蒙药对牛源致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果研究

为研究蒙药对牛源致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,采用牛津杯法测定15种蒙药的抑菌圈直径,结果表明,其中朝您·哈日莫各和扫龙·吉木斯两味蒙药对5种血清型牛源致病性大肠杆菌抑菌效果较好,达到极敏和高敏;通过微量稀释法和平板法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),结果显示,朱如拉、朝您·哈日莫各、扫龙·吉木斯、浑钦、高勒图·宝日、给喜古讷和阿如拉等7种蒙药对5种血清型牛源致病性大肠杆菌综合抑菌效果较好,其MIC为0.063~0.500g/mL,MBC为0.125~0.500g/mL。     

Pathogenesis of dengue: challenges to molecular biology

Dengue viruses occur as four antigenically related but distinct serotypes transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These viruses generally cause a benign syndrome, dengue fever, in the American and African tropics, and a severe syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), in Southeast Asian children. This severe syndrome, which recently has also been identified in children infected with the virus in Puerto Rico, is characterized by increased vascular permeability and abnormal hemostasis. It occurs in infants less than 1 year of age born to dengue-immune mothers and in children 1 year and older who are immune to one serotype of dengue virus and are experiencing infection with a second serotype. Dengue viruses replicate in cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage, and subneutralizing concentrations of dengue antibody enhance dengue virus infection in these cells. This antibody-dependent enhancement of infection regulates dengue disease in human beings, although disease severity may also be controlled genetically, possibly by permitting and restricting the growth of virus in monocytes. Monoclonal antibodies show heterogeneous distribution of antigenic epitopes on dengue viruses. These epitopes serve to regulate disease: when antibodies to shared antigens partially neutralize heterotypic virus, infection and disease are dampened; enhancing antibodies alone result in heightened disease response. Further knowledge of the structure of dengue genomes should permit rapid advances in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of dengue.     

2018年版《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分含毒性中药应用分析

目的 研究2018年版《国家基本药物目录》中成药处方中含毒性中药的使用情况、功效应用及配伍规律,为中医临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法 对268个《国家基本药物目录》中成药处方中含毒性中药的处方及其使用频数、功效分布和配伍情况进行统计分析。结果 《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分含有"大毒"有毒"及"小毒"的中药共计34种,占2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》中收载的83种毒性中药的40.96%。含毒性中药的中成药处方有86个,占比为32.09%,其中内科与外科用药含毒性中药处方数排序居前2位,分别占比18.28%、3.36%,功能多为祛瘀、止咳平喘、补益、清热,配伍应用较多的是半夏与苦杏仁,半夏与陈皮、茯苓、甘草配伍应用,苦杏仁与桔梗、麻黄、白芍等组方。结论 毒性中药在《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分应用频数较高,临床上使用时尤需谨慎,在联合用药时应避免重复给药。毒性中药的应用分析对于临床上合理使用《国家基本药物目录》中成药及保障患者用药安全具有较重要的意义。     

中草药提取物防治番茄花叶病试验初报

以对人和动物病毒病具有明显疗效的３４种中草药对由番茄花叶病毒（ＴｏＭＶ）引起的番茄病毒病进行室内防治试验,初步筛选出大黄、蒲公英、贯众、板蓝板、黄芩,重楼、紫金牛、射干８种有防治效果的中草药,这些中草药提取物不仅能使番茄植株体内的病毒浓度降低,而且还能推迟发病,降低植株的病情指数。同时,体外钝化试验表明,这８种中草药提取物对ＴｏＭＶ具有不同程度的钝化作用。     

基于数据挖掘技术探讨中医治疗肺癌放疗患者的用药规律

目的 探讨中医治疗肺癌放疗患者的用药规律。方法 检索中国知网数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、PubMed数据库公开发表的治疗肺癌放疗患者的中药处方,运用频次分析、聚类分析、关联规则分析方法对收集的处方进行数据挖掘,分析其用药规律。结果 共收集到处方70张,涉及176味中药,使用频次共计890次;使用频次≥9的药物共32味;使用频次前三位的单味中药是黄芪、甘草、麦冬;使用频次前三位的药类是补虚药、清热药、化痰止咳平喘药;对32味药物进行聚类分析和关联规则分析,得出2个有效聚类群和13组药对,以补气药和滋阴药配伍为主,辅以补血活血、化痰止咳药。结论 治疗肺癌放疗患者的中药处方以补益药、清热药和止咳药为主,治法以益气养阴、清肺止咳为主。     

贵州白鹇湖沉积物中孢粉记录的5.5kaB.P.以来的气候变化

通过对白鹇湖沉积物柱芯孢粉组合的剖面变化分析,在有机质14C定年基础上,探讨了白鹇湖地区过去5.5 ka calB.P.以来的植被演替和气候变化过程.研究结果表明,5500-4500 aB.P.期间,各类植被比较丰富,气候温暖湿润;4500-2750 aB.P.期间,干旱草本和蕨类植物开始出现,是气候转变过渡期;2750-1500 aB.P.期间,木本植物组合类型发生明显变化,喜湿草本减少,耐旱草本增加,气候向温凉干旱化发展;1500 aB.P.至今,木本植被和喜湿草本继续减少,中生耐旱草本和蕨类植物数量继续大幅增加,干旱化趋势明显,植被组合向典型石漠化植被组合类型发展.白鹇湖沉积物剖面孢粉组合变化表明,该地区近5000a来气候变化以温度下降、降水减少为主要趋势,并存在明显的陆地植被退化现象.研究还揭示了自然气候变化事件(如气候持续干旱)可导致喀斯特地区发生石漠化,证实了喀斯特地区生态环境具先天脆弱性.科学评估白鹇湖地区气候干旱化趋势及其生态环境影响对指导该地区科学应对气候变化具重要意义,亟待加强.     

黄政德教授治疗慢性胃炎的用药规律聚类分析

目的 采用聚类分析统计方法,分析第五批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师黄政德教授治疗慢性胃炎用药规律。方法 收集黄政德教授门诊治疗慢性胃炎显效病例,采用Excel统计软件对患者中药处方进行频数统计,并对高频中药功效进行拆分合并,采用SPSS 21.0分析软件,对高频中药基于功效进行聚类分析。结果 共收集了127例慢性胃炎患者,总计190次门诊病历,共运用中药95味,其中高频中药46味,使用频次排名前十的中药为甘草、白芍、木香、茯苓、法半夏、陈皮、柴胡、川芎、延胡索、白术。获得4个聚类方,C1方能理气活血、健脾祛湿、消痞止痛,由柴胡疏肝散与六君子汤加减化裁而来;C2方能通调三焦、健脾祛湿消痞、疏肝解郁,由三仁汤化裁而来;C3方能养阴清胃、健脾活血止痛、疏肝解郁,由一贯煎化裁而来;C4方能清肝泻火、降逆止呕、寒热平调,由左金丸化裁而来。结论 黄政德教授治疗慢性胃炎强调辨病辨证、重调气血、兼顾情志,治疗慢性胃炎善于理气活血、健脾祛湿、疏肝和胃、寒热平调。     

秋水仙素诱导细叶百合多倍体研究

为获得具有优良观赏性状和农艺性状的细叶百合四倍体植株,并为百合的新品种选育提供性状优良的杂交亲本,以细叶百合种子(2n=2x=24)为试验材料,通过秋水仙素浸泡种子的方法,研究了不同秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对细叶百合染色体加倍的诱导效果.结果表明:以0.1％秋水仙素处理24 h诱导效果最佳,变异率最高,达30％.经根尖染色体鉴定,四倍体植株染色体数目为2n=4x=48.四倍体植株气孔密度减少,气孔增大;前期生长势缓慢,叶片短缩增宽,叶色加深;后期生长健壮,叶片增大明显.通过对经秋水仙素诱导获得的变异植株形态、气孔的观察测定以及染色体倍性鉴定,成功获得了细叶百合的多倍体植株.     

国医大师孙光荣谈如何将经典理论与临床实际相结合

中医经典内容丰富,内涵深刻,是中医名家实践经验之结晶,乃中医之根本、中医之灵魂。学习经典,传承经典是中医学子之责任,而学习中医、传承经典最终要回归临床,服务临床。孙光荣教授创造性、总结性提出经典理论与临床实践有效结合要"熟读经典挈其纲,点睛之语切莫忘;运用重在明思路,不在一药与一方;娴熟一部常为用,各家学说时可参;典型医案明经义,临证心得自显彰",对培养中医人才和发展中医药事业具有重要意义。     

Construction of chimeric viruses based on pepper mild mottle virus using a modified Cre/loxP system

Cre/loxP, a site-specific recombination system, has been widely used for various purposes, including chromosomal translocations, generation of marker-free transgenic plants, tissue-specific activation of a reporter gene and efficient heterologous gene expression in plants. However, stable or transient expression of Cre recombinase in plants can cause chlorosis or necrosis. Here, we describe a modified Cre/loxP recombination system using a DNA fragment flanked with loxP sites in the same orientation in which necrosis induced by Cre recombinase in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was alleviated. The modified system was successfully used to create functional GFP-tagged pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and a chimeric virus with coat protein (CP) substitution assembled from separate pro-vector modules. Our results provide a new strategy and flexible technique to construct chimeric virus and infectious clones for plant viruses with large genomes.     

24种中草药提取物抗病毒活性筛选

 采集文献记载具有抗动物病毒活性的24种中草药,通过烟草花叶病毒来进行植物资源抗植物病毒活性筛选。结果显示24种中草药粗提物对烟草花叶病毒显示抗病毒活性。     

基于中医传承辅助系统的张涤教授治疗小儿外感发热组方用药经验挖掘

目的 分析挖掘张涤教授治疗小儿外感发热的组方用药经验与规律。方法 采用中医传承辅助系统（V2.5）,对张涤教授门诊的小儿外感发热处方进行频数统计、关联规则分析、改进的互信息法、复杂系统熵聚类等数据挖掘。结果 180首小儿外感发热处方用药49味,以解表药、清热药、化痰止咳平喘药为主,多入肺胃二经,常用的药物组合为“芦根、荆芥”、“芦根、生石膏”、“生石膏、荆芥”,“芦根、生石膏、荆芥”,“芦根、淡竹叶”。结论 张涤教授治疗小儿外感发热立足解表清里原则、重在清透肺热、清热生津,遣方用药结合湖南气候湿热的特点。     

基于数据挖掘的旷惠桃教授治疗痛风用药规律研究

目的 应用中医传承辅助系统软件分析旷惠桃教授治疗痛风（Gout）的用药及组方规律。方法 收集旷惠桃教授2015年9月-2016年5月治疗痛风部分病例,录入“中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）”系统,采用系统中的关联规则、改进互信息法、复杂系统熵聚类等无监督数据挖掘方法,探析旷教授治疗痛风的常用药物及分析方剂中的组方规律。结果 对纳入的69名患者,共198首处方、119味中药进行分析,使用频次>100次的高频使用药物有牛膝、土茯苓、车前子、萆薢、地龙、灵芝、威灵仙、黄柏、泽泻、黄芪;药物类别主要包括清热药、利湿药、活血通络药;常用药对包括：土茯苓-牛膝,土茯苓-萆薢,牛膝-萆薢,车前子-牛膝,车前子-土茯苓,车前子-萆薢等;挖掘旷惠桃教授治疗痛风的基本方及5首新处方。结论 旷惠桃教授临床善于运用清热、解毒、利湿之方药治疗痛风。     

Effects of lead stress on Vg expression in the beet armyworm over five successive generations

Heavy metals have been found to be endocrine disruptors in invertebrates.Lead is one of the most widespread elements of contamination,but there has been no research about the effects of lead stress on vitellogenin(Vg) gene expression in insects exposed to lead over multiple generations.In this paper,the effects of different concentrations of lead(0,0.3,4.8 and 76.8 mg kg~(–1)) on the expression of Vg in the beet armyworm over five successive generations were studied.The results showed that lead stress had significant effects on Vg expression in a dose-dependent manner.For females at the larval and adult stages,as lead concentration increased,Vg expression was significantly inhibited; for males at these two developmental stages,Vg expression was induced and increased as lead concentration increased.In addition,with the increase over stressed generations,inhibited effects for females and induced effects for males at the larval and adult stages became increasingly more obvious.However,at the pupal stage,Vg expression in the two genders was different from that at the larval and adult stages.The results indicate that lead stress can upregulate Vg expression in males which should be a useful indicator for environmental risk assessment.     

中草药对产蛋中后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用120只390日龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机均分4组。以日粮中0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的中草药剂量分别添加饲喂试验组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),对照组不添加,连续饲喂15 d。分别观察各组每天的产蛋率、日产蛋量等生产性能指标。结果表明,试验组Ⅱ的产蛋率与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),提高了8.80%;试验组Ⅲ的产蛋率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),提高了4.99%;试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ的日产蛋量均与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),分别提高了12.12%、6.82%;试验组Ⅱ的料蛋比与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),降低了12.46%;试验组Ⅲ的料蛋比与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),降低了11.42%。其余指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。添加1.0%中草药剂量可以明显提高产蛋中后期蛋鸡的生产性能。     

Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Virgaviridae,Hordeivirus</Emphasis>) As Etiological Agent of Maize Chlorotic Stripe Disease

The presence of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) (Virgaviridae, Hordeivirus) infection background in maize (Zea mays) crops in the territory of Primorsky krai was demonstrated. Field data and model experiments established that BSMV causes the disease formerly called “maize chlorotic stripe disease” with the following symptoms: general chlorosis of leaves at the early stages of plant development, the emergence of pale yellow, nearly white strikes along the midrib throughout the length of the leaf, and loss of infected plants to the stage of pulling (12–25%; average value of 17.1%) and elongation with the absence of severe death in the later stages. The coefficient of harmfulness for BSMV (37.1%) was determined in the study. We concluded that planned monitoring in relation to BSMV is required for planting maize.     

基于因子分析和关联规则挖掘乙型肝炎肝硬化中医用药配伍规律

目的 分析中医药治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化用药配伍规律,为临床治疗提供用药指导。方法 收集本院2016年6月-2017年12月符合入选条件的165例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的临床资料,运用因子分析与关联规则等方法对其用药规律进行挖掘。结果 纳入处方总数共206个,共198味中药,使用频次排名前10的中药依次为：白术、茯苓、泽泻、茵陈蒿、甘草、柴胡、黄芪、丹参、鳖甲、白芍;常用的2味药物组合模式38组,3味强关联药物组合5个;因子分析法将药物按其功效进行归类,主要分为6大类。结论 本院乙型肝炎肝硬化体现的主要治法：清热利湿,活血祛瘀、通络软坚,疏肝健脾,健脾利湿,补益肝肾,温补脾肾,该研究可为乙型肝炎肝硬化的中医药治疗提供一定参考。