Effects of Mg on C and N Metabolism of Soybean at Different Nitrogen Supplying Levels

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of magnesium on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of soybean at different nitrogen supplying levels. The results showed that the effects of magnesium at low nitrogen rate on N content, soluble protein, soluble sugar contents were not alike at different growth stage, although nodule dry weights raised, the yield and protein content of seeds decreased, however, the oil content was improved. The application of magnesium at medium and high nitrogen supplying levels promoted the uptake of N effectively, increased the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents, but the nodule dry weights of application magnesium at medium nitrogen supplying level decreased and the yield increased only a little despite the improved quality. Application of magnesium at high nitrogen supplying level raised nodule dry weights and soybean yield significantly, the quality of seeds was also improved.     

Effect of Different Factors on Rooting Characteristics and Survival of Lonicera japonica Thunb

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of different factors on rapid propagation and seedling survival of Lonicera japonica Thunb. [Method] The cuttings of 1, 2 or 3 years old, with different length, were soaked in different hormones at different concentrations for different time and planted at different dates. Finally, their rooting rate and survival rate in different treatments were measured and compared. [Result] The rooting rate and survival rate of one-year old cuttings with length of 10-13 cm and planted on September 20 and October 20, 2012 were relatively higher among all the treatments. Hormone treatment could significantly promote the callus formation and accelerate the rooting of the cuttings, and improve their survival rate. The cuttings treated with 120-200 mg/L ABT1 or NAA for 35-45 min had higher rooting rate and survival rate. Among them, the survival rate of cuttings treated with 160 mg/L ABT1 for 35 min was the highest, up to 92.5%. [Conclusion] The study provided basis for improving the survival rate of L. japonica by cuttage, and for optimizing the rapid propagation technique.     

悬铃木硬枝扦插年龄效应及对α-NAA处理的响应

采集悬铃木不同年龄母树的一年生硬枝进行扦插试验,扦插前用质量分数为0.01和0.05的α-NAA处理2 h,清水为对照,测定POD、PPO、IAAO活力及C/N,探讨其与插穗生根的关系.结果表明:悬铃木硬枝扦插中存在年龄效应;α-NAA能够扭转这种年龄效应、提高多年生插穗的生根能力;随着母树年龄的增加,硬枝插穗中的POD、PPO、IAAO活力及可溶性糖含量、C/N值均呈下降趋势,插穗内可溶性糖含量、C/N值与插穗生根率正相关;三种氧化酶活性呈现规律性变化,不同处理间和各生根阶段3种酶活性呈现差异性,说明在悬铃木扦插生根过程中,不定根的发生发展与3种酶活性有密切联系.

Abstract：

A cutting experiment was done with hardwood cuttings from mother plants of different ages and treated with different concentrations (100 and 500mg/L) of α-NAA for two hours. The activities of POD,PPO and IAAO and the C/N ratio were determined, and their relationship with rooting rate was discussed.The results showed that an age-effect existed in the rooting of hardwood-cuttings of P. orientali; α-NAA could offset the "age-effect" and promote rooting rate of aging mother plants; the activities of POD, PPO and IAAO, soluble sugar content and C/N in the hardwood decreased with increasing age of the mother plant; soluble sugar content and C/N were in significant positive correlation with rooting rate; differences were observed among all the treatments and rooting stages. The above results suggested that the activity of the 3 oxidases studied were closely related to the rooting process of the cuttings of P. orientali.     

Sugar and Acid Content and Their Genotypic Correlations of Unselected P. persica x p. davidiana Progenies as Affected by Hairness and Flesh Color

Fruit sugar and acid content were determined in a group of hybrids from one family,including 22 peach and 85 nectarine genotypes, or 75 white-fleshed and 32 yellow-fleshed genotypes. Sucrose accounted for about 65% of the total sugar, and malate for about 50% of the total acid. Mean sucrose, fructose, sorbitol, total sugar, soluble solid and quinate content were significantly higher in nectarines than in peaches, while no significant difference was found in mean malate, citrate and total acid content between nectarines and peaches. Shikimate content was very low and ranged from 0.011-0.046 meq 100 g^-1 FW in all genotypes studied. Flesh color did not affect sugar and acid content.Glucose and fructose had a close positive correlation (r=0.63***). Malate had positive correlations with sucrose, sorbitol, total sugar and soluble solid content. The correlation between citrate and sugars were not significant. Glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malatecontent seemed to be higher in late-maturing genotypes. Sucrose, total sugar and total acid content had a parabolic relationship with developmental period (from full blooming date to maturity date).     

不同药剂处理对受寒害木薯出苗生长的影响(英文)

The rooting and growth of frozen cassava under different chemical treatments were studied.The result has demonstrated that disinfection effect could increase rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of cassava seed stem and decrease the rate of mildew.The sportak treatment could generate better effect(rooting rate and seedling emergence rate were 63%,the mildew rate of stem was 28%).Among different rooting reagents,Genwang+lime treatment generated better effect on rooting rate and emergence rate of frozen cassava than these of other groups and control group.It was concluded from the effects of different rooting reagents on growth of seed stem that Genwang+lime treatment could promote elongation and growth of cassava significantly(the mean plant height of experimental groups inceased 8.58 cm compared with that of control group) while paclobutrazol+lime generated the best effect on crassation of stem(the stem diameter of experimental group increased 0.4 cm compared with that of control group).     

Study on Accumulation Rule of Carbohydrates in Soybean （Glycine max（L.） Merrill）

Three soybean cultivars, Hefeng25 （HF25）, Suinongl4 （SN14） and Longxuanl （LX1） were used as materials and the accumulation features of carbohydrates were studied in leaves and stems. The results showed that the soluble sugar content in leaves and stems appeared the same trend of higher-lower-higher in three varieties. The changes of sucrose content in leaves appeared the same rule with that of soluble sugar, that is higher-lower-higher, while presented a rising trend in stems. The content of starch in leaves varied as a change of double apexes. The content of starch in stems appeared a change of single apex. In the same stage, there were some differences among carbohydrates. The content of soluble sugar and sucrose in SN14 was higher, and the starch content was lower.     

冬凤兰非共生萌发和低温离体保存（英文）

[Objective] The aim of the research was to establish asymbiotic germination and low-temperature in vitro conservation technique system of Cymbidium dayanum by using plant tissue culture technique to realize its rapid propagation and long-term conservation in vitro.[Method] With mature seeds of C.dayanum as explants,different media were selected to establish asymbiotic germination technique system.With protocorms as materials,conservation,resumptive proliferation and plant regeneration conditions were selected to establish low-temperature in vitro conservation technique system preliminarily.[Result] Mature seeds of C.dayanum could germinate after cultured 90 days on MS media as well as "Hyponex 1" media.The germination rate reached more than 98%.Protocorms inoculated in "Hyponex 1" media could be conserved continuously at 5 ℃ in dark for more than 18 months and the survival rate could reach 90%.Conserved protocorms could realize resumptive proliferation culture both on 1/2 MS and "Hyponex 1" media.The seedling-strengthening and rooting media were 1/2 MS media.[Conclusion] This research provided practical basis for in vitro conservation and rapid propagation of C.dayanum germplasm resource.     

不同氮素籽粒生产效率类型籼稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to confirm difference of nitrogen uptake and used efficiency with different nitrogen use efficiency for grain output (NUEg) types of indica rice.[Method] 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Dry matter weight (including root system, culm and sheath, leaves, panicle), nitrogen content of different organs, yield and its components were measured. The tested rice cultivars were classified into 6 types (i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F, A was the lowest, and F was the highest) based on their NUEg level by the MinSSw method.[Result](1)Difference of NUEg of the cultivars used in this study were very large; (2) No significant difference of N content at heading stage was observed among different NUEg types of indica rice. In the cultivars with higher NUEg, however, N content in leaf, stem-sheath and entire rice plant were lower at mature stage. (3)Cultivars with higher NUEg were characterized with lower N uptake before heading and at mature stage; (4) Cultivars with higher NUEg were characterized with higher N use efficiency in biomass production and harvest index. [Conclusion] The cultivars with higher NUEg showed lower N uptake and N content, while nitrogen use efficiency was higher.     

Regulation of sucrose synthase activity and sugar yield by nitrogen in sugar beet

The content of sugar is influenced by sucrose synthase (SS) activity in roots. The effects of nitrogen level in the amino- nitrate ratio on SS activity of leaves and roots, roots yield and sugar content in sugar beet were studied in the field experiment by nutrient solution culture. The results showed that SS activity in leaves was lower than that in roots. With nitrogen level increasing, SS decomposition activity enhanced, and synthesis activity reduced. SS activity was regulated by different nitrogen forms and the ratio of NO3– and NH4 . SS synthesis activity was enhanced as NH4 increasing when NO3–: NH4 ≥1, and it decreased as increasing NH4 when NO3–: NH4 ≤1, and it was the highest when NO3–: NH4 =1. SS decomposition activity was enhanced as NO3– increasing. Sucrose content in root was lowed as nitrogen level increasing, but it was enhanced as NH4 increasing in the same nitrogen level. Root and sugar yield were the highest in the medium nitrogen level and NO3–: NH4 =1. The result in field experiment corresponded with that in the nutrient fluid culture. It provides a basis for using reasonably nitrogen fertilizer in sugar beet production.     

Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Storage and Remobilization During Grain Filling as Affected by Sulphur Application in Winter Wheat

Photosynthesis and carbohydrate storage and remobilization was investigated during grain filling of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Lumai 22) in sulphur application experiments where the available sulphur (S) content in the soil of 0-20 cm soil layer was 5.84 mg kg^-1. Two levels of S were applied as S0 (0 kg S ha^-1) and S1 (67.5 kg S ha^-1). The results showed that net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of S1 treatment was significantly higher than S0 treatment, and it increased gradually from anthesis to 35 DAA. Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and sucrose content of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. The contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, DP3 and DP≥4 fructan in stem and sheath of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment also. The amount of total soluble sugar and fructans remobilization from stem and sheath and the starch accumulating rate in grain of S1 treatment was significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. It is suggested that sulphur application increase photosynthate remobilization from stem and sheath to grain at later filling stage.     

饲草玉米扦插繁殖技术初探

[目的]为饲草SAUMZ1的扦插繁殖提供技术指导。[方法]研究了饲草玉米不同茎秆部位及不同茎节数所制作的插穗扦插繁殖的成活情况以及插穗生长的营养基础。[结果]嫩茎插穗的成活率最高;老茎杆下部和嫩茎插穗的生根率、发芽率及可溶性糖含量均较高;含2个节的插穗生根率、成活率均高于1个节的;嫩茎和第2年植株各茎段插穗的总氮含量较高;可溶性糖含量与发芽率呈正相关;总氮含量与生根率、发芽率相关不显著。[结论]成活率和发芽率最高的扦插材料为嫩茎插穗。     

叶片数量对欧李嫩枝扦插成活与生长的影响

[目的]探究欧李带叶嫩枝扦插繁殖机理，以促进欧李扦插繁殖在生产中的应用。[方法]以山西农业大学欧李4号品种为试材，在嫩枝插奈上设不同数量的完整叶片以及同数量的半叶处理，研究不同留叶量的欧李插条生根、萌芽及生长情况。[结果]试验得出，欧李无叶嫩枝插条不生根。在插条留1～3片叶的情况下，随着叶片数量的增加，生根率、萌芽率、成活率和新根数量在增加；其中，留半叶3片的生根率、成活率最高，3片叶的萌芽率最高。扦插后10～13d萌芽速率最快，在13～17d时萌芽速率减缓，有利于成活率的提高。插条的叶片数量对后期新梢的生长影响较小。[结论]欧李嫩枝扦插应留有一定数量的叶片，以保证插条的生根和萌芽；并在合适的留叶数量时，选择半叶处理比全叶处理能减少水分损失，从而提高成活率。     

白皮松插穗生根的生理生化基础研究

作者分别于 2 0 0 0年 3月、6月、7月在北京市十三陵林场苗圃 ,选不同年龄的白皮松母树 ,以 1年生硬枝和嫩枝为试材进行扦插试验 ,研究了白皮松插穗生根的生理生化基础 .采用高效液相色谱法测定插穗内源激素 (IAA、ABA、GA3和ZT)和酚类化合物的含量 ,硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定总糖和凯式定氮法测定总氮含量 .结果表明 :在同一扦插时期 ,采自不同年龄母树的插穗中 ,IAA、ZT、GA3、总糖、酚类化合物的含量及IAA ABA、IAA ZT的比值均与其生根率呈正相关关系 ;而在不同扦插时期 ,采自同龄母树的插穗中只有总糖、IAA ABA、总糖 总氮的比值与其生根率呈正相关关系 ,其它内含物却与其生根率呈负相关关系 .由此可见 ,单一的某种激素、酚类化合物对白皮松插穗生根没有明显的影响 ;白皮松插穗能否生根主要受IAA ABA和总糖 总氮比值的调控 ,比值越大 ,其插穗生根率越高     

稀土浸种对不同水分条件下苦荞种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响（英文）

[目的]研究稀土浸种对不同水分条件下苦荞种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。[方法]以＂黑丰一号＂苦荞为试验材料,采用水培实验培养幼苗,取样测定各项指标。[结果]①在正常水分条件下,适宜浓度的稀土浸种能够提高苦荞种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和萌发指数;同时苦荞幼苗的叶面积、茎粗、总根长、根重、叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD和POD活性以及根系活力均显著高出对照（蒸馏水浸种）,而叶片相对电导率和MDA含量明显下降;②与正常灌水相比较,当苦荞遭受干旱胁迫后,其种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发指数以及幼苗的叶面积、茎粗、总根长、根重、叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD和POD活性、根系活力均有所下降,而叶片相对电导率和MDA含量有所提高,而且胁迫越深,其变化幅度越大但是在同一水分梯度下,采用不同的浸种物质浸种,其变化幅度有所不同,稀土浸种能降低其变化幅度。③在干旱条件下,采用200 mg/L的稀土浸种与蒸馏水浸种能够极显著提高苦荞幼苗的SOD、POD活性、叶面积、总根长、叶绿素含量、根系活力;在中度干旱和重度干旱下分别可使叶片相对含水量提高8.9%和10.8%,脯氨酸含量提高7.5%和8.2%,根系活力提高13.8%和16.7%,可溶性糖含量提高10.4%和7.9%。[结论]200 mg/L的稀土为最佳的浸种浓度。     

楸树扦插过程中插穗内含物变化分析

  目的  探索楸树Catalpa bungei扦插生根机制，研究插穗生根过程的形态特征和生理生化特性。  方法  采用ABT生根粉1号(GGR-6)浸泡处理楸树插穗，以蒸馏水浸泡为对照，测定扦插生根不同阶段相关酶活性、营养物质及生根抑制物质的变化规律。  结果  GGR-6处理显著促进插穗生根，生根率达到82.04%，高于对照(P＜0.01)。生根过程中，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在大量愈伤组织形成期均上升；SOD、PPO最大值出现在不定根大量形成期，分别为623.33×16.67和57.44×16.67 nkat·g?1，POD在不定根大量形成期下降；3种酶均与生根率成显著正相关。插穗可溶性糖、碳氮比(C/N)在大量愈伤组织形成期急剧下降，仅为扦插初时的40%左右，扦插20 d时达到最大值。可溶性蛋白质、总氮质量分数总体呈下降趋势，25~30 d时为最小值；GGR-6处理下插穗内营养物质变化幅度大，且最大值均高于对照；总氮质量分数与生根率负相关(P＜0.05)，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、C/N均与生根率显著正相关(P＜0.05)；气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)鉴定出4种与生根相关的物质，其中3种可能抑制生根，1种可能促进生根。  结论  插穗抗氧化酶活性的提高促进了楸树不定根的发生；可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质是插穗生根的主要营养物质；初步推断槲皮素、亚油酸、棕榈酸抑制插穗生根，植物甾醇促进插穗生根。图2表4参32     

留叶配合IBA处理对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响

[目的]探讨留叶配合IBA浸穗处理对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。[方法]在种苗智能化快繁系统调控下,设置三角梅插穗留叶与去叶类型各配合IBA、清水浸穗的4种处理,研究留叶配合IBA处理对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。[结果]留叶类型插穗的可溶性糖含量较高,不定根分化前期吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性较低,插穗生根数、根长度、根生长量及成活率均明显高于去叶类型;与清水浸穗相比,500×10-6IBA浸穗提高了插穗的可溶性糖含量,促进了插穗生根。[结论]在三角梅种苗智能化快繁中,留叶插穗配合插前500×10-6IBA浸穗处理可明显促进插穗生根,提高成活率。     

留叶配合IBA处理对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响（摘要）

[目的]探讨留叶配合IBA浸穗处理对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。[方法]在种苗智能化快繁系统调控下,设置三角梅插穗留叶与去叶类型各配合IBA、清水浸穗的4种处理,研究留叶配合IBA处理对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。[结果]留叶类型插穗的可溶性糖含量较高,不定根分化前期吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性较低,插穗生根数、根长度、根生长量及成活率均明显高于去叶类型;与清水浸穗相比,500×10^-6IBA浸穗提高了插穗的可溶性糖含量,促进了插穗生根。[结论]在三角梅种苗智能化快繁中,留叶插穗配合插前500×10^-6IBA浸穗处理可明显促进插穗生根,提高成活率。     

海水胁迫下水杨酸对绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

[目的]探索海水胁迫下水杨酸对绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。[方法]以4种海水胁迫、3种水杨酸浓度和自来水为对照,测定了绿豆幼苗的成活率、植株鲜重、根鲜重、根干重、株高、根数、叶片可溶性糖含量、茎脯氨酸含量指标的变化。[结果]海水胁迫程度、水杨酸浓度对绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长有不同的影响。在海水胁迫较轻时(1/4海水),水杨酸处理可提高绿豆幼苗的成活率。从根干重来看,海水+水杨酸处理均使绿豆根生长旺盛。绿豆叶片中可溶性糖含量随海水胁迫程度呈波动的上升趋势。在海水条件下较高的水杨酸才能发挥出促进叶中合成可溶性糖的能力。海水胁迫下水杨酸对绿豆茎中脯氨酸含量的影响比对叶片中可溶性糖含量的影响明显,但变化也是呈波动形式。[结论]该研究为进一步研究海水胁迫下水杨酸的生理生化机理奠定了基础。     

金露梅嫩枝插穗生根过程中营养物质含量变化研究

为了解金露梅扦插生根过程中营养成分含量的动态变化及其与插穗生根的关系,以清水为对照,用ABT-7号生根粉处理插穗,对金露梅嫩枝扦插生根过程中部分营养指标的含量进行了测定。结果表明:在金露梅嫩枝扦插生根过程中,可溶性总糖含量先上升,后下降,再上升;可溶性蛋白质含量先降低,然后升高,最后又降低;总氮含量先降低,14 d后逐渐升高;C/N值先是平稳上升,28d后略显下降。相关性分析表明,总碳、总氮及C/N与扦插生根率均成正相关,总碳含量与生根率的相关性最大。     

单双芽扦插对全球红葡萄成苗及苗木长势的影响

[目的]为葡萄快速高效育苗提供参考。[方法]采用单芽扦插和双芽扦插,研究单双芽扦插对全球红葡萄成苗及苗木长势的影响。[结果]采用双芽扦插的全球红葡萄在愈伤组织产生、生根、发芽、插条成活率(87.96%)和移栽成活率(73.81%)方面比单芽扦插好,但均未达到显著水平。单双芽扦插的全球红葡萄幼苗期新梢的长度和茎粗、成苗期的株高和茎粗等生长势以及冬剪前苗的茎粗和成熟节位数量差异都不显著。[结论]在葡萄的实际生产中建议采用单芽扦插,结合使用生根类产品可以实现降低生产成本,缩短结果年限的目的。