高血糖疝痛马骡补液试验

将５５例大肠阻塞马骡分为４组，分别静脉输入５％、１０％、５０％葡萄糖溶液和２：１平衡液，实验表明：大肠阻塞马骡不宜补糖；采用一定剂量、速度和间隔时间对大肠阻塞马骡输入２：１平衡液可纠正其高血糖、脱水和酸中毒等症状。     

马骡大肠阻塞有关血液指标变化的研究

检测了56例马骡大肠阻塞时12项血液指标的变化。结果表明,病畜血糖、血液乳酸、齿龈毛细血管再充盈时问显著升高(P<0.05),红细胞总数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均有不同程度升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),血浆总蛋白、白细胞总数、血清钠、钾、氯及血清转氨酶均在正常范围内(P>0.05)。表明大肠阻塞马骡存在酸中毒、高血糖及轻度脱水。     

中西医配合捶结术治疗马骡肠便秘

肠便秘又称肠阻塞，结症。本病是马骡胃肠运化机能减退，粪便积滞于某一肠段，使肠管完全闭塞或不完全闭塞的腹痛起卧疾病，临床上结合肠道的解剖位置，便秘积滞的部位，可分为小肠便秘、大肠便秘等。     

酦酵粉对马大肠阻塞(结症)的疗效

疝痛在马骡的消化器官疾病中最为常见,其中以大肠阻塞(结症)的发病率为最高,占疝痛总数的35%(我校家畜病院1951—1955年的统计资料),死亡率占因疝痛而死亡总数的24.3%(我校家畜病院1950——1958年10月因疝痛而死亡经病理教研组剖检的病例统计资料,并仅系单纯的太肠阻塞,因并发病而死亡的未计算在内,如将并发肠臌气、胃扩张及胃、     

烤烟成熟进程中主要化学成分的变化

为探明不同采收时间对烤烟中部烟叶化学成分的影响，以烤烟品种K326为试验材料，分别在打顶后0，10，20，30，50d取中部烟叶进行化学成分分析．结果表明，打顶后，随着烟叶的成熟，多元有机酸和烟碱含量升高；叶绿素、高级脂肪酸、氨基酸、蛋白质和钾素大幅度下降；类胡萝卜素、非还原糖和水溶性总糖则表现为先降后升，烟叶适熟后又下降的变化趋势．打顶后30d采收烟叶，叶片细胞内既含有较多类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖，又能将有机酸、蛋白质、烟碱和钾含量控制在一定范围内，使烟叶调制后各种化合物的比例协调．     

水牛静脉注射葡萄糖后血糖水平的调节机制研究

12头健康禁食公水牛分为3组。组Ⅰ(n=6)与组Ⅱ(n=3)分别经颈静脉快速注射50%葡萄糖和0.9%生理盐水各2 mL.kg-1;组Ⅲ(n=3)为对照,不作处理。分别于注射前60、10 m in及注射后1、5、10、30、60、120、180、240、300、360和420 m in采血,立即测定血浆葡萄糖及胰岛素和胰高血糖素,分析各指标间的相关性及血浆胰岛素/血糖值(IGR1)和胰岛素/胰高血糖素值(IGR2)。结果显示:注射前,各组水牛血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰高血糖素的浓度接近。组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ水牛的上述指标在所有采样时间点上组内和组间均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),IGR1和IGR2也没有明显变化。组Ⅰ水牛静注葡萄糖1 m in后血糖浓度迅速升至峰值,而血浆胰岛素30 m in后才升高(约20倍)至峰值,然后两者均缓慢下降,直到420 m in仍明显高于注射前的水平(P<0.05)。而胰高血糖素仅在注射葡萄糖后1和5 m in时显示出差异(P<0.05),IGR1在注射葡萄糖(组Ⅰ)后立即下降,至注射后180 m in,组Ⅰ的IGR1和IGR2与组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ的基本持平。相关性分析表明,血糖浓度与血浆胰岛素水平呈极显著正相关(r=0.73,P<0.01),与胰高血糖素浓度呈显著负相关(r=-0.58,P<0.05),但胰岛素水平与胰高血糖素浓度相关性不显著(r=0.06,P>0.05)。提示:水牛胰岛素代谢迟缓,对静注的葡萄糖清除缓慢,表现出持续性高血糖症和高胰岛素血症;水牛对于静注葡萄糖的反应不同于奶牛、犬、马等其他动物。     

毛驴结症的诊治与体会

正结症即肠阻塞,原本是马骡的多发病,毛驴的发病率极低,但是随着社会经济的迅速发展,毛驴已从原来的使役功能,变成了人类肉食和保健品原料,于是生活方式由原来粗放型的散养变为舍饲,所以毛驴结症的发病率大幅度增加。1发病原因1.1饲草、饲料变换突然农民自家饲养,饲料品种来源多而杂,且随意性较大。1.2饲喂不及时农活忙导致饲喂不及时,有时间喂,没时间就饿着,所以饿了后吃起来比较急。     

中国野鸭—红头潜鸭的胰叶及胰管形态学观察

本实验用大体解剖学方法，观察了３９只红头潜鸭胰叶和胰管的形态结构。结果表明：红头潜鸭的胰叶位于十二指肠袢内，可分为背侧胰叶、腹侧胰叶和脾胰叶。从背侧胰叶的头端和尾端分别发出背侧胰管和第一胰管，自腹侧胰叶的头端发出腹侧胰管。背侧胰管和腹侧胰管多以左、右向并列进入十二指肠，背、腹侧胰管穿过肠壁后汇合，共同开口于十二指肠粘膜面大乳头的顶端。绝大多数个体，第一胰管在十二肠升袢近升、降袢折转处人肠，开口于十     

低温胁迫对大叶冬青生理特性的影响

通过对不同时间、低温处理对大叶冬青叶片内SOD,CAT等保护酶活性、相对电导率及叶绿素总量、可溶性糖和MDA含量的测定,探讨不同低温处理条件下持续不同时间对大叶冬青生理特性的影响.结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,不同低温处理中叶片内MDA含量和相对电导率均呈先升后降又升的变化;叶绿素总量、可溶性糖含量及SOD和CAT活性...     

牛瘤胃酸中毒、牛马腹泻、马类动物大肠阻塞水、电解质和酸碱失衡的研究

对１３０例牛瘤胃酸中毒、牛马原发生肠炎和消化不良腹泻及马类动物大肠阻塞临床病例进行了水、电解质和酸碱失衡研究。结果表明：马类动物大肠阻塞初期和中期病例，脱水和代谢性酸中毒发生缓慢，程度较轻，可用不加葡萄糖的口服补液盐液防治；牛马原发性肠炎和消化不良腹泻易发生脱水、代谢性酸中毒和低血Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃｌ，一般病例可用口服补液盐液防治，严重病例应静脉输液治疗；牛瘤胃酸中毒脱和代谢性酸中毒发展快，且严重，轻症病例可用不加葡萄糖的口服补液盐液防治，严重病例应静脉输液抢救。水、电解质和酸碱失衡的诊断应根据病种、病史、体征及化验指标综合判断。     

Insulin release from isolated human fetal pancreatic islets

Pancreases were obtained from five human fetuses 12 to 16 weeks old. The islets of Langerhans were isolated with collagenase, and then incubated with buffer, glucose, tolbutamide, or glucagon added to the medium. The insulin released into the medium was measured by immunoassay. Glucagon produced the only significant increase above base line; glucose and tolbutamide failed to enhance secretion of insulin. The data suggest that isolated human fetal islets of this gestational age develop responsiveness to glucagon earlier than to glucose or tolbutamide.     

Differences in adrenergic recognition by pancreatic A and B cells

The adrenergic control of glucose homeostasis is mediated in part through variations in the release of pancreatic hormones. In this study, purified pancreatic A and B cells were used to identify the recognition and messenger units involved in the adrenergic regulation of glucagon and insulin release. Catecholamines induced beta-adrenergic receptor activity in A cells and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activity in B cells. The two recognition units provoked opposite variations in the production of cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, the beta-adrenergic unit enhancing the nucleotide's permissive effect on amino acid-induced glucagon release and the alpha 2-adrenergic unit inhibiting that upon glucose-induced insulin release. In both cell types, catecholamines interact powerfully with the synergistic control of hormone release by nutrient- and (neuro)hormone-driven messenger systems.     

Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin

The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.     

低频电磁综合疗法对马属动物大肠阻塞疗效试验

低频电磁综合疗法对人的消化性肠梗阻有较好的疗效。为了移植这一技术,作者应用低频电磁综合疗法试治了马属动物大肠阻塞78例,治愈47例.左下大结肠阻塞效果最好(治愈率达84.6%);胃状膨大部阻塞次之(沿愈率为68.4%);小结肠阻塞效果较差(治愈率仅40.6%)。该疗法可用于马属动物大肠阻塞的治疗,或者作为一种辅助治疗方法。     

胆碱对鹅体内脂质代谢及肝脏FAS基因mRNA表达的影响

【目的】探讨胆碱对青农灰鹅体内脂质转运、代谢的作用及脂肪酸合成酶FAS（fatty acid synthase）基因表达的影响,确定鹅日粮中胆碱的最适添加量。【方法】将180只1日龄青农灰鹅随机分为6个处理组,每处理组3个重复,每个重复10只。试验在玉米-豆粕型饲粮的基础上各组的胆碱添加量分别为0、600、1 200、1 800、2 400和3 000 mg•kg-1,试验期15周。屠宰后测定肝脏和血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯,血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素水平,肝脏脂蛋白酯酶、肝脂酶及血清胆碱酯酶活性和肝脏脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）基因表达量。【结果】①4周龄时,饲粮中添加胆碱显著降低肝脏和血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素水平和血清胆碱酯酶活性（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;显著提高肝脏脂蛋白酯酶、肝脂酶活性和血清胰高血糖素水平（P＜0.05）;但对血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖含量影响不显著（P＞0.05）。15周龄时,饲粮中添加胆碱显著降低肝脏和血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量与胰岛素水平及血清胆碱酯酶活性（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;显著提高肝脏脂蛋白酯酶、肝脂酶活性和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰高血糖素水平（P＜0.05）;但对血清葡萄糖含量影响不显著（P＞0.05）。②饲粮中添加胆碱显著提高肝脏FAS基因的表达量（P＜0.01）,且肝脏脂肪酸合成酶基因表达量随胆碱添加水平呈先下降后上升趋势。【结论】综合考虑胆碱对鹅肝脏脂质代谢的影响,1—4和5—15周龄鹅饲粮中胆碱适宜添加量分别为1 200—1 800和1 200 mg•kg-1。     

不同剂量胰岛素、胰高血糖素和甲状腺素处理对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞FcRn mRNA表达的影响

 【目的】采用real-time PCR方法检测体外激素处理对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞FcRn（neonatal Fc receptor,FcRn）mRNA表达的影响。【方法】在乳腺上皮细胞培养液中添加不同浓度胰高血糖素（0.01、0.1和1 μmol•L-1）、胰岛素（0.005、0.1和0.5 μmol•L-1）、甲状腺素T4（0.01、0.1和1 μmol•L-1）,体外培养并收集细胞,提取细胞mRNA后,利用real-time PCR检测FcRn mRNA的相对丰度。【结果】在一定添加剂量范围内,随着添加剂量的增加,甲状腺素和胰高血糖素能够显著地促进FcRn mRNA表达量升高（P＜0.05）,胰岛素在添加量为0.005 μmol•L-1和0.5 μmol•L-1时FcRn mRNA的表达量低,但在0.1 μmol•L-1添加时表达量显著升高（P＜0.05）。【结论】添加外源胰岛素、胰高血糖素和甲状腺素能够影响FcRn mRNA的表达,为进一步研究乳腺内FcRn受体变化以及影响因素提供了依据。     

Somatostatin: hypothalamic inhibitor of the endocrine pancreas

Somatostatin, a hypothalamic peptide that inhibits the secretion of pituitary growth hormone, inhibits basal insulin secretion in fasted cats and rats. In fasted baboons both basal and arginine-stimulated secretion of insulin and glucagon are inhibited. Somatostatin appears to act directly on the endocrine pancreas. The action is dose-related, rapid in onset, and readily reversed.     

Oral Insulin Stimulates Intestinal Department and Enzyme Maturation in Newborn Pigs

The effects of oral insulin on intestinal tissue growth and brush border enzyme activities in newborn pigs were examined in this study. Newborn unsuckled pigs were bottle-fed for3 days with artificial milk(M),milk supplemented with 60mIUmL-1 of insulin(IH)or hydrolyzed milk(HM). Compared with newborn unsuckled pigs,piglets bottle-fed for 3 days all gained in intestinal weight and length significantly despite a mild loss in body weight during the experimental period. The activities of lactase and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in the small intestinal mucosa declined markedly in pigs fed with M,but the activity of maltase increased significantly during the experimental period. Dietary protein pre-hydrolysis had no significant effect on intestinal tissue mass or length,but it moderated the decline of intestinal lactase and AKP activities. Dietary supplementation of insulin significantly increased mucosal protein content and brush border activities of lactase,maltase,AKP and aminopeptidase(AP)in the small intestine.The effect. of insulin treatment was particularly obvious at the distal region of the small intestine. These results demonstrate that oral insulin can stimulate intestinal digestive enzyme activities in newborn pigs. The finding supports the hypothesis that milk-borne insulin plays a role in regulating postnatal gut development in the suckling young.     

Hormone-calcium interactions with the plasma membrane of rat liver cells

The binding constants and the number of binding sites for insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and calcium ions for the plasma membrane of rat liver were determined by Scatchard plots. The plots are biphasic or multiphasic, an indication of at least two types of binding sites for each ligand. At least three types of binding sites were found for insulin. In the concentration range of 10(-6) to 10(-8) molar, glucagon, epinephrine, and hydro-cortisone increased calcium ion binding to the plasma membrane, whereas insulin decreased this binding. At hormone concentrations of 10(-6) to 10(-7) molar, glucagon was the most effective in increasing calcium binding, but at a hormone concentration of 10(-8) molar, hydrocortisone was the most effective in stimulating calcium binding. Adenosine triphosphate reversed the effect of insulin and inhibited the effect of the other hormones. These studies suggest a relation between hormones and calcium with respect to membrane structure and function.