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1.
[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.  相似文献   

2.
[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.  相似文献   

3.
[Objective] The research aimed to study the antibacterial action of Mentha spicata Linn extract in vitro.[Method] The cylinder-plate method was used to measure the inhibitory zone size of Mentha spicata Linn extract.The test-tube double dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of Mentha spicata Linn extract on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria,which could determine the antibacterial effect.[Result] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the different antibacterial effects on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria.Especially the inhibition effect on the pig staphylococcus was comparatively obvious.MIC of Mentha spicata Linn decoction I,alcohol extract III,volatile oil V and volatile oil VI were respectively 31.25,62.5,2.32 and 2.31 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the certain antibacterial effect in vitro,and the extracts which were gained by the different extraction methods had the different inhibition effects on the experimental bacteria.  相似文献   

4.
The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis (Henna plant). Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts in various concentrations were obtained by maceration (cold method). The extracts were bioassay in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed anti fungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichiafabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum mould concentration (MMC) of the extracts was determined. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of the Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese henna as antifungal agents is recommended.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide(SF-CO 2) for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.  相似文献   

6.
The antioxidant activities and the total phenolic contents of the water and/or ethanol extracts of the nine selected culinary spices from China were systematically investigated. Both ethanol extracts and water extracts had high ability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging, 2, 2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP). The ethanol extract of Sichuan pepper showed the highest ability of DPPH radical scavenging. The extract with the highest ABTS radical scavenging effect was that of ethanol extract of cinnamon. Both ethanol and water extracts of cinnamon possessed the high ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) with the values of 4 541.87 and 1 134.52 μmol of Fe(Ⅱ)/g. The extracts with high hydroxyl radical-mediated deoxyribose degradation were all the ethanol extracts as follows: cinnamon, bay leaf, Sichuan pepper, star anise and fennel. The extracts with high antioxidant activities also had the high contents of the phenols. The study indicated that these spices might be potentially be used as natural antioxidants in food.  相似文献   

7.
番茄内生细菌的分离及其促生活性研究(英文)   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants.[Method]The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of tomato plants were analyzed for the effects of their growth-promoting activities on the germination and growth of tomato plants.The bacteria with growth-promoting activity were preliminarily identified.[Result]Totally 59 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from roots and stems of tomatoes,of which 4 showed significantly growth-promoting activity to germination and growth of tomato.The results suggest that these strains are endowed with the potential capability of growth-promoting.[Conclusion]The endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting activity were found among the isolates from tomato plants.This provided a good foundation for utilization of these bacteria with growth-promoting activity.  相似文献   

8.
番茄内生细菌的分离及其促生活性研究(英文)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants.[Method]The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of tomato plants were analyzed for the effects of their growth-promoting activities on the germination and growth of tomato plants.The bacteria with growth-promoting activity were preliminarily identified.[Result]Totally 59 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from roots and stems of tomatoes,of which 4 showed significantly growth-promoting activity to germination and growth of tomato.The results suggest that these strains are endowed with the potential capability of growth-promoting.[Conclusion]The endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting activity were found among the isolates from tomato plants.This provided a good foundation for utilization of these bacteria with growth-promoting activity.  相似文献   

9.
茄类内生菌的分离及拮抗细菌的筛选(英文)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[Objective] The aim of this study was to isolate the endophyte of three solanaceae fruits and vegetables such as tomato, pepper and eggplant, to screen and identify the bacterial wilt antagonistic bacteria. [Method] According to the lapping liquid culture method, the endophyte of three plants was isolated by the selective medium and purified by the plate streaking method, so the purified endophyte was screened by the hyphal pieces confront culture method. Furthermore, the screened antagonistic and endophyteic bacteria was identified and classified through culture characteristics of isolates and morphological features of thallus, Gram stain as well as physiological and biochemical reactions. [Result] Fifty-three endophytic bacteria, fifty-three endophytic fungi and forty-four endophytic actinomycetes were separated from the endophyte of three plants. The screened fourteen endophytic bacteria with strong antagonistic effect on the bacterial wilt were classified to Bacillus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Agromonas, Erwinia and Curto Bacterium respectively. Especially, Bacillus was the dominant species, which had the strongest antagonistic effect on the bacterial wilt. [Conclusion] This study provides an effective way for biological control of the bacterial wilt in solanaceae.  相似文献   

10.
Black carrots (Daucus earota L. spp. sativus. ) were fermented for 4 weeks by using six different starter dough formulations. Some of the samples were pasteurized to detemaine the effects of heat treatment on fermentation. Fermentation was followed by physicochemical and microbiological analysis. Some characteristics such as dry matter, crude fiber, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, crude energy, total sugar, pH, salt and colour values and mineral contents of black carrot were determined. In the beginning of the fermentation, dry matter is highest in the brines with coriandrium and dry matter of the other brines are close to each other and lower than that of the brines with coriander. The number of Lactic acid bacteria, total bacteria, moulds-yeasts and coliform bacteria decreased through the end of fermentation. Heat treatment had a considerable effect on microbial growth. The microbial growth was higher in the nnpastenrized samples. Total bacteria number reached the highest level for the pasteurized samples ( 104 cfu/mL - 105 cfu/mL ) and for the unpasteurized samples (106 cfu/mL - 107 cfu/mL) in the second day. After the fermentation, sensory analyses were carried out to determine the storage stability of the last products. While "a" value increased, "b" and "L" values decreased during storage time. Yoghurt inoculated brine were preferred from the colour, odour and acceptability points of view.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]为研制高效、低毒、低残留的新型杀菌剂提供理论依据。[方法]采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法,分别以水稻纹枯病菌等6种植物病原真菌和大肠杆菌等3种病原细菌为供试菌种,对苍耳各器官(根、茎、叶、果)提取液、植物内生真菌MG4-23的发酵液及菌丝体提取液进行抑菌活性测定。[结果]苍耳各器官提取液、植物内生真菌发酵液及菌丝体提取液均有抑菌作用。苍耳的丙酮提取液抑菌活性要好于乙醇提取液。苍耳中抑菌活性最高的器官是叶,对6种供试病原真菌的抑制率均在47.8%以上,对3种病原细菌的抑制直径均在0.5 cm以上。植物内生真菌发酵液的抑菌活性也很明显,对6种供试病原真菌的抑制率均在68.1%以上,对3种病原细菌也具有抑制性。苍耳根和植物内生真菌菌丝体提取液的抑菌活性也较明显。[结论]苍耳和植物内生真菌MG4-23均具有较大的开发利用价值。  相似文献   

12.
6种植物提取物的抑菌活性研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
[目的]研究大蒜、石榴、苍耳等6种植物提取物对几种常见蔬菜病害病原菌的抑制作用。[方法]采用生长速率法测定6种植物丙酮抽提物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果,并进一步开展大蒜粉、苍耳提取物防治番茄早疫病的田间试验。[结果]大蒜、石榴提取物对多种植物病原菌的菌丝都有明显的抑制作用;苍耳次之;辣椒提取物主要抑制黄瓜炭疽病菌和番茄早疫病菌;蒲公英提取物主要对黄瓜炭疽病有抑制作用;侧柏叶对黄瓜白粉病菌的抑制率较高。1.5%大蒜粉防治番茄早疫病效果较好,防效均在95%以上;其中,以2 000倍效果最佳,对成株期番茄早疫病的防治效果达99.40%。[结论]6种植物提取物中,大蒜提取物的抑菌活性最强,1.5%大蒜素粉剂对番茄早疫病的防治效果最佳。  相似文献   

13.
[目的]研究白术和白头翁2种中药提取物的杀菌活性,为其在植物源农药上的开发利用奠定基础。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,研究了白术和白头翁2种植物提取物对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抗菌活性。[结果]供试2种中药提取物对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌均具有较好的抗菌活性,其中白头翁提取物的抗菌活性最好,72h白头翁正丁醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率达80.25%;白术石油醚提取物对番茄灰霉病菌的抗菌活性较好,EC50为5.31mg/ml,白头翁正丁醇提取物的抗菌活性较强,EC50为2.93mg/ml。[结论]白头翁提取物对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑制活性较好,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

14.
毕亚玲  王渡  黄保宏  张文同  张轶辉 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(25):15309-15310,15313
[目的]研究白术和白头翁2种中药提取物的杀菌活性,为其在植物源农药上的开发利用奠定基础。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,研究了白术和白头翁2种植物提取物对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抗菌活性。[结果]供试2种中药提取物对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌均具有较好的抗菌活性,其中白头翁提取物的抗菌活性最好,在供试提取物质量吸度为10 mg/ml时,72 h白头翁正丁醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率达80.25%,白术石油醚提取物对番茄灰霉病菌的抗菌活性较好,抑制率为71.36%,且提取物的抗菌活性随着吸度的增大而增强,白头翁正丁醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌的EC50为2.93 mg/ml,白术石油醚提取物对番茄灰霉病菌的EC50为5.31 mg/ml。[结论]白头翁提取物对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑制活性较好,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

15.
火棘内生真菌的分离及抑菌活性测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从蔷薇科植物火棘的茎、叶、果中分离出内生真菌15株,其中茎中分离到4株(J1~J4),叶中分离到8株(Y1~Y8),果实中分离到3株(G1~G3);分别测定15株内生真菌的液体培养物(发酵液和菌丝体混合物)对9种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,有13株内生真菌(86.67%)对某些植物病原真菌表现出50%以上的抑菌活性,其中J4菌株对9种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性都在50%以上,最高可达97.14%,其抗菌谱较广,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

16.
毕江涛  潘星  黄盼盼  马飞  关晓庆 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(32):15651-15654,15658
[目的]研究药用植物马蔺内生真菌资源的多样性及其抑菌活性特征。[方法]通过组织块法对内生真菌进行分离,并选择小麦全蚀病菌、枸杞黑果病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌和黄瓜立枯病菌5种植物病原真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌4种细菌作为指示菌,采用对峙法和改进的菌块法测定抑菌活性。[结果]从马蔺不同组织器官中分离出32株内生真菌,以根部的最多,茎叶次之;经形态学初步分类鉴定其属于3个目,3个科,4个属。其中,有22株内生真菌对2种或2种以上的植物病原真菌指示菌有不同程度的抑制作用,占菌株总数的68.8%;有12株内生真菌对2种或2种以上的供试细菌指示菌具有不同程度的抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的37.5%;有7株内生真菌对3种以上的植物病原真菌指示菌具有明显的抑制作用,占菌株总数的21.9%;有2株内生真菌对2种供试细菌指示菌有明显的抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的6.3%。马蔺内生真菌对供试植物病原真菌指示菌和供试细菌指示菌有明显抑制作用,且抑制植物病原真菌的范围较宽;2株高活性菌株来源于马蔺叶部,对5种供试真菌指示菌具有明显抑制作用;2株高活性菌株来源于马蔺根部,对2种供试细菌指示菌具有明显抑制作用;1株高活性菌株对4种供试真菌指示菌和1种供试细菌指示菌有明显抑制作用。这5株高活性内生真菌菌株属于束丝菌属、镰孢霉属、梭孢霉属和组丝核菌属。[结论]药用植物马蔺具有丰富的内生真菌资源,并具有明显的抑菌活性。  相似文献   

17.
连翘内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用PDA培养基从连翘茎、叶中分离到19株内生真菌,对其分别进行液体培养,将发酵产物中的发酵液用高压蒸汽湿热灭菌,菌丝体晾干研磨后用丙酮提取。用发酵处理液和丙酮粗提物采用生长速率法对一些植物病原菌进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明:抑菌率在50%以上的活性菌株,发酵液组中有1株(5.26%),菌丝体组中有13株(81.25%),表明其抑菌活性成分主要为胞内代谢产物(存在于菌丝体粗提物中)。筛选出2株抗菌谱较广的内生真菌(J4和J8),其中J8对9种病原真菌抑菌活性较强,J4对6种病原真菌抑菌活性较强。  相似文献   

18.
田小曼  许蒙 《西北农业学报》2011,20(11):183-187
采用常规方法从南蛇藤的叶与果实中分离得到21株内生真菌,以PDB培养基对其进行液体培养,用高压蒸汽灭菌过的发酵处理液和丙酮粗提物对小麦赤霉菌、棉花枯萎菌、番茄叶霉菌等8种病原菌进行抑菌活性测定.结果表明,抑菌活性成分主要存在于丙酮粗提物中.筛选出1株抗菌谱较广的内生真菌Y9,其对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、苹果褐腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌 6种病原菌有较好抑菌活性.  相似文献   

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