确定了蔗渣ＭＤＦ（板厚为１２ｍｍ）热压的较佳工艺参数为：热压温度１７５℃，热压时间８．５ｍｉｎ，热压压力４ＭＰＡ。     

三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂在中密度纤维板上的应用研究

耐水性差、游离甲醛释放量高是我国中密度纤维板（ＭＤＦ）存在的两个主要问题。用三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂（ＭＵＦ）胶粘剂生产ＭＤＦ可以有效地提高耐水性，降低游离甲醛释放量，并使得因管道施胶引起预固化问题得到有效控制。     

中（高）密度纤维板的近期市场分析与预测

干法中密度纤维板（以下简称ＭＤＦ）自６０年代中期问世以来，因其质地细密、结构均匀、力学性能好以及加工性能优异等特点，已经成为人造板家族中一个前景看好的重要板种。干法高密度硬质纤维板（以下简称ＨＤＦ）是近几年来随着复合地板市场及室内装修、装饰材料市场的快速增长而兴起的新板种，尤其是强化复合地板对薄板型ＨＤＦ的需求迅猛增长，使ＨＤＦ也成为人造板市场中前景很好的板种之一。１ 我国中密度纤维板的现状 我国对ＭＤＦ的研制工作起步于７０年代，并在８０年代初由黑龙江省林业设计研究院设计建成我国第一条ＭＤＦ生产线…     

抗病增胶灵在生产上的试用效果

通过2000～2001年的生产性比较试验,在橡胶树割面上施用抗病增胶灵,比常规生产措施表现有明显的增产作用和一定程度的防治条溃疡病、死皮病的作用,并且降低了生产成本。     

化香植被的人工促进天然更新技术初步研究

对化香植被的人工促进天然更新技术作了初步研究,结果表明,人工促进对化香天然更新的效果是明显的,4a后其密度达3.7株/m2,分别为1999年、2000年和2001年对照的205.2%、185.7%和168.2%;高生长1999年较对照增加9.1%,2000年为对照的187.8%,2001年为对照的197.8%;在郁闭度方面,次年即达0.6,第3年达0.85,至第4年则达0.9,基本实现对林地的全面覆盖.人工促进天然更新第4年化香林地的生物总量分别为枫香林的488.7%、灌木丛的227.0%和湿地松林的92%,人工促进天然更新化香林地的生物总量与4年生湿地松生物差异总量不大,其生物、生态效益已与4年生郁闭湿地松林相似.     

Growth patterns and morphology of fine roots of size-controlling and invigorating peach rootstocks

We compared growth patterns and morphology of fine roots of size-controlling and invigorating peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) rootstocks. Peach trees were grafted on five rootstocks: a vigorous control (Nemaguard), three intermediate vigor rootstocks (K119-50, P30-135 and Hiawatha), and a semi-dwarfing rootstock (K146-43). Minirhizotron tubes were installed at the base of trees on each rootstock and root images captured with a minirhizotron digital camera system. Number, visible length, and diameter of new roots were recorded at fixed soil depths from April 19, 2000 to December 19, 2001. Root diameter, specific root length, root tissue density and root length density were also measured periodically for each rootstock on roots collected from in-growth cores. Rootstocks had similar seasonal patterns of new root production. Fine root production was lowest in winter and appeared to decline during the final stages of fruit growth. A rootstock with almond in its genetic background (K119-50) produced the greatest quantity of fine roots and had the greatest number of new roots below 69 cm, whereas there were no differences among the other four rootstocks in the total number of roots produced. Rootstock K146-43 had thicker fine roots than the other rootstocks. Independent of rootstock, fine roots produced during spring had greater specific root length than those produced later in the season. The seasonal pattern of fine root production did not appear to be associated with the previously reported effects of these dwarfing rootstocks on shoot growth and stem water potential early in the growing season.     

Production and Economics of Native Pecan Silvopastures in Central United States

Riverine silvopastoral practices with native pecan (Carya illinoinensis) are a suitable land use for areas subjected to seasonal flooding in southern and central regions of the United States. Nut, timber and forage production, and the economics of managed pecan silvopastures were examined in southeastern Kansas. During 1981–2000, annual hulled nut production varied between 50 and 1600 kg ha⁻¹ in stands averaging 72 years of age, and ranging in density between 35 and 74 trees ha⁻¹. The nut crop had a pattern of biennial bearing with some exceptions. Tree stem diameter and stand basal area increased linearly with time. Nut production was not related to stand age or tree density, however, suggesting that nut production had reached a steady state level. Merchantable timber yield ranged between 0.25 and 1.35 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. In pecan silvopastures with a mean tree age of 37 years, forage production varied between 1500 and 4600 kg DM ha⁻¹ in 2001 and 2002. In 2001 only, grass production decreased with decreasing solar radiation within the range of 0.25–0.83 of fraction light transmitted. In both years, the grass understory had acceptable quality for cow-calf production with average crude protein content between 9 and 11.8%, and no evidence of excessive levels of ergoalkaloids from tall fescue. Twenty-seven vascular plants were identified in the understory of which nut sedge (Cyperus esculentus), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), wild oat (Avena fatua) and Canadian wild rye (Elymus canadensis) were the most abundant. Economic simulations obtained with the U.S. Agroforestry Estate Model indicated that pecan nut price is the main variable driving economic outputs under current production conditions. Annual cash flows from nut sales had smaller fluctuations than nut yields because of an inverse relation between nut price and yield. Improved timber production appears an option for increasing profitability of pecan silvopastures.     

Silvicultural treatment effects on oak seed production and predation by acorn weevils in southeastern Ohio

Oak regeneration failure in the hardwood forests of eastern North America has been well documented. Silvicultural treatments of prescribed burning and canopy thinning (fire surrogate) are being studied as possible management tools to promote oak regeneration in oak dominated forests. We examined oak seed production and predation by acorn weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from two experimental forests in southeastern Ohio, under four different silvicultural treatments. Treatments consisted of replicate stands that received a prescribed burning, thinning, and thinning followed by a prescribed burn, in addition to an untreated control. Initial thinning and prescribed burning treatments were conducted in winter/spring of 2000–2001, with a second prescribed burn in spring 2005. Within each treatment unit, nine black oak and nine chestnut oak trees were selected for study and two 0.25 m² seed fall traps were placed beneath each tree. Seed collections were completed for five seasons from 2001 to 2005. Data were analyzed using a randomized complete block design, utilizing a mixed-model repeated measures analysis. Overall, stand level treatments resulted in only a slight increase in acorn production (in the burn and thin + burn stands) relative to the control; however, this response was species specific. Masting, the intermittent production of large seed crops, was evident in our study though occurrence of a mast event was not influenced by the treatments. Chestnut oak displayed greater yearly, as well as individual variation in seed production than did black oak. Treatments had no effect on predation by acorn weevils. Predation percentages were lowest during mast years for chestnut oak; however, percentages were mostly stable for black oak across all 5 years. Our data suggest that variation due to climate and genotype are more influential in affecting seed production and masting cycles than are stand level disturbances. Thus, stand level management activities are not likely to have a large influence on oak seed production and oak regeneration must be more strongly influenced at other stages of its life history.     

Managing woodlands for income maximisation in western Queensland,Australia: clearing for grazing versus timber production

Queensland, Australia, has a proud pastoral history; however, the private and social benefits of continued woodland clearing for pasture development are unlikely to be as pronounced as they had been in the past. The environmental benefits of tree retention in arid regions of the State are now better appreciated and market opportunities have arisen for the unique timbers of western Queensland. A financial model is developed to facilitate a comparison of the private profitability of small-scale timber production from remnant Acacia woodlands against clearing for pasture development in the Mulga Lands and Desert Uplands bioregions of western Queensland. Four small-scale timber production scenarios, which differ in target markets and the extent of processing (value-adding), are explored within the model. Each scenario is examined for the cases where property rights to the timber are vested with the timber processor, and where royalties are payable. For both cases of resource ownership, at least one scenario generates positive returns from timber production, and exceeds the net farm income per hectare for an average grazing property in the study regions over the period 1989–1990 to 2000–2001. The net present value per hectare of selectively harvesting and processing high-value clearwood from remnant western Queensland woodlands is found to be greater than clearing for grazing.     

树莓温室栽培技术

对树莓温室生产的几个重要因子,如品种、温湿度、肥水管理、疏枝和修剪、病虫害防治等进行了探讨。经过树莓栽培品种的比较筛选后．2000年9月3日将正常产果的红莓2年生优壮植株移入温室,研究其温室栽培特性。经过一定寒冷期后,于当年12月20日开始扣棚、扣棚105d开花,127d果实开始成熟．比露地栽堵结果期提前40d。扣棚前和采收后进行合理修剪,实施有效的花果管理,严格调控温湿度．及时防治病虫害,生产的果实品质优良。2001年春季平均产果达300kg／666．7m^2,第2年即2002年春季达500kg／666．7m^2。     

浙江黑松叶蜂生活史调查及防治技术

2000年2月至2001年3月在贵州省凤冈县何坝乡对马尾松食叶浙江黑松叶蜂（Nesodipron zhejiangensis Zhou＆xiao）进行生活史调查和防治试验．结果表明：浙江黑松叶蜂在该县1年发生2代．以20％氰戊菊酯、25％马拉硫磷、2．5％溴氰菊酯的防治效果均在80％以上．     

Interannual consistency in canopy stomatal conductance control of leaf water potential across seven tree species

We investigated interannual variability of canopy transpiration per unit ground area (E (C)) and per unit leaf area (E (L)) across seven tree species in northern Wisconsin over two years. These species have previously been shown to be sufficient to upscale stand-level transpiration to the landscape level during one growing season. Our objective was to test whether a simple plant hydraulic model could capture interannual variation in transpiration. Three species, wetland balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill), basswood (Tilia Americana L.) and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng), had no change in E (C) or E (L) between 2000 and 2001. Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) had a 57 and 19% increase in E (C) and E (L), respectively, and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) had an 83 and 41% increase in E (C) and E (L), respectively, from 2000 to 2001. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) had a 50 and 21% decrease in E (C) and E (L), respectively, from 2000 to 2001 in response to complete defoliation by forest tent caterpillar (Malascoma distria Hüber) and subsequent lower total leaf area index of the reflushed foliage. White cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) had a 20% decrease in both E (C) and E (L) caused by lowered surface water in wetlands in 2001 because of lower precipitation and wetland flow management. Upland A. balsamea increased E (L) and E (C) by 55 and 53%, respectively, as a result of release from light competition of the defoliated, overstory P. tremuloides. We hypothesized that regardless of different drivers of interannual variability in E (C) and E (L), minimum leaf water potential would be regulated at the same value. Minimum midday water potentials were consistent over the two years within each of the seven species despite large changes in transpiration between years. This regulation was independently verified by the exponential saturation between daily E (C) and vapor pressure deficit (D) and the tradeoff between a reference canopy stomatal conductance (G (S)) and the sensitivity of G (S) to D, indicating that trees with high G (S) must decrease G (S) in response to atmospheric drought faster than trees with low G (S). Our results show that models of forest canopy transpiration can be simplified by incorporating G (S) regulation of minimum leaf water potential for isohydric species.     

森林食品--红壳竹笋生产技术

根据长期从事竹笋生产的实践，参照浙江省质量技术监督局2001年发布的浙江省地方标准(DB33／305．3-2001)要求，总结并提出森林食品红壳竹笋生产6个控制质量技术环节。