T优259等品种表现抗稻曲病

2007～2008年在湖南的攸县、怀化市、桃江县和湘阴县采用自然诱发与人工辅助接种相结合的方法测定了18个水稻品种对稻曲病的田间抗病性。结果表明，抗病的品种有T优259、培两优559、新香优80和T优706；感病的品种有两优培九、红莲优6号和Ⅱ优416；其他新香优207、E32、汕优63、T优111、两优0293、     

桂林市水稻主栽品种对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性评价

采取田间自然诱发的方式,对桂林34个水稻主栽品种进行南方水稻黑条矮缩病抗性评价,结果表明:表现为抗病的有淦鑫203、顺优109、株两优4024、T78优2155、岳优9113、中浙优8号、中浙优1号、Y两优302、桂两优2号等14个品种;表现为感病的有陆两优28、EK优18、淦鑫206、五优308、淦鑫699、丰源优299、Q优6号、丰两优4号等20个品种;未发现免疫品种。建议农户选用上述抗性较好的品种,慎用高感品种。同时,在现阶段,"治虱防矮"仍然是防治水稻南方黑条矮缩病的最主要措施。     

水稻品种抗稻曲病田间抗性鉴定和化学药剂防治研究

对攸县目前已大量栽培或正在大力推广的18个品种进行稻曲病田间抗性鉴定试验。结果有6个品种自然发病,接种处理后发病更重,它们分别是两优培九、红莲优6号、汕优63、丰优191、E32、V46;有6个品种只是在接种处理后发病,分别是金优207、两优0293、V111、11优416、培两优559、新香优207;有6个品种自然状态和接种处理后都未发病,分别是T优111、五丰优998、T优259、湘晚籼12号、新香优80、T优706。本研究还筛选了30％苯醚甲·丙环唑EC,好力克,洁苗,真彩,应得24％悬浮剂等5种药剂,对稻曲病的防治效果较理想。防效为73．2％-82．2％。     

江西省主要早稻品种稻瘟病抗性评价

在井冈山自然病圃,以高感品种"丽江新团黑谷"作为诱发品种,对江西省50个早稻品种的稻瘟病抗性进行了鉴定。结果表明:对叶瘟表现为抗病、中抗、中感的品种数分别为36、10、4个,所占比例分别为72.0%、20.0%、8.0%;对穗颈瘟表现为抗病、中抗、感病的品种数分别为20、20、10个,所占比例分别为40.0%、40.0%、20.0%。对叶瘟和穗颈瘟都表现为中抗以上抗性的有株两优030等37个品种。     

广西部分水稻主导品种对稻瘟病的抗性评价（英文）

为明确广西水稻主导品种对稻瘟病的抗性水平,分别在广西岑溪、三江、永福设立了3个自然诱发病圃,通过采用苗期室内人工喷雾接种和病圃自然诱发的方法鉴定了45个主导水稻品种的抗谱及病区田间抗性。室内抗谱测定结果显示,供试的45个水稻主导品种抗性频率在8.33%~94.44%之间,抗性频率在80%以上的有8个,占鉴定总数的17.78%;50%~80%之间的有11个,占总数的24.44%;50%以下的有26个,占57.78%两年病圃鉴定结果表明,45个水稻主导品种稻瘟病的抗性水平较差,无中抗水平以上抗性品种;2010年,表现中感的有26个,占总数的57.78%,表现感病的有12个、高感7个,分别占26.67%、15.56%;2011年,表现中感的有16个,占总数的35.56%,表现感病的有23个、高感6个,分别占51.11%、13.33%。45个水稻主导品种总体抗性水平呈逐年下降的趋势,在生产上应合理使用。     

江西省水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性鉴定与评价

为明确江西水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性,为抗病品种的选择及推广布局提供参考依据,采用田间病圃自然诱发和室内人工接种对江西省141个水稻品种的抗稻瘟病性进行了鉴定,并对其抗性进行综合评价。结果表明,141个品种的抗感性差异明显,另外,根据品种的苗瘟、叶瘟和穗颈瘟鉴定结果可知,苗叶瘟发病轻而穗颈瘟发病重。抗性综合评价为中抗的品种有29个,占供试品种的20.6%,中感的有58个,占41.1%,感病的有47个,占33.3%,高感的有7个,占5.0%,测试品种中未发现高抗及抗病的品种。另外,早稻品种表现中抗的比例最高,优于晚稻。目前江西省水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性水平相对较低,在稻瘟病重发生地区,可选择抗性较好的株两优02和株两优09等种植。     

江西晚稻“籼改粳”候选品种对稻曲病的抗性评价

采用人工注射接种和田间自然抗性鉴定共鉴定了16个粳稻品种对稻曲病的抗性。温室人工接种结果表明,16个供试品种中鉴定为抗、中抗、中感、感、高感的品种(品系)分别有1、4、3、6和2个;田间自然抗性鉴定结果在两地有一定差异,其中在永修鉴定结果为抗、中抗、中感、感、高感的品种(品系)分别有1、3、3、6和3个,在修水鉴定为抗、中抗、中感、感、高感的品种(品系)分别有3、2、3、7和1个。综合人工注射接种和田间自然抗性鉴定的结果,不同水稻品种对稻曲病的抗性有着显著性的差异,对稻曲病表现为抗病的品种有小叶迟熟、浙科优2854、Ⅱ优7954、池优65,但多数甬优系列品种感稻曲病。本研究结果可为江西双季稻区晚稻"籼改粳"品种布局及稻曲病的综合防治提供依据。     

66个水稻品种对稻曲病田间抗性的评价

通过田间自然诱发鉴定了66个中稻品种对稻曲病[病原物为绿核菌(Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke.)Takah)]的田间抗性水平.结果表明,66个品种中高抗稻曲病的品种只有3个,达到抗级的品种有30个,达中抗级的品种有14个,中感稻曲病的有17个,感稻曲病的有1个,高感稻曲病的1个.     

优质两系杂交稻组合两优培九抗稻瘟病特性试验研究

用属5个不同生理小种的11个广谱致病单孢菌株和广谱致病多孢菌株对两优培九进行苗期人工接种鉴定．同时在福建省10个稻瘟病鉴定圃进行田间自然诱发鉴定。鉴定结果苗期人工接菌鉴定1998年表现感(S)，1999年表现中感(MS)，田间病圃自然诱发鉴定1998年叶瘟表现抗(R)，穗颈瘟表现中抗(MR)，1999年叶瘟表现为感(S)，穗颈瘟表现为中感(MS)，两年鉴定综合评价为感稻瘟病(S)，生产上推广时要注意稻瘟病的防治。     

江西省水稻品种抗稻瘟病差异性的研究

为了明确江西水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性水平,在井冈山采用田间病圃自然诱发的方法鉴定了42个水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性。鉴定结果表明:水稻品种间抗稻瘟病性差异较为明显,对叶瘟表现高抗、抗病、中抗、中感和感病的品种分别有5、18、10、6、3个,对穗颈瘟表现中抗、中感和感病的品种分别有19、15、8个;抗性综合评价为抗病的品种占54.7%,表现为感病的品种占45.3%。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。