不同曝气位置曝气生物滤池（BAF）处理对虾养殖污水的试验研究

采用不同曝气位置的上向流生物滤池处理对虾养殖污水,连续运行30d,分析出水水质,并观察系统运行情况和装置污染状况。考察了对虾养殖污水中化学需氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、无机氮及活性磷酸盐6项指标的去除效果。结果表明:从养殖污水主要污染物指标的去除效果上看,中下部曝气生物滤池(MUBAF)要优于底部曝气生物滤池(BUBAF)。在系统进水化学需氧量质量浓度为7.62～8.20mg·L-1,氨氮质量浓度为0.62～0.65mg·L-1,硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.54～0.59mg·L-1,亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.23～0.27mg·L-1,无机氮质量浓度为1.40～1.47mg·L-1,活性磷酸盐质量浓度为0.24～0.29mg·L-1,水温为25℃～30℃时,中下部曝气生物滤池对养殖污水中6项指标的去除率分别为45.2%、88.9%、58.5%、78.8%、75.3%和25.1%。可见,对氨氮的去除效果最佳,亚硝酸盐氮和无机氮次之,化学需氧量和硝酸盐氮的去除效果较差,活性磷酸盐去除率最低。总体而言,曝气生物滤池在水产养殖污水应用中处理效果明显,具有可行性和实用性。     

水解酸化—改性贻贝壳填料曝气生物滤池处理生活污水研究

[目的]研究水解酸化—改性贻贝壳填料曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理生活污水的效果。[方法]在不同磷含量条件下,分别以未改性贻贝壳及3种不同浓度柠檬酸改性贻贝壳为填料的曝气生物滤池与水解酸化池组合对生活污水中COD、氨氮(NH3-N)和总磷(TP)进行去除,并对4种贻贝壳BAF的去除效果进行比较。[结果]当磷含量为14.03~14.73 mg/L时,1.0%柠檬酸改性贻贝壳为填料BAF对COD的去除效果最好,去除率最高可达90.11%;在2种不同磷浓度的条件下,4种贻贝壳BAF对NH3-N均有很好的去除效果;当磷含量为2.26~2.61 mg/L时,1.0%柠檬酸改性贻贝壳为填料BAF对TP的去除效果最好,去除率最高可达91.89%。磷含量的提高可以在一定程度上促进COD和NH3-N的去除,但TP的去除效率降低。[结论]4种贻贝壳填料BAF中,1.0%柠檬酸改性贻贝壳填料BAF对生活污水中COD、NH3-N和TP去除效果最好。     

湿地植物对模拟污水的净化能力研究

选择了千屈菜、水芹、水葱、黄菖蒲、石菖蒲、香菇草为待试湿地植物,通过静态水培试验,考察了各植物在以氨氮(NH4+-N)为主要氮组分的模拟污水中的生长情况、生理生态学特性,及在不同停留时间下对污水中有机物、N、P的去除率,以期找出不同条件下净化污水的优势植物.结果表明,植物在污水中均能正常生长,对营养物都有一定的吸收能力,对水体有明显的净化效果.其中石菖蒲植株内N、P浓度最高,净化效果较好,当停留时间为8 d时.对NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为90.52%和92.89%;水芹生长稳定,在较短时间内对N、P均有较好的去除效果;香菇草在停留时间较长的条件下对污染物的去除率较高,当停留时间为8 d时,对NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为94.90%和93.35%.可见,石菖蒲、水芹和香菇草对营养物质具有较好净化效果,是较理想的湿地植物.     

纤维材料固定化栅藻净化生活污水及其影响因素研究

将栅藻吸附固定在纤维材料上形成藻类生物膜,并利用该生物膜对污水进行脱氮除磷研究。考察藻细胞不同生长时期、饥饿处理、污水初始pH值对藻膜去除氨氮和正磷酸盐效率的影响,并选取最优试验条件对实际生活二级出水进行深度净化。结果表明,稳定期藻细胞对氮磷去除效果较好,5 d后对氨氮、正磷酸盐的去除率分别达88.5%、87.8%;饥饿处理48 h的藻细胞对氮磷去除率最高,5 d后对氨氮和正磷酸盐去除率分别为90.2%、89.3%;污水初始pH值偏碱性更有利于藻细胞脱氮除磷。选取稳定期饥饿处理48 h后微藻藻膜对实际生活二级出水处理结果显示,5 d后总氮含量由11.90 mg/L降至1.86 mg/L,总磷含量由0.84 mg/L降至0.11 mg/L,氨氮含量由1.46 mg/L降至0.04 mg/L,正磷酸盐含量由0.160 mg/L降至0.010 mg/L。     

9种水生植物对模拟污水中氮、磷的生物净化效果

通过9种水生植物在模拟污水中的培养试验,研究其对模拟污水中氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除效果,从中筛选出适用于治理城市污水的水生植物.结果表明,不同浓度下随着培养时间的延长,9种水生植物对氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除率逐渐增加.低浓度下,空心莲子草对氨氮的去除率最高(53.79%),荷花对总氮的去除率最高(48.75%),凤眼莲对总磷的去除率最高(70.10%);中浓度下,凤眼莲对氨氮的去除率最高(61.39%),茭白对总氮的去除率最高(52.23%),凤眼莲对总磷的去除率最高(80.15%);高浓度下,茭白对氨氮的去除率最高(55.70%),凤眼莲对总氮和总磷的去除率均最高(分别为40.42%和69.58%).可见,凤眼莲、空心莲子草、茭白3种植物对氮磷具有较好的去除效果,是较好的湿地植物.     

秸秆/污泥制备活性炭及处理生活污水效果

以污水厂剩余污泥、小麦秸秆、花生壳和玉米芯等多种农业废弃物混合物为原料,采取化学活化法制取活性炭,利用制备的活性炭对生活污水进行吸附试验,并与商品活性炭的吸附效果进行比较。结果表明,活性炭对生活污水中氨氮的去除效果均较差;在对磷酸盐和化学需氧量(COD)的去除中,添加秸秆基污泥活性炭明显比商品活性炭效果更好,其中以污泥和花生壳混合基活性炭的处理效果最佳,磷酸盐和COD的去除率分别可以达到74.16%、88.00%;在对铜的处理中,只有商品活性炭有效,而秸秆/污泥活性炭基本没有吸附效果。     

不同植物配置的人工湿地处理厨房废水的探讨

通过相同负荷及水力条件下,不同植物配置方式即水芹单配、菖蒲单配、水芹+菖蒲混合配置构成的3个不同人工湿地,对厨房废水进行化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、固体悬浮物浓度(SS)净化效果的比较。结果表明,水芹对COD,TN去除效果较好,菖蒲对TP去除效果较好;在配制方式上,去除COD最好单配,去除TN,TP最好混合配置,对于SS的去除,3种配置基本一致。     

放线菌处理皂河水体的应用研究

利用放线菌5406对皂河黑臭水体进行处理,以接种量、pH值、摇床或静置3个因素在8种条件下对皂河水体的COD、氨氮、正磷酸盐的去除效果进行了研究。结果表明,放线菌接种量为10%时,在30℃、pH7.0及摇床条件下对废水的处理效果较好,对COD的去除率可以达到75%,对氨氮、正磷酸盐的去除率均达到95%以上。放线菌对COD、氨氮、正磷酸盐的去除在时间上呈现出不一致性。     

过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物对高位池尾水的净化效果研究

[目的]研究不同使用量和处理时间下过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物对养殖尾水各项水质指标的处理效果。[方法]从湛江市东海岛对虾高位池采集养殖尾水,使用过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物处理后测定水样的pH、悬浮物、氨氮、亚硝酸氮（NO₂^--N）、磷酸盐和COD浓度。[结果]过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物处理会使水体pH有所下降,仍保持在7.0以上,但并不能有效降低悬浮物浓度。过氧化氢可以有效降低尾水中氨氮、NO₂^--N、磷酸盐和COD的浓度,当过氧化氢浓度为4.00 mL/L时处理效果最佳,氨氮、NO₂^--N、磷酸盐和COD去除率分别为93.79%、57.88%、75.10%和76.70%。与过氧化氢相比,过氧化硫酸钠复合物对尾水中氨氮和NO₂^--N的去除效果并不理想,但对磷酸盐和COD的去除效果较好,当过氧化硫酸钠复合物浓度为0.12 g/L时,尾水中磷酸盐和COD的去除率分别达到87.96%和76.51%。[结论]过氧化...     

分散式农村生活污水净化槽处理模拟污水的研究

本文构建了一种分散式农村生活污水净化槽,研究了净化槽在不同水力停留时间、进水水质、填料等运行条件下对模拟污水中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、总磷(TP)3项指标的去除效果。结果表明净化槽对模拟污水的处理效果较好,具有一定的可行性和实用价值。对COD的去除效果最好,出水COD达到山东省《农村生活污水处理处置设施水污染物排放标准》二级标准。在5种填料中,腐殖土对磷的吸附效果最好,陶粒次之。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。