共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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[目的]研究基于MODIS遥感数据的气溶胶光学厚度反演技术,揭示气溶胶空间分布和时间变化特征。[方法]利用MODIS遥感数据中的MOD021KM与MOD03角度数据,采用6S辐射传输模型建立查找表,选取2015年3~9月某市以晴天为主的MODIS遥感影像,利用ENVI软件处理该时间段内质量相对较高的一系列遥感影像数据,提取处理后的Band 1红波段(0.66μm)、Band 3蓝波段(0.47μm)与Band 7近红外波段(2.10μm)的数据对大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD值)进行反演。[结果]AOD值与PM10浓度结果类似,呈正态分布,与事先预期的负关系相反。[结论]利用MODIS遥感数据反演AOD值可以在宏观上指示空气污染的分布区域,对大气污染的预报与治理有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
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《河北北方学院学报(自然科学版)》2017,(5)
目的气溶胶是影响大气质量的重要因素,卫星遥感在气溶胶反演研究上的优势日益凸显。利用2016年5月16日和5月25日皖苏沪地区MODIS L1B数据,反演气溶胶光学厚度的分布。方法利用AERONET监测网中太湖、徐州、合肥、南京和上海监测站的太阳光度计观测数据,对反演结果进行了精度验证。结果结果表明:绝对误差不超过0.08,相对误差绝对值在18%以内,反演结果符合研究精度要求。结论反演结果与实际观测数据之间虽然存在一定偏差,但大致能反映研究期内皖、苏、沪地区气溶胶光学厚度的分布情况,研究结果具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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基于TM/ETM+遥感数据的地面相对反射率反演 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
卫星遥感数据的大气辐射校正是定量遥感的基础与关键。目前大气辐射校正方法的局限性已经严重影响了定量遥感科学进展。鉴于此,COST模型在TM/ETM数据上的实用性逐步得到学者们的共识。本文详细阐述了COST模型的理论及其算法,模型参数的确定及其获取途径。COST模型在完成TM/ETM卫星遥感数据大气辐射纠正的同时实现了地表反射率反演,为TM/ETM卫星遥感数据的应用研究奠定了基础。文章进一步借助地面光谱仪的宴测数据对研究区地表反射率反演结果进行了空间维和光谱维的分析验证,结果认为COST模型完全能够满足卫星遥感数据基本应用研究的需要。 相似文献
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【目的】在农业研究中,近地表气温是影响作物发育速度的关键因子。尤其是在全球气温变暖趋势下,对区域尺度气温进行实时监测具有十分重要的科学意义和实用价值。文章对目前常用近地表气温遥感反演方法进行回顾和总结,对未来近地表气温遥感反演方向进行展望。【方法】随着遥感技术的不断发展,遥感近地表气温反演已成为目前获取高时间/空间分辨率区域气温的最有效方法。该文采用文献综述的方法,回顾和总结了近年来国内外近地表气温遥感反演研究进展,将其归纳为4类:大气廓线外推方法、地表温度—植被指数方法、基于数据统计的方法以及基于地表能量平衡的方法。最后对这些方法的优缺点进行评述和展望。【结果】近地表气温主要受辐射、湍流及平流等多种因素影响。因此,准确获取近地表气温十分困难。尽管目前已有多个行之有效的遥感反演方法,但这些方法大多依赖地面辅助数据,尤其是在有云情况下,由于无法有效获取诸如地表温度和地表反照率等气温反演的重要参量,目前的方法很难有效得到应用。【结论】国内外学者针对近地表气温遥感反演开展了大量研究,但是目前仍然缺乏独立于地面辅助数据的普适性方法。建议未来在有云条件和不同地形条件下大气辐射传输过程以及大气流动对气温影响的量化建模等方面加强研究,以提升近地表气温遥感反演精度和适用性。 相似文献
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根据Kaufman等提出的暗像元法,通过6S辐射传输模式,对MODIS的红光、蓝光、近红外通道辐射特性进行了敏感性实验.结果表明:三个通道的行星反射率对地表反射率都非常敏感,行星反射率随地表反射率的增加而增加.进一步提出了对地表反射率进行大气订正的思路,讨论了暗像元法确定地表反射率误差对大气气溶胶光学厚度反演结果的影响.最后计算分析了光学厚度反演误差对地表反射率大气订正传递误差的大小及其对NDVI、SAVI、ARVI和EVI 4种植被指数计算结果的影响.光学厚度误差对植被指数反演误差的影响以ARVI最为敏感,其误差范围与气溶胶光学厚度误差可达同一量级,两者呈负相关;NDVI与SAVI误差变化范围大致相近,与光学厚度误差均呈负相关.EVI受气溶胶光学厚度误差影响最小. 相似文献
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基于多源遥感数据的北京城市热岛研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首先利用MODIS数据在像元尺度上获取地表温度反演中所需大气参数一大气水分含量,再利用LandsatTM影像采用Jimenez-Munoz和Sobrino的普适性单通道算法反演地表温度,通过地面实测数据对反演结果进行验证。结果表明,利用多源遥感数据反演地表温度具有较高的精度。用该方法对北京城市热岛状况进行研究,发现北京城市热岛效应十分明显,地表植被覆盖度低是城市热岛出现的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury, and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 kilometers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In situ measurements of the chemical composition of individual aerosol particles at altitudes between 5 and 19 kilometers reveal that upper tropospheric aerosols often contained more organic material than sulfate. Although stratospheric aerosols primarily consisted of sulfuric acid and water, many also contained meteoritic material. Just above the tropopause, small amounts of mercury were found in over half of the aerosol particles that were analyzed. Overall, there was tremendous variety in aerosol composition. One measure of this diversity is that at least 45 elements were detected in aerosol particles. These results have wide implications for the complexity of aerosol sources and chemistry. They also offer possibilities for understanding the transport of atmospheric aerosols. 相似文献
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Andreae MO Charlson RJ Bruynseels F Storms H VAN Grieken R Maenhaut W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4758):1620-1623
Individual aerosol particles from the remote marine atmosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. A large fraction of the silicate mineral component of the aerosol was found to be internally mixed with sea-salt aerosol particles. This observation explains the unexpected similarity in the size distributions of silicates and sea salt that has been observed in remote marine aerosols. Reentrainment of dust particles previously deposited onto the sea surface and collision between aerosol particles can be excluded as possible source mechanisms for these internally mixed aerosols. The internal mixing could be produced by processes within clouds, including droplet coalescence. Cloud processes may also be responsible for the observed enrichment of excess (nonsea-salt) sulfate on sea-salt particles. 相似文献
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Jaenicke R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5718):73
Suspended atmospheric particles play a crucial role in any global climate scenario: They can both enforce and suppress radiative forcing. In developing climate modeling further, a deeper understanding of atmospheric aerosol is needed. Because of extreme local and temporal variations, proper incorporation of aerosols into models requires modeling of the aerosol itself. It turns out that cellular material and proteins compose up to 25% of the atmospheric aerosol. Consequently, the source strength of the biogenic aerosol in general must be corrected and should be estimated on the order of other major aerosol sources. 相似文献
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利用全球地基气溶胶观测网(AERONET)资料,分析了北京地区2001—2013年沙尘天气期间气溶胶的光学特性。结果表明,北京沙尘天气期间受沙尘粒子的影响,气溶胶光学厚度值(AOD)较大,且随波长增大而减小,在波长440 nm处平均值约为1.2;气溶胶Angstrom波长指数97.62%都聚集在0.7以下,说明北京沙尘天气期间粒子较大;沙尘天气期间单次散射反照率随波长增加而增加,平均值约为0.93;复折射指数实部在波长675 nm处最大,平均约为1.55,虚部在440 nm处最大,平均值达到0.006;总的不对称因子平均值约为0.72;北京地区沙尘天气期间气溶胶粒子谱型呈双峰分布,且以粗模态粒子为主,其峰值随光学厚度的增大而增大,粗模态粒子的峰值半径平均约为2.6μm。这些参数对于深入研究沙尘气溶胶的辐射效应和气候效应都是必不可少的。 相似文献
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The injection into the stratosphere of large quantities of sulfur during the June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo (Philippines) and the subsequent formation of sulfate aerosol particles have generated a number of perturbations in the atmosphere with potential effects on the Earth's climate. Changes in the solar and infrared radiation budget caused by the eruption should produce a cooling of the troposphere and a warming of the lower stratosphere. These changes could affect atmospheric circulation. In addition, heterogeneous chemical reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosol particles render the ozone molecules more vulnerable to atmospheric chlorine and hence to man-made chlorofluorocarbons. 相似文献
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Measurements of mass concentration and size distribution of aerosols from eruptions of Mount St. Helens as well as morphological and elemental analyses were obtained between 7 April and 7 August 1980. In situ measurements were made in early phreatic and later, minor phreatomagmatic eruption clouds near the vent of the volcano and in plumes injected into the stratosphere from the major eruptions of 18 and 25 May. The phreatic aerosol was characterized by an essentially monomodal size distribution dominated by silicate particles larger than 10 micrometers in diameter. The phreatomagmatic eruption cloud was multimodal; the large size mode consisted of silicate particles and the small size modes were made up of mixtures of sulfuric acid and silicate particles. The stratospheric aerosol from the main eruption exhibited a characteristic narrow single mode with particles less than 1 micrometer in diameter and nearly all of the mass made up of sulfuric acid droplets. 相似文献
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C Pöhlker KT Wiedemann B Sinha M Shiraiwa SS Gunthe M Smith H Su P Artaxo Q Chen Y Cheng W Elbert MK Gilles AL Kilcoyne RC Moffet M Weigand ST Martin U Pöschl MO Andreae 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1075-1078
The fine particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei in pristine Amazonian rainforest air consist mostly of secondary organic aerosol. Their origin is enigmatic, however, because new particle formation in the atmosphere is not observed. Here, we show that the growth of organic aerosol particles can be initiated by potassium-salt-rich particles emitted by biota in the rainforest. These particles act as seeds for the condensation of low- or semi-volatile organic compounds from the atmospheric gas phase or multiphase oxidation of isoprene and terpenes. Our findings suggest that the primary emission of biogenic salt particles directly influences the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and affects the microphysics of cloud formation and precipitation over the rainforest. 相似文献
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由于气溶胶的介电常数不易直接测量,气溶胶的复折射指数的实部与其介电常数之间存在的一定关系,利用这一关系,可以用气溶胶的复折射指数的实部来求出其介电常数,并对4种基本粒子、3种常见类型的气溶胶以及任意体积比混和建立的气溶胶类型的介电常数进行了研究。 相似文献
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通过对2008年4月21日河北省正定1次飞机探测气溶胶垂直分布和云微物理结构的资料进行分析,结果表明:探测的气溶胶数浓度为10^2~10^3个/cm^3,平均直径为0.19~0.70μm;云滴数浓度为10^0~10^2/cm^3,云滴平均直径为4~15μm。边界层是气溶胶和云凝结核(CCN)最密集处,云区为1176~2465m,云底云滴数浓度低,蒸发释放核膜态粒子使得气溶胶进入云层后数浓度减少幅度较小,另云滴对CCN有消耗作用。气溶胶平均谱基本为双峰型,高层云区云滴增加促使气溶胶由核膜态向积聚模态、粗模态转变。云滴谱较复杂,具有单峰型和双峰型,云顸平均谱最宽。 相似文献