猪POU1F1基因第三内含子MspⅠ酶切片段多态特征的研究

采用PCR-RFLPs技术,以MspⅠ为内切酶,检测猪POU1F1基因中片段为2.1 kb的第三内含子中的多态位点1.68 kb(C等位基因)和0.85/0.83 kb(D等位基因),分析各多态位点在长白猪、杜洛克猪、小梅山猪、香猪、姜曲海猪5个品种群中的分布,并通过χ2检验比较这5个猪种间的基因型差异.χ2适合性检验结果表明MspⅠ酶切突变位点的3种基因型在5个品种中分布差异均极显著(P<0.01).中国地方品种小梅山猪、姜曲海猪等位基因C的比例很高,中国地方品种香猪等位基因C的比例则比较高,国外品种长白猪、杜洛克猪等位基因C的比例很低.     

猪PGC1基因PCR-RFLP多态性研究

通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏省地方品种梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪以及培育品种苏钟猪共144头,结果表明,PGC1基因序列经AluⅠ酶切后存在AA、AT和TT 3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0.7;江苏省地方品种猪中,TT基因型占绝对优势,T等位基因频率平均为0.99,梅山猪和二花脸猪均为TT型。PGC1基因的PCR-RFLP基因型分布χ2检验结果表明,大约克猪与苏钟猪、梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪差异极显著;苏钟猪与梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪差异极显著;梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪三者之间无显著性差异。     

4个猪种H-FABP基因5'-上游区和第二内含子的遗传变异

利用PCR-RFLP技术(限制性内切酶采用HaeⅢ,HinfⅠ,MspⅠ)检测了杜洛克、长白、大约克、湖北白猪等4个猪品种共计161头猪H-FABP基因位点的遗传变异。结果在4个猪品种H-FABP基因5’-上游区验证了HinfⅠ-RFLP,在该位点上,杜洛克猪和长白猪的基因型分布相似,二者与湖北白猪、大白猪之间的差异达到显著水平,湖北白猪与大白猪的基因型分布差异达到极显著水平;在4个猪品种H-FABP基因第二内含子验证了HaeⅢ-RFLP和MspⅠ-RFLP,在HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上,杜洛克猪、长白猪、湖北白猪3个品种的基因型分布差异不显著,大白猪与上述3个品种的基因型分布存在极显著差异;在MspⅠ-RFLP位点上,长白猪、湖北白猪、大白猪的基因型分布差异不显著,三者与杜洛克猪之间的差异达显著水平。     

猪IGFBP2基因多态性及其对苏姜猪肉质性状的影响

【目的】探讨IGFBP2基因潜在的遗传变异及其与苏姜猪肉质性状之间的关系。【方法】采用PCR-RFLP技术检测IGFBP2基因在苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、杜洛克猪中的MspⅠ酶切遗传多态性,采用单因素方差分析法分析该多态位点对苏姜猪肉质性状的影响。【结果】在3个猪种试验群体,IGFBP2基因第2内含子内均发现了1个MspⅠ酶切多态性,存在A、B等位基因,AA、AB、BB基因型,优势等位基因为B,优势基因型为AB,多态信息含量均呈现中度多态。苏姜猪试验群体IGFBP2基因AA、AB型个体大理石纹显著高于BB型(P0.05),AA型个体五分制肉色和色差仪测得的a值均显著高于AB、 BB型(P0.05)。【结论】苏姜猪试验群体IGFBP2基因第2内含子内PCR-RFLP-MspⅠ多态性与部分肉质性状间存在一定程度的显著性相关,可以作为与猪肉质性状相关的候选基因加以研究。     

猪Dlx5基因多态性及其与猪体尺和胸椎数的关系

为探讨猪远端缺失基因5(distal-less homeobox 5,Dlx5)的多态性、群体分布特性及其与体尺和胸椎数的关系,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了猪Dlx5基因g.394C>T位点在6个中外猪品种中的多态性分布,并分析了该位点与猪体尺和胸椎数的关系。检测结果表明,经HhaⅠ酶切后在6个猪品种群体均发现了CC、CT和TT 3种基因型,其中C等位基因在莱芜黑猪中为优势等位基因,而T等位基因在里岔黑猪、鲁莱黑猪、杜洛克猪、大约克猪和长白猪中占优势。在该多态性位点,莱芜黑猪、里岔黑猪、鲁莱黑猪、杜洛克和长白猪群体均处于哈代—温伯格平衡(P>0.05),而大约克猪群体偏离平衡状态(P<0.05);基因型在群体间的分布差异极显著(P<0.01)。群体遗传特性分析表明,有效等位基因数在1.254～1.991之间;杜洛克猪的多态信息含量为0.182,属于低度多态,其余品种均在0.254～0.374之间,属于中度多态。关联分析结果表明,该多态性位点对莱芜黑猪体长、体高、屠前活重、腹围、胸围、腿臀围和胸椎数以及里岔黑猪胸椎数的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。Dlx5基因g.394C>T位点在猪群中存在多态,基因型分布在莱芜黑猪与其他猪种间不同,与猪体尺和胸椎数无显著关联。     

6个猪群Lpinl基因多态性分析

试验采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了猪Lpinl基因第2外显子C93T突变在6个猪群中的多态性分布.结果表明,经TapⅠ酶切后发现了CC、TC和TT 3种基因型.在6个猪群中C均为优势等位基因,CC为优势基因型.x2检验发现,基因型分布在莱芜猪、沂蒙猪、杜洛克、大约克和长白猪群均达到了哈代-温伯格平衡(P＞0.05),里岔猪未达到哈代-温伯格平衡(P＜0.05);不同基因型在群体间的分布差异极显著(P＜0.01).群体遗传特性分析表明,有效等位基因数在1.000～1.4808;多态信息含量里岔猪为0.2720,属于中度多态,其余猪群均低于0.25,为低度多态.     

6个地方猪品种(类群)GH基因的基因型分布研究

采用PCR-RFLP技术对6个地方品种(类群)GH基因-119bp至+486bp区域进行扩增,分别用内切酶ApaⅠ和Hin6Ⅰ检测其多态性。结果表明:ApaⅠ酶切产生2个等位基因A和B,3种基因型AA,AB和BB,AA为优势基因型,A为优势等位基因;Hin6Ⅰ酶切产生3个等位基因C2,C3和C4,4种基因型C2C3,C2C4,C3C4和C4C4,C4C4为优势基因型,C4为优势等位基因。ApaⅠ和Hin6Ⅰ酶切基因型在猪群体间的分布不均匀,且差异都达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。     

猪PGC1基因与胴体性状的相关性分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏地方品种梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪及培育品种苏钟猪共144头。结果表明,PGC1基因序列经AulI酶切后存在AA、AT和TT 3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0.7,江苏地方品种猪中,TT占绝对优势。分析PGC1基因型与胴体性状相关性发现,AA基因型猪的脂肪重高于TT基因型猪,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。倒数第三四腰椎间背膘厚AA基因型猪高于TT基因型猪,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),AT基因型与TT基因型差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。     

猪IGF-2基因内含子3突变检测及其多态性分布

采用错配PCR-RFLP法,检测8个品种314头猪IGF-2基因内含子3的3072位点多态性及其在群体中的分布.结果表明:引入错配碱基构造出新的酶切位点,在很大程度上降低了试验成本且不影响基因型判定结果.IGF-2基因内含子3的3072位点(G→A)变异多态在猪群中分布差异极显著.国外品种猪中等位基因A的频率高于我国地方品种猪,我国地方品种猪(二花脸猪、梅山猪、五指山猪、淮猪)群体中绝大多数为GG基因型;而国外品种猪(长白猪、大约克猪、杜洛克猪)群体中GA和AA基因型频率分别为60%～70%和20%～30%.由杜洛克猪与二花脸猪、梅山猪杂交育成的苏太猪,其群体中GA基因型频率接近78%,大大超过地方品种猪.     

3个品种猪生长激素基因的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLPs技术,对香猪、上海白猪、大约克夏猪生长激素基因-119～＋715区域共834bp片段的扩增产物分别用ApaⅠ、DraⅠ、MspⅠ 3种限制性内切酶检测酶切位点的多态性.结果显示：ApaⅠ酶切时,3个品种的猪都产生了3种基因型（AA、BB和AB）,BB基因型的频率以大约克夏猪最高,AB基因型的频率以香猪最高,3个猪种间基因型频率、等位基因频率的差异不显著（P＞0.05）;Dra Ⅰ酶切时,各品种猪均未呈现酶切位点的多态性;Msp Ⅰ酶切时,仅大约克夏猪表现出2种基因型（CC、CD）,香猪、上海白猪未产生酶切位点多态性.结论：AB基因型的频率以香猪为最高,它可能是小型猪的有利基因型;在香猪和上海白猪中DraⅠ和Msp Ⅰ酶切位点的多态性比较贫乏.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。