仔猪早期断奶应激（EWS）与特殊调味剂“母仔剂”印记法抗应？…

试验采用大长杂种哺乳仔猪３０窝３１０头，随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组组；分别为试验组、对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组。试验结果表明：Ⅰ组仔猪采食量比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别提高６．１７％和１４．２３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；平均日增重分别提高６．１４％和１０．２８％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；６０日龄成活率分别提高４．０６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和７．７０％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；断奶后仔猪腹泻率分别下降９．３４％和１７．０３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

混和酶制剂对丝毛乌骨鸡生长速度和饲料利用及养分消化率的影响

取２００羽１日龄丝毛乌骨鸡［始重（２４．７５±２．６６）ｇ］，随机分成试验１、２、３、４组和对照组，分别饲喂含中性蛋白酶、糖化酶及不含酶制剂的基础日粮，饲养试验在６０日龄结束．分别在３１日龄和６１日龄开始时对生长性能最佳试验组和对照组的鸡进行消化试验，并测定血液生化指标．结果表明：①日粮中添加混和酶制剂能提高日增重、降低料重比，其中以试验２组最佳，３０日龄时平均日增重提高２５．２８％（Ｐ＜０．０１），料重比降低１５．９２％．６０日龄时平均日增重提高８．５４％（Ｐ＜０．０５），料重比下降１０．７３％；②使用混合酶制剂可不同程度地提高饲料养分的表观消化率，试验２组鸡３７、６７日龄的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物消化率分别提高了３．０５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、７．２４％（Ｐ＜０．０５），７．６８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、９．８２％（Ｐ＜０．０５），１２．７０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、１３．９４％（Ｐ＜０．０１），５．４７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、６．９０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；③混合酶制剂对３７日龄和６７日龄丝毛乌骨鸡血糖、血清总蛋白无显著影响．     

仔猪早期断奶应激(EWS)与特殊调味剂“母仔香”印记法抗应激的研究

试验采用大长杂种哺乳仔猪３０窝３１０头，随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组：分别为试验组、对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组。试验结果表明：Ⅰ组仔猪采食量比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别提高６．１７％和１４．２３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；平均日增重分别提高６．１４％和１０．２８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；６０日龄成活率分别提高４．０６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和７．７０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；断奶后仔猪腹泻率分别下降９．４３％和１７．０３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

粗酶制剂对鹅生长及某些激素的影响

选用２４只７日龄雏鹅,随机分成对照和试验２组。饲以大麦（占４５％）基础日粮,试验组添加０．１％的Ｂｉｏｋｙｏｗａ商品粗酶制剂。试验期为７～６０日龄,每周称量体重和记录采食量。６０日龄时由翅静脉采取血样,分离血浆用激素测定。结果如下：试验组体重自３周龄起显著高于对照组,而周增重于２～５周龄显著提高,且该期间的采食量增加,料重比略为下降;血液中ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ含量较对照组高３６．６３％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和６６．５５＾（Ｐ〈０．０１）,β－ＥＮＤ却下降了５１．６６％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;试验组的ＴＳＨ、Ｔ３水平较对照组分别高２４．３９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和１６．８１％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而Ｔ４水平却低１８．３３（Ｐ〉０．０５）,Ｔ３／Ｔ４比值升高。以上结果表明：添加粗酶制剂不仅能改善生长鹅对大麦日粮的消化,而且影响机体的代谢激     

甘露寡聚糖和粪链球菌对雏鸡和哺乳仔猪血液SOD和GSH-px活性的影响

试验一设 ４ 组,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在雏鸡每千克日粮中添加２ ｇ 甘露寡聚糖、０．０６ ｇ 粪链球菌剂和２ ｇ 甘露寡聚糖＋ ０．０６ ｇ 粪链球菌剂,对照组为基础日粮．试验期为６ 周．结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组雏鸡血液中 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 和 Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ ｐｘ 活性均极显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）, Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 含量分别提高１１．５％ 、１２．１％ 和１４．０％ , Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ ｐｘ 含量分别提高 ９．６％ 、８．１％ 和９．８％ ;而各试验组之间差异不显著（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）．试验二在集约化猪场中挑选胎龄、产仔时间一致的初生仔猪６ 窝,每窝选择体重一致、健康仔猪６ 头,共３６ 头,分 ３ 组,每组１２ 头．从出生第２ 天开始,试验Ⅰ组每头仔猪每次灌服２５０ ｍ ｇ 甘露寡聚糖,试验Ⅱ组每头仔猪每次灌服１ ｇ 粪链球菌剂,对照组仔猪灌服生理盐水,隔天灌服１ 次,试验期为 ３０ ｄ．结果表明,口服甘露寡聚糖和粪链球菌均可极显著地提高哺乳仔猪血液中 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 和 Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ ｐｘ 活性（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）, Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 含量分别提高了１０．４％ 和６．４％ , Ｇ Ｓ Ｈ ｐｘ 含量分别提高了２４％ 和１４．５％ ;试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组之间差异不显著（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）．２ 个试验结果说明     

纤维素酶对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究肉用仔鸡在不同生长阶段下（１～２周，３～６周，７～８周）纤维素酶的应用效果。试验分３组，日粮中分别添加０、０．０５％、０．１％的纤维素酶。结果表明，试鸡在３～６周的日增重在各个日粮间差异不显著；７～８周时，低酶水平与高酶水平相比达差异极显著水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明酶水平增高鸡的增重也提高，饲料消耗减少。     

粗酶制剂对雏鹅消化器官发育的影响

选用１８只７日龄雏鹅,随机分成对照组和试验两组,饲以大麦（占４５％）基础日粮,试验组添加０．１％的Ｂｉｏｋｙｏｗａ粗酶制剂。实验期为７－２１日龄,２１日龄时宰杀,称量消化腺和消化道重量,并测定小肠食糜上清液的粘度。结果显示：与对照组相比较,试验组雏鹅胰腺和肝脏的相对重量较对照组分别轻３１．２５％（Ｐ〈０．０１）和９．７５％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,胃（肌胃＋腺胃）较对照组低１０．７９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,十     

中草药活性物质对肉鸡生长及某些生理生化指标的影响

以添加０．１％，０．１５％由甙，酚等组成的中草药活性物质，与抗生素类添加剂进行肉鸡饲养对比试验，结果表明，添加０．１％组的肉鸡增重，成活率，饲料转化率分别比抗生素组提高５．０％，８．９％，４．９％，４２日龄时，０．１％添加组的法氏囊显小于抗生素级（Ｐ〈０．０５），血清球蛋白含量极显提高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血钙含量以及血清碱性磷酸酶活性显提高（Ｐ〈０．０５），血清总蛋白，血红蛋白及血清含量均有所     

纤维素酵对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究肉用仔鸡在不同长期阶段下（１￣２周，３￣６周，７￣８周）纤维素酶的应用效果。试验分３组，日粮中分别添加０、０．０５％、０．１％的纤维素酶。结果表明，试鸡在３￣６周的日增重在各个日粮间差异不显著；７￣８周时，低酶水平与高酶水平相比达差异极显著水平（Ｐ〈０．０１），说明酶水平增高鸡的增重也提高，饲料消耗减少。     

日粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

ＡＡ肉仔鸡雏７６８只,随机分为２个处理,每个处理３２个重复,每个重复１２只鸡,研究日粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明：高能高蛋白和低能低蛋白两个水平组试验鸡生长的主要区别阶段在４～６周龄和７周龄,高能高蛋白组试验鸡４２日龄体重、４～６周日增重和４９日龄体重显高于低能低蛋白组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。全期高能高蛋白组日增重显高于低能低蛋白组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,平均饲养料采食     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。