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核桃主要病虫害的发生与防治李东鸿,刘志刚(陕西省农科院植保所,陕西杨陵712100)王善政,冀宏山(洛南县核桃研究所,陕西洛南726000)近年来,洛南核桃病虫害的发生与危害日趋严重,直接影响产量、品质和果农的经济收入。据统计,全县每年由于病虫危害损... 相似文献
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核桃扁叶甲指名亚种(Gastroiina deprssa deprssa Baly) ,属鞘翅目叶甲科,是危害枫杨的主要食叶害虫之一。青阳县2003年4月首次发现该虫,经安徽农业大学昆虫学教授杨春材鉴定。由于尚未发现其发生、危害特点及防治措施等相关资料,自2003年以来,笔者对核桃扁叶甲指名亚种连续进行了观察、调查和防治试验,初步掌握了核桃扁叶甲指名亚种的生物学特性、发生危害特点及防治方法。 相似文献
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本文以四川汉源县核桃为对象,开展核桃病虫害调查,获得以下主要结果:汉源县核桃有害生物共计30种,其中危害较为严重的虫害为云斑天牛、木橑尺蠖、黄刺蛾、桃蛀螟、核桃举肢蛾等,病害普遍发生的是核桃炭疽病、核桃黑斑病、核桃缩叶病,具有潜在危害性的较大的是核桃木腐病、核桃枝枯病、核桃溃疡病和星天牛、茶丽天牛等对核桃枝干危害的有害生物。调查发现核桃有害生物种类随着温度的变化呈现周期性变化。汉源县4月气温10~30°C时虫害开始危害植株,病害也开始侵染植株,并随温度升高,种类增多,危害加重。11月气温10~20°C时有害生物危害降低,开始越冬。核桃有害生物种类以及危害程度与其种植环境有关。四旁树核桃、核桃和玉米混合种植有害生物危害较核桃纯林严重,核桃柑橘混合种植时有害生物种类较核桃纯林种类多,这可能与混栽植物间有共同有害生物有关,有关机理将进一步研究。 相似文献
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指出了核桃小吉丁虫属鞘翅目吉丁虫科,是危害枝干的害虫,分布于全国各地,主要危害核桃、桃树、杏树等果树。通过对岐山县核桃经济林连续三年的调查,掌握了核桃小吉丁虫危害的特点,并提出了防治措施及建议,为今后防治核桃小吉丁虫提供技术依据。 相似文献
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采用踏查和标准地调查相结合的方法,于2017年对盐亭县核桃有害生物种类、分布范围和危害程度进行了系统调查。结果表明:危害核桃的虫害有13种、病害5种、有害植物2种。主要有害生物有核桃举肢蛾、核桃长足象、云斑天牛、核桃黑斑病、核桃褐斑病、核桃炭疽病等。本文分析了盐亭县核桃主要有害生物危害特点及防治现状,并提出防治建议。 相似文献
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榆社县核桃生产常遭受早春晚霜危害,引发大面积减产甚至绝收,制约了核桃产业发展。分析了晚霜影响因素、发生特点和危害特征,提出了预防和灾害补救措施,以促进核桃产业健康发展。 相似文献
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为全面了解天水核桃主要病虫害发生及危害情况,在天水核桃主要种植基地进行了系统调查。调查发现,危害核桃的虫害有10种,病害有4种。根据主要病虫害的发生特点,结合连续几年无公害防治试验结果,制定了针对天水地区核桃主要病虫害的无公害防治历。 相似文献
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通常对核桃和美国东部黑核桃嫁接的成活率进行比较,证明美国东部黑核桃和核桃具有很强的嫁接亲和力,为将来利用美国东部黑核桃做为核桃嫁接砧木提供了有力的证据。 相似文献
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Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is a temperate tree grown for nuts and wood, but it is allelopathic to certain plants and animals. We compiled reports
of valuable black walnut companion crops which may be grown in the short term (<15 years after planting walnut trees), medium
term (15–30 years), and long term (>30 years). There are many black walnut companion cropping systems for the short and medium
term, but there are few for the long term. Companion crops for black walnut serve multiple functions, including nitrogen fixation,
added yields, the development of straight walnut stems, and added protection from forest pests such as deer. Black walnut
polyculture is a viable alternative worthy of further development and implementation. 相似文献
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李俊楠 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2020,43(1):19-20,41
美国(东部)黑核桃是一种果材兼用的落叶乔木树种,生长适应能力强,可作为经济林树种、用材树种和生态树种。文章主要介绍了黑核桃的栽培历史、生产应用、主要特性、嫁接技术及发展前景,为山西省今后黑核桃的发展,提供了重要的参考和依据。 相似文献
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Analyses of black walnut tree diameters 13 years after planting showed that interplanting autumn-olive, black locust, and European alder increased walnut tree growth, but only at certain locations. Interplanting autumn-olive resulted in increases of 56 to 351% at four of five locations and all species resulted in doubled walnut growth on an upland site. The interaction between treatment and location indicates that a fuller understanding of site and nurse species characteristics is needed to obtain the potential benefits of mixed plantings. 相似文献
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核桃细菌性黑斑病发病规律及防治技术研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
核桃细菌性黑斑病是陕西洛南核桃树的主要病害之一。试验研究表明,根据该病发病规律,在抓好林业防治的基础上,采用林业防治、化学药剂防治相结合的综合防治技术,防治效果明显。 相似文献
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Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), a chemical substance produced by black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), inhibits the growth
and existence of some beneficial soil microorganisms, especially Frankia spp. isolate ArI3 and Rhizobium japonicum. However,
no studies to date have reported on the effect of juglone on soil ammonification and nitrification. A field study and laboratory
incubation study to investigate this were conducted. In the field, in situ soil ammonification and nitrification were measured
within and outside of a 60-year-old black walnut plantation and a eight-year-old poplar (Populus spp. clone DN 177) plantation.
In the lab, soil (Sandy Fox Loam), collected in the absence of black walnut trees, was incubated for periods of one to six
weeks in the presence of varying concentrations of juglone. In the field, peak summer mean nitrate accumulation rates in soils
within the black walnut and poplar plantation were 163 and 95 μg 100 g-1 dry soil day-1 respectively and in soils outside the plantations, 104 (black walnut) and 78 (poplar) μg 100 g-1 dry soil day-1 respectively. No accumulation of ammonium at the end of the incubation period was noted. Therefore, no inhibition effect
of juglone on nitrification in the field was observed, and laboratory incubation results confirmed the results of the field
study. Results from these studies should address concerns about nitrification inhibition under walnut based intercropping
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Patterns of water relations, xylem sap abscisic acid (ABA) concentration ([ABA]) and stomatal aperture were compared in drought-sensitive black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and black willow (Salix nigra Marsh.), less drought-sensitive sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and drought-tolerant white oak (Quercus alba L.). Strong correlations among reduction in predawn water potential, increase in xylem sap [ABA] and stomatal closure were observed in all species. Stomatal response was more highly correlated with xylem [ABA] than with ABA flux. Xylem sap pH and ion concentrations appeared not to play a major role in the stomatal response of these species. Stomata were more sensitive to relative changes in [ABA] in drought-sensitive black walnut and black willow than in sugar maple and white oak. In the early stages of drought, increased [ABA] in the xylem sap of black walnut and black willow was probably of root origin and provided a signal to the shoot of the water status of the roots. In sugar maple and white oak, leaf water potential declined with the onset of stomatal closure, so that stomatal closure also may have occurred in response to the change in leaf water potential. 相似文献
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Root nodule development, and seasonal patterns of nodular nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities were determined for 5- to 8-year old black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) interplanted with black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) on bottomland and upland sites in central Illinois, USA. Black alder produced nodules at both sites, but Russian olive did so only at the bottomland site. Nodular nitrogenase activity was detectable in both species over a 220-day period. Maximum, midday rates of nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of 15 to 20 micromoles C(2)H(4) per g dry nodule per hour were maintained by black alder for approximately 150 days at both the upland and bottomland sites. Near maximum rates of nodular nitrogenase activity were maintained for a similar period by Russian olive at the lowland site, although specific nitrogenase activity was approximately 25% lower than in black alder owing to a larger proportion of necrotic nodular tissue in Russian olive. In both species, nitrogenase activity increased exponentially with temperature between 10 degrees C and 20 to 25 degrees C. No net hydrogen evolution by nodules of either species was detected at any time during the assay period, indicating efficient hydrogenase systems were operating under the conditions of the field assay. Height of black walnut interplanted with nodulated black alder and Russian olive was greater than that of black walnut grown in pure stands. 相似文献
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Eight years after planting in a hardwood clearcut, black walnut trees in plots with weed control had significantly better survival and were taller and larger in diameter than those in plots without weed control. Planting autumn-olive with walnut also significantly increased height and diameter of the walnuts but did not affect their survival. 相似文献
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This article reviews the silviculture of walnut in Britain andconsiders the case for planting common walnut (Juglans regia)or black walnut (Juglans nigra), neither of which is nativeto Britain. In addition the results of four provenance experimentsplanted in southern Britain in 198687 are described.The results of the experiments confirm that walnut is extremelysensitive to site conditions and should only be planted on themost suitable frost free, fertile, well drained and deeply rootablesites. Species comparisons show that J nigra is more tolerantof poor sites than J. regia, but at the only suitable site forplanting walnut there was little difference between the twospecies. Vermont, Ohio and Illinois provenances of J. nigraall performed well on the best site in the Chilterns and relativelywell on the other poorer sites. 相似文献