旱地小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的研究

为筛选旱作麦区小麦高产、优质、高效品种,在山西省闻喜县选择16个小麦品种进行田间试验,通过对产量和籽粒蛋白质含量进行聚类分析,将不同品种分为高产高蛋白、高产低蛋白、低产高蛋白、低产低蛋白4类。每类中选择2个品种进行籽粒蛋白质积累及组分差异的研究。结果表明:高产品种籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量以运旱20410、运旱805较高,低产品种以运旱618、长麦251较高。花后5~35d籽粒蛋白质含量高产品种以运旱805最高,低产品种以运旱618最高。总之,4类小麦中高产高蛋白品种运旱20410、运旱805的品质特性较高,是适宜该旱作麦区生长的高产、优质、高效品种。     

十个山西小麦品种在晋中麦区的生长发育特性及产量品质性状分析

[目的]研究10个山西小麦品种在晋中麦区的生长发育特性及产量品质性状。[方法]以5个山西南部育成的优质小麦品种晋麦54、晋麦61、晋麦72、晋麦73、晋麦79和5个山西省农科院谷子研究所育成的小麦品种长麦4640、长麦6359、长麦8302、长麦6686、长麦6135为供试材料,同时与山西农业大学育成品种山农129作比较,调查其在晋中冬麦区晚播后的植株农艺性状、籽粒产量及品质性状。[结果]长麦品种生长快,分蘖能力强,干物质积累多,抗寒性好;晋麦品种的次生根数多。10个品种的籽粒产量均低于对照,而部分品质性状优于对照。采用聚类分析将11个小麦品种进行分类,晋麦72为高蛋白(蛋白质含量≥14.00%)、高湿面筋(湿面筋含量≥32.00%)、高产(产量>6 300kg·hm~(-2))品种,晋麦79为高蛋白、高湿面筋、中产(4 050~5 000kg·hm~(-2))品种,长麦8302为高蛋白、中湿面筋(30.00%~32.00%)、中产品种,长麦6686为高蛋白、高湿面筋、低产(湿面筋含量<2 500kg·hm~(-2))品种,晋麦54为高蛋白、低湿面筋(湿面筋含量<30.00%)、中产品种,山农129为中蛋白(13.20%~14.00%)、低湿面筋、高产品种,长麦6359和晋麦61为中等蛋白、低湿面筋、低产品种,长麦6135和晋麦73为低蛋白(蛋白质含量<13.20%)、低湿面筋、中产品种,长麦4640为低蛋白、低湿面筋、低产品种。[结论]晋麦72、晋麦79、长麦8302可以针对性提高山西晋中地区小麦植株的生态适应性及籽粒的品质性状。     

优质专用小麦配套栽培技术

小麦籽粒品质除受遗传因素影响外 ,还受土壤、气候、栽培以及收获、贮藏等诸多因素的影响。有了优质品种 ,但不一定能生产出优质产品来 ,还要根据当地的各种自然因素将不同品种合理布局 ,并根据品种特性和优质生产的要求实施与之相配套的优质栽培技术 ,实现优质高产。根据试验研究和多年生产实践 ,将优质专用小麦配套栽培技术总结如下。1　选用优质高产品种 ,并按品种的优质类型合理布局在品种选用上 ,水肥区和旱肥地可选择高蛋白的强筋型品种如小偃 5 4、豫麦 34号、豫麦 47号、郑麦 90 2 3等 ;沙土和偏沙性土壤区可选择低蛋白的弱筋型品种…     

优质小麦高产栽培技术要点

1选用优质高产品种 从我市多年生产示范看,适合我地种植的优质品种有:弱冬性品种可选用皖麦38;半冬性品种可选用新麦18,烟农19,周麦12等;弱春性品种可选用郑州9023,豫麦70等.     

张家港地区小麦优质高产抗逆品种筛选试验

通过不同小麦品种的比较试验,筛选出适宜张家港地区生态环境条件的优质、高产、抗逆小麦优良品种。结果表明,扬麦23、扬麦25、镇麦12号等品种产量较高,抗性较强,综合表现优良,可以在张家港地区大面积推广种植。     

鄂尔多斯地区藜麦引种试验初报

<正>藜麦原产自南美洲安第斯山脉,喜欢生长在高海拔冷凉地区。藜麦分类属藜科,是优质高蛋白碱性食物,低糖低脂,胆固醇为0,不含麸质,高膳食纤维,且具有营养活性因子,蛋白质含量高达14%~22%,品质与奶粉、肉类相当,富含多种氨基酸,其中有人体必需的9种氨基酸,比例完美易于吸收,尤其富含植物中缺乏的赖氨酸,是一种适宜人类的全营养食品。2015年,内蒙古鄂尔多斯市农牧业科学研究院引进几个藜麦品种进行     

不同肥密对优质春小麦龙麦35和龙麦36产量和品质影响初报

高产优质春小麦新品种龙麦35和龙麦36均为黑龙江省农科院育成的高产优质春小麦品种,为探索其品种在丰年气候条件下的适应性,及不同肥密条件下产量和品质的变化规律,2015年度进行了此项研究试验。通过在本区域丰年气候条件下进行不同肥密与龙麦35、龙麦36产量和品质关系的研究,初步探索出高产优质春小麦龙麦35和龙麦36在丰年的增产潜力和不同肥密对品质的影响规律,通过此项研究为其品种在本区域推广应用提供了依据。     

我省优质专用小麦生产表现及其栽培技术关键

本文概述了安徽省优质专用小麦品种的选育现状，报道了目前主产麦区推广优质专用小麦品种的产量，品质表现，着重分析了各地气候、土壤、耕作制度及肥、水等栽培条件对优质品种在品质形成中的影响，提出了如何生产优质商品麦的栽培技术关键。     

优质高油大豆、高蛋白大豆栽培技术

要生产出优质大豆,除了选择优质品种外,还要满足优质大豆生长所需的栽培条件。文章介绍了优质高油大豆、高蛋白大豆的栽培技术。     

小麦与玉米、早稻间作套种模式高效栽培

一、优质品种选择依据品种生育特性和生育期,选用适宜当地生态条件且具较好市场效益的优质品种。优质专用小麦品种在河南北中部地区宜采用小偃54、豫麦34、豫麦47等强筋粉品种,豫南淮河流域采用豫麦50等适合制作饼干、糕点的品种;玉米品种宜采用大穗型品种如农大108、3138,豫玉22,登海9519等;旱稻品种采用以中旱3号,郑旱3号,辽旱101为主的耐旱性强的高产品种。     

The Application of Somaclonal Variation in Early Maturity,High Yield and High Quality Improvement in Wheat

Yield characters,maturity and grain protein content of somaclones derived both form immature embryo of cultivar 77(2)-Spring and single-cell culture of cultivar NE7742 in vitro were studied and the wide variatioin was found.Soaclones with maturity 8 days earlier than or the same as CK NE 7742(high yield,early maturity and high quality),combining with high quality(grain protein content 15.5%-18%)and high yield(the same as 7724 or higher)have been found and selected and now multiplied for 8 generations.The results of cultivar comparison trial in 1995 showed that several somaclones(the yields were significantly higher than CK DN 120) could be used directly in wheat production.The studies confirmed that somaclonal variation is one of the effective ways for early maturity,high-yielding and high-quality improvement in wheat.     

硫肥施用方式对冬小麦灌浆期籽粒蛋白含量动态的影响

[目的]为冬小麦品质改良和优质高效栽培提供理论依据。[方法]在大田条件下,研究2种硫肥施用方式对冬小麦中筋力型品种豫麦49和强筋力型品种豫麦66灌浆期籽粒蛋白质含量和麦谷蛋白含量影响。[结果]施用硫肥能提高2种筋力型冬小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量和麦谷蛋白含量,尤其对中筋型小麦品种豫麦49效果更明显。[结论]针对不同筋力型品种,结合不同要求,采取合理硫肥施用技术可以起到提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和麦谷蛋白含量的作用。     

“协调型”小麦新品种川农17的高产纪录

2002～2003年在四川省彭山县示范种植了400多公顷川农17等协调型小麦新品种,普遍反映该新品种高抗条锈病、白粉病、中抗赤霉病,抗倒伏,穗数与穗重协调,成熟时仍保持了较多的绿色叶片,出现了较多的高产田块。经验收,实收产量最高的田块产量达9712 5kg/hm2,据记载,这是迄今成都平原上的小麦高产新纪录。高产栽培的基本经验是降低基本苗数量,施足底肥,适当追肥,抽穗后保持田间不干旱。     

Accumulation of Protein Fractions during Grain Filling of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Protein Content and Baking Quality

The accumulation of protein fractions was analyzed on developing and mature wheat grains of three cultivars differing in protein content and baking quality. There was a slight difference in the accumulation of cytoplasmic proteins in the cultivars used. The high yield but low protein cultivar showed a consistent decline of protein content during grain filling but the high - protein cultivars increased their psotein contant after 25 days post-anthcsis. The accumulation of storage proteins was different from that of cytoplasmic protein, and there were also cultivar variations. However, all cultivars reached their, maximum-synthesizing capacity for storage proteins at maturity. The relationship between the protein fractions or their ratio and baking quality was also discussed.     

Effects of zinc fertilizer and short-term high temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins

Content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour.Zinc nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour.The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain filling while under high temperature stress(HTS)are major problems in the production of high quality wheat.At present,there is a lack of studies on zinc fertilizer and HTS effects on wheat flour protein and the content of its components.For this study,treatment combinations of four levels of zinc fertilizers and exposure to a short-term HTS,at 20 d after flowering(D20),were tested on two wheat cultivars with different gluten levels.Individuals of a strong gluten wheat,Gaoyou 2018(GY2018),and a medium gluten wheat,Zhongmai 8(ZM8),were grown in pots at the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing in 2015–2017.We measured grain yield and weight and the activities of two enzymes(nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase)from the flag leaves,collected at D10 and D20.Total protein content,protein yield,and content of four protein components(albumin,gliadin,glutenin,and globulin)were measured from flour produced from the pot-grown plants.HTS significantly increased the contents of total protein,albumin,gliadin,and glutenin in wheat grains,and reduced the grain yield,grain weight,protein yield,globulin content,and flag leaf nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)activities.The results showed that HTS and zinc fertilizer had greater impacts on the strong gluten cultivar compared to the medium gluten cultivar.Under HTS,grain yield decreased by 13 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8,respectively;protein yield decreased by 7 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8,respectively.Zinc fertilizer increased:grain and protein yields;grain weight;total protein,albumin,gliadin,and glutenin contents;protein yield;and NR and GS activities.In contrast,zinc fertilizer reduced the content of globulin.The addition of 15 mg Znsoil had the strongest effect on grain yield and quality as compared to the other three treatments(additions of 0,30,and 45 mg Znsoil).Zinc fertilizer also reduced the negative effects of HTS on protein yield,content,and components’content.Therefore,wheat grown with additional zinc in the soil can improve the quality of the flour.     

播种密度对"协调型"小麦新品种川农18的产量效应

经过两年的试验表明:小麦新品种"川农18"在高产栽培中,产量潜力比川麦28更高,增产的主要原因是单位面积的有效穗突破了四川现有品种的上限,致使生物产量较高。川农18单位面积有效穗较高的原因,除了较强的分蘖能力外,主要在于它有更高的分蘖成穗率。本研究指出,不同的播种密度对川农18最高苗影响较大,对成穗数和叶面积指数有所影响,但对产量影响不大。与对照相比,川农18有较强的群体协调能力,在不同的播种密度情况下,均比对照的田间群体结构好,叶面积系数合理,剑叶质量较好,倒伏较少,穗数和穗重的互补能力强,更容易发挥高产潜力。川农18的分蘖力强,成穗率高,单穗重和单株生产潜力高的特点满足了现代"小麦精密播种栽培技术"对品种特性的要求,有利于在我国南方麦区建立新的小麦栽培模式。作者建议:在川农18高产栽培中,可根据实际情况,适当减少播种量(50～100kg/hm2),以充分利用分蘖成穗达到高产稳产、节支增收的目的。     

抗锈春小麦新品种定丰17号选育报告

春小麦新品种定丰17号(原代号200311-9)由定西市农业科学研究院2002年利用自育品系核1作母本、CMS858作父本选育而成。2013年在甘肃省东片春小麦生产试验中,平均折合产量5 176.5 kg/hm~2,较对照品种陇春23号增产7.52%。籽粒含粗蛋白16.41%、湿面筋34.8%,沉降值37.5 m L,降落值160 s,属中筋优质春小麦。中抗条锈病,高抗白粉病,抗青秕。适宜在甘肃省的定西、临夏州、甘南州、白银、兰州等海拔1 700~2 200 m、年降水量400 mm以上生态条件相似的地区种植。     

密度对扬麦9号和扬麦12号产量与籽粒品质及群体品质与个体株型指标的影响

通过密度试验,初步明确弱筋小麦扬麦9号和中筋小麦扬麦12号优质高产的群体与个体品质指标,并比较密度对其的调控效应。结果表明：①弱筋小麦扬麦9号以较高密度的基本苗（240万/hm）可建立合理的优质高产群体结构及个体株型指标,协调群体与个体发展的矛盾;中筋小麦扬麦12号以较低密度的基本苗（150万hm）可建立优质高产群体结构及个体株型指标。②弱筋小麦扬麦9号以较高密度建立的优质高产群体及个体株型指标中,孕穗后各时期干物质量、花后干物质量总积累量、成穗数、株高构成指数、穗下节间/节间总长、（穗下节间+穗长）/株高均低于中筋小麦扬麦12号以较低密度建立的优质高产群体;但其高峰苗、花后叶面积指数下降速度却明显大于优质高产中筋小麦扬麦12号的相应指标。     

一种检测荷载pGMCSF-SS质粒的减毒沙门氏菌数的方法学研究

为了研究小麦育种的高产途径,此试验以大穗型(01-35),中间型(62008,4133-2)和多穗型(02-48)高产小麦品种为实验材料,在大田条件下,研究了小麦植株和籽粒可溶性糖含量变化及干物质积累动态。结果表明:不同类型的品种植株、籽粒可溶性糖含量变化与其地上部分及籽粒干物质积累速率和积累总量有密切关系。就群体而言,多穗型品种地上部分干物质积累量最多,产量也最高,中间型次之,大穗型最低。大穗型品种具有较强的营养物质外运能力,其千粒重最高,多穗型次之,中间型最低。充分协调源库流的关系,选育出大穗型和多穗型相结合的、综合农艺性状更佳的品种,将实现小麦高产、优质、高效的育种目标,从而更好地服务于大田生产。     

Fertilization Management for Improving Quality Properties of Spring Wheat in Northeast China

Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention in Northeast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of spring wheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilization consistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPK treatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP at seeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highest protein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizer treatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased glutenins content, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilization on kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties were not strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest bread volume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantly increased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.