三种药物诱导罗氏沼虾产卵

使用孕酮、前列腺素、利血平三种药物，对罗氏沼虾注射以研究其催产效果。结果表明，三种药物以每属注射１μｇ催产效果最好，产卵率可达６５－８５％，比对比组（３５％）有明显提高，且孵出幼体与自然条件下孵出的幼体在生长上无明显差异。三种药物中，孕酮的效果最好。     

保幼激素类似物及17α-羟孕酮对罗氏沼虾的产卵作用

用1％浓度的保幼激素类似物ZR515(JHA-ZR515)分别以40μl／尾、70μl／尾和100μl／尾三个剂量点滴罗氏沼虾均能不同程度提高罗氏沼虾产卵率。其中40μl／尾剂量组产卵率为75％，比对照组高出1倍多，亲虾存活率为100，孵出的蚤状幼体发育正常。单侧去眼柄能提高罗氏沼虾产卵率，但亲虾存活率较低。用17α-羟孕酮以2．2μg／尾注射罗氏沼虾显示抑制产卵效应。     

保幼激素类似物及17α-羟孕酮对罗氏沼虾的产卵作用

用1％浓度的保幼激素类似物ZR515(JHA-ZR515)分别以40μl／尾、70μl／尾和100μl／尾三个剂量点滴罗氏沼虾均能不同程度提高罗氏沼虾产卵率。其中40μl／尾剂量组产卵率为75％，比对照组高出1倍多，亲虾存活率为100，孵出的蚤状幼体发育正常。单侧去眼柄能提高罗氏沼虾产卵率，但亲虾存活率较低。用17α-羟孕酮以2．2μg／尾注射罗氏沼虾显示抑制产卵效应。     

泥鳅的人工繁殖与苗种培育初步研究(英文)

[目的]寻找泥鳅繁殖的最佳催产剂配比、催产温度及苗种培育开口饵料的最佳选择。[方法]通过给泥鳅注射不同的催产药物,在不同的水温下进行人工催产,苗种培育过程中选择不同的开口饵料进行投喂,研究泥鳅繁殖的最佳催产剂配比、催产温度及最佳苗种培育开口饵料。[结果]雌鳅的怀卵量跟性成熟度成正比,即性成熟度越高其怀卵量也越高,成熟系数为24%的雌鱼绝对怀卵量、相对怀卵量分别为62 142和990粒,而成熟系数为9%的雌鱼仅为18 207和367粒。不同的催产药物对泥鳅催产的效果不同,促黄体生成素释放激素类似物(LRH-A2)相对比绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)效果好,使用绒毛膜促性腺激素,受精率78.84%,而使用促黄体生成素释放激素类似物(LRH-A2),受精率为83.04%。将这2种激素按照一定比例(LRH-A25μg/尾,HCG100 IU/尾)使用可提高催产效果,受精率可达89.17%。在一定的温度范围内,温度越高泥鳅的催产效果越好。水温在(30±0.5)℃之间是泥鳅人工催产的最适水温,效应时间6~8 h,催产率为93.33%,受精率为89.26%。用轮虫(以萼花臂尾轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫为主)作为泥鳅仔鱼的开口饵料,其仔鱼成活率最高,成活率为93.3%,其他依次为卤虫幼体、微粒子配合饲料、蛋黄。合理搭配开口饵料能够促进仔鱼的生长,投喂蛋黄+轮虫的泥鳅仔鱼生长速度明显高于其他单独投喂的3组,投喂蛋黄+轮虫的鳅苗,其生长速度是单独投喂蛋黄的1.21倍,是单独投喂轮虫的1.04倍,是单独投喂卤虫幼体的1.11倍。[结论]该研究为开展泥鳅的规模化繁殖提供了科学依据。     

保幼激素类似物及17α-羟孕酮对罗氏沼虾的产卵作用

用1%浓度的保幼激素类似物ZR515(JHA—ZR515)分别以40μl/尾、70μl/尾和100μl/尾三个剂量点滴罗氏沼虾均能不同程度提高罗氏沼虾产卵率。其中40μl/尾剂量组产卵率为75%,比对照组高出1倍多,亲虾存活率为100%,孵出的蚤状幼体发育正常。单侧去眼柄能提高罗氏沼虾产卵率,但亲虾存活率较低。用17α—羟孕酮以2.2μg/尾注射罗氏沼虾显示抑制产卵效应。     

唇[鱼骨]人工繁殖和鱼苗培育研究

本文研究了唇[鱼骨]的亲鱼培育、人工繁殖、孵化和鱼苗培育等技术。试验结果表明：唇[鱼骨]野生亲本在池塘条件下经人工驯养可达性成熟；在水温19．0—21．0℃时经一次性注射LRH—A、HCG和DOM混合催产剂，其效应时间18-21．5h；采用人工催产，自然产卵及人工授精，流水孵化，豆浆法培育鱼苗等方法，2005-2006年共催产雌鱼44尾，平均催产率81．5％，共产卵45．7万粒，平均受精率82．6％，孵化率77．4％，共孵出鱼苗24．5万尾。鱼苗经25—30d培育后可达3cm以上，平均成活率为65．5％，共培育夏花15．1万。     

大鳞鱼巴人工繁育技术初报

从乌兹别克斯坦引进体质量20～40g的野生大鳞鱼巴(Barbus capito)鱼种,经5年人工培育性腺已发育成熟,2008年5月筛选8尾亲鱼进行人工繁殖试验。结果表明:注射催产药物LHRH-A2、HCG和DOM可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催产的尾雌鱼中有3尾成功产卵,获得受精卵4.8万粒,孵出鱼苗3万尾,其催产率、受精率、孵化率分别为75％，72.3％67.1％。水温20～23℃时,从受精卵到孵出鱼苗需要约70 h,到仔鱼上浮开口需要约6 d。在哈尔滨地区池塘人工培育大鳞鱼巴鱼苗,1龄鱼体质量可达(40.06±1.19)g,体长(14.34±0.15)cm。     

攀西地区重口裂腹鱼人工繁殖试验初探

选择5龄以上的经产雌鱼和3龄以上的初产雌鱼共21尾，在水温14~20℃时混合使用促黄体素释放激素A2、绒毛膜促性腺激素和地欧酮3种药物对亲鱼进行人工催产，催产率为66.7%，受精率为65.5%。采用17~19℃的地下水流水孵化，受精卵在173h内全部出膜，孵出仔鱼9.4万尾，孵化率为77%。试验结果表明：重口裂腹鱼在人工培育条件下性腺能够发育成熟，能成功催产繁殖。     

生殖激素对泥鳅催产效果的研究

通过对泥鳅进行生殖激素的注射,研究分别注射25、30、35IU/g剂量的hCG、分别注射10、12、14μg/尾剂量的LHRH-A2、分别注射16IU/g＋10μg/尾、18IU/g＋ 10μg/尾、20IU/g＋ 10μg/尾剂量的hCG＋LHRH-A2对泥鳅催产效果的影响.结果表明：单独使用hCG注射量以30IU/g效果最好.单独使用LHRH-A2其注射量以12μg/尾效果最好.复合激素hCG＋LHRH-A2其注射量以18IU/g＋10μg/尾效果最好.综合考虑抗药性以及价格因素后,实际生产中建议使用12μg/尾LHRH-A2为宜.     

岩牡蛎人工育苗技术的研究

于2006年对岩牡蛎Crassostrea nippona的人工育苗技术进行了初步研究。结果表明:种贝促熟时,其最佳放养密度为120个/m3;催产时,用阴干并伴随升温的方法,其催产效果较好;岩牡蛎受精卵的孵化密度在120粒/mL以下时,可获得较为理想的孵化效果;幼体培养密度为10个/mL时,其成活率和日增长率较高;幼体培育期间,将金藻和扁藻按1∶1混合投喂,培育效果较好。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。