铁皮石斛的离体培养和快速繁殖

以野生铁皮石斛种子为外植体,研究了不同基础培养基、天然附加物和植物生长调节剂对铁皮石斛种子萌发、原球茎增殖与分化、试管苗生根的影响.结果表明,铁皮石斛种子萌发的适宜培养基为MS 0.5mg/L NAA 10%土豆汁;原球茎增殖与分化的适宜培养基为MS 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.1 mg/L NAA 10%土豆汁;试管苗生根的适宜培养基为MS 0.2 mg/L NAA 10%土豆汁.在此条件下建立的铁皮石斛快速繁殖体系,原球茎在增殖与分化培养基上培养3个月左右,可分化出大量高约1～2 cm的试管苗,转入生根培养基中培养3个月左右后诱导出大量根系,即可进行大田移栽.     

铁皮石斛组织培养研究

为了解决铁皮石斛种苗稀缺的现状,提高种苗繁殖率,以铁皮石斛种子(成熟率80％～90％)、带芽茎段、叶片3种材料作为外植体,进行组织培养研究.结果表明:铁皮石斛最适宜外植体材料是种子,最适宜的类原球茎诱导培养基为1/2MS,最适宜的类原球茎增殖培养基为MS+KT1.5 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L+CM100 mL/L+活性炭0.3 g/L,最适宜类原球茎分化培养基为MS+KT1.5 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L+100 mL/L苹果汁,最适宜生根培养基为MS+IBA1.5 mg/L.     

铁皮石斛种子快繁培养体系的优化

以铁皮石斛种子为基础材料,建立铁皮石斛快速成苗的组培技术体系.通过调整组织培养过程中的激素种类及浓度配比,找出不同生长阶段最适的培养基配方.结果表明,诱导种子萌发、原球茎的最适培养基配方为1/2MS+0.1 mg/L NAA,9～10 d时种子开始萌发,30 d后种子萌发率达94.4％.原球茎增殖与分化的最适培养基配方为MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,15 d后原球茎增殖率为8.0％,55 d后分化率达73.6％.生根壮苗阶段的最适培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA,生根率达92.0％.研究结果为铁皮石斛快繁技术奠定了理论基础.     

铁皮石斛组培快繁关键技术研究

以铁皮石斛种子和茎段为材料,研究铁皮石斛快繁从原球茎诱导、增殖、分化,及壮苗生根的过程中不同时期的基本培养基及激素浓度和有机物等。结果表明,3/4MS为种子及茎段诱导、增殖、分化、壮苗生根阶段较合适的基本培养基,且种子作为外植体诱导增殖效果较茎段好;原球茎诱导培养基3/4MS+1.0 mg·L-16-BA+0.2 mg·L-1NAA,增殖激素浓度为1.0~2.0 mg·L-16-BA+0.1~0.2 mg·L-1NAA时效果最好,原球茎的分化激素配比为1.0 mg·L-1NAA+0.1 mg·L-16-BA,壮苗和生根培养基为3/4MS+1.0 mg·L-1NAA+0.1 mg·L-16-BA+10%马铃薯汁;有机添加物为10%的马铃薯汁,效果较好。     

串珠石斛组织培养研究初报

以珍稀植物串珠石斛的茎段和果实为外殖体,研究诱导丛生芽、壮苗生根组织培养技术,实现大量繁殖。结果表明,串珠石斛原球茎诱导增殖最佳激素配比为KC+6-BA1.0mg/L+KT0.5 mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L,不定芽分化的最佳激素配比KC+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L,幼苗生根以1/2KC+NAA 0.5mg/L为最佳。     

铁皮石斛组培快繁技术

[目的]研究铁皮石斛的组培快繁技术.[方法]以铁皮石斛无菌苗的茎段为外植体,研究不同外源激素及其配比对铁皮石斛芽诱导及生根的影响.[结果]芽增殖最佳培养基为MS＋5 mg/L 6-BA＋ 0.4 mg/L NAA,此时外植体生长健壮,芽分化数和诱导率较高;最佳生根培养基为MS ＋0.5 mg/L IBA ＋0.5 mg/L NAA.[结论]该研究为铁皮石斛种苗的工业化生产奠定了基础.     

铁皮石斛的组培技术研究

为了研究铁皮石斛最佳的组织培养方法,本试验以铁皮石斛带节茎段作为外植体,探寻铁皮石斛的最佳基本培养基,最优消毒时间,以及不同浓度的NAA和6-BA对腋芽诱导、丛芽增殖、生根壮苗的影响.结果表明:以铁皮石斛带节茎段作外植体时,最佳的基本培养基是1/2MS培养基,在1‰HgCl2中浸泡消毒的最优时间为10 min;诱导腋芽时以1/2MS+10 g·L-1蔗糖+0.6 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-16-BA为最佳培养基;诱导丛芽增殖的最佳培养基为1/2MS+0.6 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-16-BA;诱导生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg·L-1 IBA+0.9 mg·L-1 NAA.     

梳唇石斛快速繁殖技术

通过组织培养方法研究梳唇石斛快速育苗技术,利用不同培养基诱导种子直接萌发形成原球茎,并进一步分化获得再生植株。结果表明,种子萌发原球茎诱导的最佳培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2 mg/L;最佳原球茎增殖培养基:1/2MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L;最佳生根培养基:1/2MS 香蕉泥100 g/L NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

铁皮石斛茎段快繁技术研究

为建立铁皮石斛快速繁殖体系,实验以其茎段为外植体材料,研究不同外源激素配比对铁皮石斛芽诱导增殖及生根的影响。结果表明,芽诱导增殖以MS+0.1 mg.L-1NAA+0.5 mg.L-16-BA为最好,茎段外植体生长健壮,芽分化数和诱导率较高,诱导率可达86.7%,为茎段最适初代培养基;最适生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA0.5 mg.L-1+0.5%活性炭。     

铁皮石斛高效快速繁殖体系研究

为了建立铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)种子高效快速繁殖体系,以铁皮石斛种子为外植体,在萌发培养基上萌发为原球茎,原球茎经悬浮培养增殖,再接种于分化培养基分化、生根长成完整植株。结果显示,原球茎增殖最佳培养基为1/2 MS培养基+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+0.33 g/L(NH4)2SO4+0.525 g/L KNO3+30 g/L蔗糖;原球茎分化最佳培养基为N6+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+100 g/L土豆汁+25 g/L蔗糖+6.5 g/L琼脂+1 g/L活性炭;幼苗生根最佳培养基为1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L NAA+50 g/L土豆汁+30 g/L蔗糖+6.5 g/L琼脂+1 g/L活性炭;悬浮培养与固体培养相结合的技术优于固体组织培养技术,其具有生长周期短、节省空间、节约成本,促进原球茎增殖、提高分化率,促进生根的特点,可为铁皮石斛快繁和大规模化生产提供基础。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。