安庆市再生稻种植历史、现状及发展建议

本文介绍了安徽省安庆市再生稻生产历史及现状，分别从政策、技术和服务等方面对进一步发展再生稻提出了建议，包括制定再生稻生产扶持政策，提高再生稻生产中的科技到位率，完善早稻和再生稻生产发展服务等。     

安徽省再生稻气候生态区区划研究

运用主成分分析法，从影响再生稻生长发育的２２个气象因素中，选出≥１０℃积温、７，９月均温、８月降水量、８－９月日照时数作为区划分区指标，利用聚类分析并结合生产实际将安微省再生稻种植区域分为４个气候生态区。即皖南山区再生稻适宜区，沿江再生稻适宜区，江淮再生稻适宜区和沿淮再生稻次适宜区。     

杂交水稻再生稻栽培技术各因素对产量影响的研究

围绕我省当前再生稻发展需要，通过１２个杂优组合再生稻产量的因素试验，结果表明：实粒数对再生稻产量的影响呈显著正相关；提高栽培措施可显著增加再生穗，从而达到提高再生稻产量的目的。     

中国的再生稻研究(综述)

本文综述了中国再生稻研究的主要成果。包括：再生稻的遗传育种、再生稻的生理生态，再生稻的生产技术．     

湖北省再生稻气候生态区区划研究

运用主成分分析法，从影响再生稻生长发育的２１个所象指标中筛选出７－９月平均气温、≥１０℃年积温、年均日照时数和降水量作为分区指标，并根据生产实际结合聚类分析，将湖北省再生稻栽培区域分为３个气候生态区。即鄂东低山丘陵再生稻适宜区，鄂中丘陵平原再生稻适宜区，鄂鄂西山地再生稻次适宜区。     

A Summary of Ratoon Rice Production Technology in Southwest Ecotope of China

本文主要介绍了具有南方稻作技术特色的再生稻。文章首先简要回顾了我国西南生态区再生稻研究进展；其次，详细阐述了再生稻生产技术的关键措施；最后，根据近年来的生产实践，描述了再生稻生产技术的应用效果。本文的目的是希望在世界水稻主产区，特别是光热资源富余的地区，促进再生稻生产技术的研究和推广。     

再生稻幼穗分化特性及发苗技术研究

调查了再生稻发苗困难的原因，对再生稻幼穗分化及发苗技术进行了研究，结果表明，再生稻发苗受稻桩营养、病虫害、品种特性、倒伏、干旱等多种因素综合影响。再生稻幼穗分化从低节位开始，各节位分化速度差异大，头季稻成熟时穗分化最高为第4期，再生稻穗分化与茎叶生长、抽穗开花等生理现象同步进行，再生稻发苗在头季稻实行健身栽培的前提下，促芽肥NPK配合，辅以化学调控剂，能实现再生稻平衡发苗，均衡增产。     

2021年常山再生稻品比试验总结

再生稻是浙江省常山县的水稻主要种植模式之一，为筛选出适合常山种植的再生稻新品种，不断提高浙江及周边地区再生稻生产水平，提高水稻生产经济社会效益，2021年在常山县游胜家庭农场进行了18个品种（组合）的再生稻品种比较试验。本文从品种的生育期、产量、抗性等方面进行分析总结，选出不同生育期类型的再生稻优良品种，为适宜地区示范推广提供参考。     

促芽肥施期对再生稻的影响

再生稻因其具有生长周期短、投入少、成本低、米质优等特点，中稻一再生稻生产成为西南稻区的主栽模式。本研究针对优质高产杂交稻品种渝香203，特别探讨了促芽肥施期对再生稻的萌发、产量及相关性状的影响，结果表明，齐穗期施促芽肥对提高再生稻再生力、增加叶面积、提高再生稻产量方面效果明显。这为优化再生稻栽培技术，推广渝香203提供了有益的参考。     

头季稻增施穗肥对再生稻的效应

为实现再生稻高产稳产，进行了头季委施穗肥和不施穗肥的大田比较试验。结果，增施穗肥的比不施穗肥的，再生稻胚芽发育提前８￣１０ｄ，再生苗生长快，有效成穗期短，全生育期提早５￣７ｄ再生稻产量提高３３．６％，是再生稻高产栽培的有效措施。     

Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in the rice ratooning system

The border effect (BE) is widely observed in crop field experiments, and it has been extensively studied in many crops.  However, only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.  We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County, Hubei Province, Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops, and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.  The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost, second outermost, and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.  To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops, portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.  Overall, the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.  In the main crop, the BE on grain yield was 98.3% in the outermost row, which was explained by the BE on panicles m^–2, spikelets/panicle, spikelets m^–2, and total dry weight.  In the ratoon crop, the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6% with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop, respectively.  Consequently, 55.1% of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.  High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.  Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.     

中国再生稻的产量差及影响因素

【目的】阐明再生稻的产量差及影响因素,为揭示其生产潜力和制定高产高效栽培措施提供科学依据。【方法】从中国知网和Web of Science两个数据库,分别以“再生稻产量、品种、施肥、种植密度、留桩高度、种植方式和收割方式”和“ratoon rice,variety,fertilizer and China”为关键词检索,共收集目标文献119篇。总结再生稻头季、再生季和两季总的产量潜力和产量差,通过分析品种、施肥、种植密度、留桩高度、种植方式和收割方式对再生稻产量的影响,阐明再生稻产量差的影响因素及缩小产量差的途径。【结果】当前我国再生稻头季、再生季和两季总的产量潜力分别为11.65、6.90和17.10 t·hm ^-2,总样本平均产量仅分别实现了产量潜力的71%、53%和68%。籼稻和杂交稻的再生稻产量分别比粳稻和常规稻增产24%—19%和18%—8%;头季的最优施肥量约为N 168 kg·hm ^-2,P₂O₅ 123 kg·hm ^-2,K₂O 124 kg·hm ^-2;再生季的最优施肥量约为N 145 kg·hm ^-2,P₂O₅ 50 kg·hm ^-2,K₂O 200 kg·hm ^-2。再生稻头季的适宜种植密度为22.4—29.1万穴/hm ²;适宜留桩高度为40—50 cm;手栽种植利于再生季产量的提高因而总产量也最大;人工收割比机械收割的再生季产量高12%,虽然机种机收会减少产量,但差异不显著。【结论】我国再生稻头季、再生季及两季总产量的增产潜力分别为3.38、3.27和5.41 t·hm ^-2。合适的品种、肥料管理、种植密度、留桩高度、种植和收割方式可以缩小产量差,其中品种以籼稻和杂交稻为主;优化施肥量可以使头季和再生季分别增产9%和22%,优化种植密度则分别增产8%和17%;适宜的留桩高度为40—50 cm;机种机收更符合轻简化现代农业的需求。     

用新台糖甘蔗品种作母本培育强宿根后代的潜力评价

选用13个新台糖系列甘蔗品种ROC1、ROC6、ROC8、ROC9、ROC10、ROC 11、ROC20、ROC22、ROC23、ROC24、ROC25、ROC26和ROC28作母本与不同类型的父本杂交,选配组合31个,采用家系评价法和宿根力分析对甘蔗有性杂交后代在干旱条件下的宿根性进行研究.结果表明:母本及选配的组合对后代宿根蔗的影响较新植蔗更为显著,且蔗茎产量、糖产量和有效茎在宿根蔗的遗传力表现均高于新植蔗,有利于强宿根后代的选育;13个新台糖系列母本中,ROC25、ROC 11和ROC24在新植、宿根两个植期的重要性状一般配合力(GCA)均较高,糖产量、蔗茎产量和锤度在宿根蔗的配合力大于新植蔗,可作为优良抗旱、强宿根母本加以利用;31个组合中,自然干旱条件下组合ROC25×德蔗93-88在2个植期的重要性状特殊配合力(SCA)高于其他组合,糖产量和蔗茎产量宿根力分别比对照种ROC22高13.7％和20.4％,是选育抗旱、强宿根甘蔗新品种的优良组合.     

Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China

This study attempted to clarify the carrying-over effect of different nitrogen treatments applied to the main crop on the crop population growth and yield formation of ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China.  Based on the constant total nitrogen application amounts (225.00 kg ha^–1) in the main crop, an experiment with different ratios of basal and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (the ratio of basal fertilizer:primary tillering fertilizer:secondary tillering fertilizer:booting fertilizer at 3:1:2:4 (N1), 3:2:1:4 (N2), 3:3:0:4 (N3), and 4:3:0:3 (N4), respectively, and a control without nitrogen treatment (N0)) was set up across two consecutive years in field using hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540 as the test materials.  The results showed that the total tiller number and effective tillering percentage increased in the main crop under the N1 treatment, more nitrogen fertilizer applied in late growth stage of the main crop, and its effective tillering percentage of the main crop was the highest at up to 70.18%, which was 9.15% higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment (N4), more nitrogen fertilizer applied in early growth stage of the main crop.  The same tendency was observed in leaf area index (LAI) value of the main crop and its subsequent ratoon rice, which were 16.52 and 29.87% higher, respectively, in the N1 treatment than that in the N4 treatment at the full heading stage.  The same was true in the case of the transport rates of stem and sheath dry mater and the canopy light interception rates in both the main and its ratoon crops.  The transport rate of stem and sheath in main crop rice under N1 treatment increased by 50.57% compared with N4 treatment.  The canopy light interception rate of N1 treatment increased by 5.07% compared with N4 treatment at the full heading stage of the ratoon crop.  Therefore, the total actual yield was the highest in the main and its ratoon crops under N1 treatment, averaging 17 351.23 kg ha^–1 in two-year trials, which was 23.00% higher than that in the conventional fertilization treatment (N4).  The results showed that appropriate nitrogen treatment was able to produce a good crop stand in the main crop, which was essential for producing a good ratoon crop population and high yield especially under mechanized cultivation with low stubble height of the main crop.  The study suggested that shifting the proper nitrogen application amounts to the late growth stage of the main crop, such as N1 treatment, not only had a higher productive effect on ensuring the yield of the main crop, but also had a positive effect on the axillary bud sprouts from the stubbles for ratoon rice, resulting in an increased percentage of productive panicles and achieving the goal of one planting with two good harvests under the conditions of our study.     

糯稻89-1越冬性遗传研究

【目的】分析特异水稻种质糯稻89-1越冬性及主要农艺性状的遗传变异。【方法】（1）利用不同海拔高度，观察糯稻89-1各节位腋芽和稻秆在冬季的成活率。（2）用糯稻89-1与红芒糯、明恢63、辐恢838、测64杂交建立F1、F1与亲本回交群体和F2群体，分析越冬性及主要农艺性状在不同生长季的遗传变异。【结果】（1）糯稻89-1能通过腋芽休眠，抗御不同海拔高度的低温越冬，下年萌发再生。稻秆成活率和腋芽萌发率分别达82.6%，29%，越冬再生季产量为6291.0 kg•ha-1，与正季相当。（2）通过遗传分析和χ2检验表明：糯稻89-1的越冬性由多基因控制，其遗传力在不同杂交组合中表现不尽一致。（3）千粒重和株高具有较高的遗传力，正季最大，越冬再生季最小，每穗粒数和结实率在再生季的遗传力最大。（4）糯89-1/明恢63杂交F2穗平均总粒数、千粒重、株高和穗长呈正态分布，结实率呈双峰分布。【结论】糯稻89-1是一份能通过腋芽休眠抗御低温越冬的可利用特异稻种遗传资源。     

Factors Affecting Yield and Yield Components of Main and Ratoon Rice: A Review

Rice ratooning refers to the production of second crop from the stubble after the harvest of main crop.Main and ratoon rice growth and development are affected by different factors.These factors include varieties selection,water management,fertilizer management,stubble height,plant protection practices and external environmental factors such as temperature and light.In this review,we discussed the different factors affecting the yield and yield components of main and ratoon rice.Among these factors the most important and first one is varietal selection.Varieties should be selected according to the requirement of specific area and prefer varieties resistant to insects/pests and diseases.Sufficient amount of water and fertilizer should be supplied.Stubble height of 10-20 cm will resulted in high production of ratoon rice.Too low or too high temperature and light would reduce the grain yield and quality of rice.Optimal temperature is useful for higher yield.It was concluded that by keeping the management practices more efficiently,the yield of main rice as well as ratoon rice could be increased.There is a need of more studies focusing on improvement of the quality of ratoon rice.     

Factors Affecting Yield and Yield Components of Main and Ratoon Rice:A Review

Rice ratooning refers to the production of second crop from the stubble after the harvest of main crop. Main and ratoon rice growth and development are affected by different factors. These factors include varieties selection, water management,fertilizer management, stubble height, plant protection practices and external environmental factors such as temperature and light.In this review, we discussed the different factors affecting the yield and yield components of main and ratoon rice. Among these factors the most important and first one is varietal selection. Varieties should be selected according to the requirement of specific area and prefer varieties resistant to insects/pests and diseases. Sufficient amount of water and fertilizer should be supplied.Stubble height of 10-20 cm will resulted in high production of ratoon rice. Too low or too high temperature and light would reduce the grain yield and quality of rice. Optimal temperature is useful for higher yield. It was concluded that by keeping the management practices more efficiently, the yield of main rice as well as ratoon rice could be increased. There is a need of more studies focusing on improvement of the quality of ratoon rice.     

再生稻和双季稻田CH4排放对比研究

【目的】 为了探索生态可持续的稻作模式,对比研究了长江中下游地区双季稻和再生稻稻作模式的产量潜力和CH₄排放特征,以此为选取绿色、生态经济可持续的稻作模式提供科学依据。【方法】 于2017—2018年依托湖南省益阳市大通湖区宏硕生态农业农机合作社科研基地,设置了双季稻和再生稻2种模式,对比分析了产量潜力、稻田生育期间CH₄排放动态和稻田生态系统CH₄季节性累积排放规律以及评估了单位产量稻田CH₄排放。【结果】 试验期间,从产量方面来看,双季稻早稻产量为7.37 t·hm ^-2,再生稻头季产量为8.84 t·hm ^-2,头季相比早稻增产19.95%。双季稻晚稻产量为6.82 t·hm ^-2,再生稻再生季产量为3.39 t·hm ^-2,再生季相比晚稻减产50.29%。综合两季,双季稻总产量为14.19 t·hm ^-2,再生稻总产量为12.22 t·hm ^-2;从生育期间CH₄排放动态来看,双季稻在分蘖期和齐穗期左右排放较强峰值,再生稻除了在分蘖期和齐穗期有较强的排放以外,其在施用促芽肥时也出现了小峰值。但总体双季稻的排放范围（- 0.06—1.30 μmol·m ^-2·s ^-1）要高于再生稻的排放范围（- 0.01—0.70 μmol·m ^-2·s ^-1）;从稻田CH₄季节性累积排放来看,双季稻CH₄累积排放要高于再生稻。再生稻头季累积排放范围在23.90—266.59kg·hm ^-2,再生季累积排放范围在0.00—46.14 kg·hm ^-2。双季稻早稻季节累积排放范围在为35.57—251.29kg·hm ^-2,晚稻季节累积排放范围在为10.74—321.59 kg·hm ^-2。双季稻CH₄季节累积排放A-B（两叶一心至分蘖后期）段>B-C（分蘖后期至齐穗期）段>C-D（齐穗期至成熟期）段,且全生育期双季稻累积排放达922.35 kg·hm ^-2。再生稻CH₄累积排放B-C段>A-B段>C-D段,且全生育期CH₄累积排放为609.74 kg·hm ^-2,即相比对照双季稻,再生稻CH₄累积排放降低了33.89%;最后通过评估单位产量CH₄排放可知,早稻单位产量CH₄排放为0.069 kg·kg ^-1,头季单位产量CH₄排放为0.062 kg·kg ^-1,头季相比早稻减少了10.14%;晚稻单位产量CH₄排放为0.061 kg·kg ^-1,再生季单位产量CH₄排放为0.018 kg·kg ^-1,再生季相比晚稻降低了70.49%。综合两季,双季稻单位产量CH₄排放为0.065 kg·kg ^-1,再生稻单位产量CH₄排放为0.050 kg·kg ^-1,再生稻相比双季稻降低了23.08%。 【结论】 从单位产量下CH₄排放角度来看,在长江中下游双季稻的主产区扩大种植再生稻是为良策。     

伏旱期土壤水分对再生稻的影响

高温伏旱期，再生稻头季稻齐穗后１５天排水，稻株冠层和２／３高处的日均温和相对湿度呈极显著相关，收后稻桩冠层的也然。在伏旱期，稻田土壤水分随排水期提早和土层深度降低而减少，土壤干旱，有机质，ｐＨ值和全Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ均较有水田低。齐穗后１５天排水的茎秆绿叶数少。粒重和结实率下降，产量较低，活芽短，但早熟，稻米的蛋白质含量增加，倒５节的活芽较其他处理和对照的长，再生稻的成苗率，成穗率，活芽利用率和穗茎比低。