番茄秸秆固定化芽孢杆菌M1对3环PAHs污染老化土壤修复效果

为探讨固定化微生物对煤矿区3环PAHs污染老化土壤的修复效果,以番茄秸秆为固定化载体材料,通过“吸附-包埋-交联法”形成了固定化芽孢杆菌微球,并采用土培试验对煤矿区土壤3环PAHs去除进行研究。结果表明,游离芽孢杆菌M1对煤矿区污染老化土壤单体芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）和蒽（Anth）的去除随接菌量的增加先升高后降低。在接菌量为1%、10%、20%（体积质量比）的游离芽孢杆菌处理中,10%处理（B2M1）对土壤Phe的去除率最高,为21.35%。不同接菌量的固定化芽孢杆菌M1微球处理对3种PAHs的去除率显著高于微球基质处理,其中,接菌量20%的固定化芽孢杆菌处理（X3M1）对土壤Flu的去除率最高,达95.25%,比不含M1菌株的番茄秸秆微球基质处理（X3）提高了12.03个百分点。对比分析扣除微球基质后的固定化M1与添加同等菌量的游离M1去除结果看出,经固定化后的菌株M1比游离菌M1显著促进了对煤矿区污染老化土壤3环PAHs的去除,不同接菌量对单体Flu和Anth去除率为72.17%~75.52%和8.97%~28.88%,分别比游离菌增加了64.10~72.31个百分点和8.13~15.24个百分点,单体Phe 1%接菌量处理比游离菌提高了5.07个百分点。从土壤酶活性看,土壤过氧化氢酶活性在固定化M1三种剂量处理下均显著高于微球基质和游离菌M1处理,随剂量增加依次是游离菌处理的1.16、1.23倍和1.20倍,是微球基质处理的1.28、1.19倍和1.16倍,与3环PAHs的去除率规律相一致,而固定化M1处理多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和纤维素酶活性相对于游离菌处理有不同程度的降低。综上,固定化芽孢杆菌M1对土壤3环PAHs去除具有显著促进作用,为煤矿区PAHs污染老化土壤原位修复的应用提供了重要技术参数与支撑。     

多氯联苯污染土壤好氧降解菌群的分离与鉴定

从浙江温岭和萧山长期受多氯联苯污染的土壤中,以联苯为唯一碳源和能源进行菌类的富集筛选共得到35株纯菌,其中革兰氏阴性菌占细菌总数的60%。对得到的35株菌株进行16SrRNA基因序列分析,结果显示温岭和萧山土壤中的优势菌属分别为寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas sp.)和潘多拉菌属(Pandoraea sp.)。挑选的4株细菌棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium sp.)WL8、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)WL10、微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.)XS4和柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter sp.)XS7均可在联苯存在情况下共代谢降解2,3,4,5-四氯代多氯联苯(PCB61),其中从温岭土壤中筛选到的Corynebacteriumsp.WL8对PCB61的5d去除率达到了50%。     

固定化混合菌修复冻融土壤PAHs污染的研究

从石油污染冻融土壤中筛选出1株细菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和1株真菌(Mortierella alpina),以玉米芯为载体对混合菌进行固定化,研究低温冻融环境下,固定化混合菌对菲(Phe)和苯并[b]荧恩(BbF)污染土壤的生物强化修复作用。通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析Phe和BbF的降解动态,用Michaelis-Menton与Monod动力学方程将结果进行拟合,采用高通测序分析修复过程中微生物群落的变化。结果表明,处理前,冻融土壤中Phe、BbF的浓度分别为(105.4±4.8)、(6.12±1.1)mg·kg~(-1),60 d修复试验后,固定化混合菌可降解土壤中(56.62±3.21)%的Phe和(38.21±1.82)%的BbF,固定化混合菌对冻融环境有较好的抗性,其降解能力优于游离菌。修复试验中,稳定前期降解速率均高于稳定期降解速率。固定化混合菌的投加,提高了Phe、BbF的降解速率,缩短了Phe、BbF降解的半衰期,反应速率分别提高至2.02、0.65 d-1,半衰期分别缩短至50.17 d和82.12 d;改变了土壤中微生物的群落结构及多样性,其中细菌的多样性和均匀度均降低,多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解与细菌的群落多样性和均匀度呈现负相关;细菌变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)和真菌鞭毛菌门(Mortierellomycota)成为主要的优势菌门,相对丰富度分别为88.72%和81.15%;细菌假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp. SDR4)和真菌高山被孢霉菌(Mortierella alpina. JDR7)相对丰度分别上升至80.03%和81.15%,形成了显著的降解真菌-细菌共生优势菌株体系,明显提高了低温土壤中的PAHs污染的修复效果。固定化混合菌可广泛应用于冻融环境下土壤PAHs污染的生物强化修复。     

光合细菌固定化及其处理含油废水的研究

采用固定化光合细菌PSBRS(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)处理含油废水.比较了3种不同包埋材料固定化光合细菌处理含油废水的效果,对固定化光合细菌去除废水中油的工艺条件进行了优化,并分析了油降解后的脂肪酸成分.通过几种固定化工艺的比较,确定了2%沸石+2%海藻酸钠(CA)的凝胶剂组合作为共固定材料.结果表明,该同定化颗粒降解1 000mL含油废水的最佳使用条件为:好氧避光条件下,粒径4 mm,包埋比1:2,颗粒投加量10 g.6 d后含油废水中油、NH+4-N、PO3-4的去除率分别为80.1%、87.4%、96.3%.通过固定化光合细菌与游离态光合细菌对油去除率的比较,固定化光合细菌去油率达到74.95%,与游离态PSBRS(去油率为35.31%)相比,提高约50%以上.此外,分析了油降解后的脂肪酸成分,固定化光合细菌对脂肪酸的去除效果显著,为今后开展高效处理含油废水的微生物筛选和固定化技术研究奠定了基础.     

红掌栽培基质中细菌的分离及致病性测定

从红掌栽培基质中分离获得对红掌具有致病性的菌株4-1,经16SrDNA序列比对分析,菌株4-1与微杆菌(Microbacterium sp.)BM-25的16SrDNA序列相似性达98%,与沼生微杆菌(M.chocolatum)、氧化烃微杆菌(M.hydrocarbonoxydans)、海洋微杆菌(M.thalassi...     

固定化光合细菌对富营养化水质的净化效果

[目的]研究固定化光合细菌对富营养化养殖水质的净化效果及优化条件。[方法]采用实验室自制的一种新型生物微胶囊对光合细菌进行固定化,用游离态光合细菌和固定化光合细菌2种体系分别处理富营养化养殖水质,通过测定几种水质指标CODCr、NH3-N、TP的去除率来比较2种处理体系的优劣。[结果]2种处理体系比较表明,在单因素条件下,固定化体系净化富营养化水质的效果优于非固定化体系。正交试验结果表明,影响CODCr和NH3-N去除率的各因素主次关系依次为温度>接种量>pH值;影响TP去除率的各因素主次关系依次为接种量>pH值>温度。[结论]固定化光合细菌在较短的时间内即可达最佳处理效果。水质指标不同其最佳净化条件也不尽相同,不能完全以哪个指标来单独评定和评价水质。     

固定化酶修复阿特拉津污染土壤效果及土壤细菌多样性动态变化分析

采用固定化处理和游离态降解酶修复阿特拉津污染土壤,在考查修复效果基础上,研究分析修复过程中其对土壤细菌多样性影响情况,评价固定化酶修复方法的可行性及其生态安全性。按1%(V/W)和5%(V/W)的投加量分别将固定化酶和游离酶施入阿特拉津浓度为100 mg·kg-1土壤中,于投加后第7、14、21和28天取样,测定阿特拉津降解。结果表明,投加量为1%(V/W)和5%(V/W)的游离酶降解率分别为32.38%和39.37%;而投加量为1%(V/W)和5%(V/W)的固定化酶降解率分别为72.84%和79.22%。在上述过程中采用PCR-DGGE技术研究不同处理土壤细菌群落组成的变化情况。结果显示,在整个修复过程中,添加游离酶、固定化酶及污染处理土壤中的微生物图谱所显示的优势种属几乎没有变化,各处理样品细菌多样性组成没有显著差异。结合固定化酶对土壤中阿特拉津的去除效果,说明所采用修复方法具有较好的生态安全性。     

4株苯磺隆降解菌的分离鉴定及其生长特性

从长期受农药苯磺隆污染的土壤中通过采用富集培养分离技术得到4株以苯磺隆为唯一碳源生长的细菌,分别将其命名为B1、B2、B3和B4。通过观察这4种菌株的形态学特征,研究其生理生化特性以及分析其16S rDNA序列,初步鉴定菌株B1为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),B2为戴尔福特菌(Delftia sp.),B3为微杆菌(Microbacterium sp.),B4为产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes sp.)。并通过研究温度、初始pH值、接种量、苯磺隆初始浓度、培养基体积、氮源、碳源、Mg²⁺浓度等因素对4种菌株生长情况的影响,确定了菌株的最佳生长条件。结果显示,B1菌株的最适温度为35℃,其他3株菌株均为30℃。菌株B3最适pH为8.0,其余3株菌株均为pH7.0。B1和B3菌株最适接种量为15%,B2和B4最适接种量为10%。菌株B3最适苯磺隆初始浓度为100mg·L^-1,其余菌株最适苯磺隆初始浓度均为200mg·L^-1。4株菌株最适培养基体积均为75mL,最适氮源均为硝酸铵,最适碳源均为葡萄糖。B2菌株最适Mg²⁺浓度为100mg·L^-1,其余3株菌株均为200mg·L^-1。B1和B4菌株最适NaCl浓度为20g·L^-1,B2菌株NaCl浓度为-30g·L^-1,B3菌株最适NaCl浓度为50g·L^-1。该结果为利用微生物对农药苯磺隆污染的土壤进行原位生物修复提供理论依据。     

石油降解菌群的构建及其对混合烃的降解特性

经富集、分离、纯化,并经选择性培养基的筛选和对总石油烃(TPH)降解能力的测试,从大庆油田石油污染土壤中获得6株分别具有环烷烃、直链烷烃和芳烃降解能力的菌株B_1、B_2、B_3、B_6、B_7和B_9。经16S r RNA基因序列比对,菌株B_1、B_2、B_6和B_7分别属于嗜氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga sp.)、苯基杆菌属(Phenylobacterium sp.)、鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium sp.)和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),B_3和B_9属于节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.)。通过对接种比例、接种量和生长条件的优化,构建了微生物降解菌群,并采用该菌群进行混合烃污染土壤的修复。结果表明,该菌群对三类烃的去除均具有明显的促进作用。经过40 d的修复,环十二烷去除率达74.5%;100 d后,正十六烷和芘的去除率分别达56.9%和60.4%。前10 d修复过程中,各污染物降解速率最大,之后则逐渐降低,与土壤微生物多样性、数量以及活性的变化趋势相似。     

1株代尔夫特菌的分离鉴定及其对水稻丁草胺药害的修复效果

通过富集培养技术，从农药厂排污口、废液池等长期受丁草胺污染的土壤中，分离到1株以丁草胺为唯一碳源生长的细菌C5；经形态学观察、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列同源性分析，鉴定为代尔夫特菌属(Delftia sp.)。菌株C5最适宜的生长条件为：pH7.0、温度30 ℃。在丁草胺初始质量浓度为20 mg/L、C5接种量为5%(OD600=1.34)时，该菌株对丁草胺的降解率达76%以上。在实验室条件下，当丁草胺质量浓度为5 mg/L，C5接菌量为10%时，出苗率达到87%，仅比空白低10%，比未加菌组高50%。株高比空白低44%，比未加菌高93%。综合分析出苗率和株高等指标，菌株C5对丁草胺造成的水稻幼苗药害的总体修复效果大于50%。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。